Q1.
The circulatory system includes the heart, blood vessels and blood.
(a) The heart pumps the blood in a double circulatory system.
Describe what is meant by a ‘double circulatory system’.
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(2)
(b) Heart rate is controlled by a group of cells that act as a pacemaker.
Where in the heart is the pacemaker found?
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(1)
(c) Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood?
Tick (✓) one box.
Aorta
Coronary artery
Pulmonary artery
Pulmonary vein
(1)
The structure of a vein is different from the structure of an artery.
One difference is that veins have valves but arteries do not have valves.
(d) Explain why veins have valves, but arteries do not.
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(2)
(e) Describe two structural differences between a vein and an artery.
Do not refer to valves in your answer.
1 _________________________________________________________________
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2 _________________________________________________________________
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(2)
(Total 8 marks)
Q2.
The graph shows the rate of blood flow through different organs at rest and during
exercise.
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(a) Determine the total volume of blood that flows through the brain in 1 hour.
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Volume = ____________________ cm3
(1)
(b) Look at the blood flow through the skeletal muscle.
Calculate how many times the blood flow increases by during exercise compared to
at rest.
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Answer = ____________________
(2)
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(c) Explain why the blood flow to the skeletal muscles increases during exercise.
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(3)
(d) Arteries and veins have different structures and different functions.
Explain how the different structure of arteries and veins relates to their different
functions.
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(6)
(Total 12 marks)
Q3.
(a) Blood is made up of four main components.
Red blood cells and white blood cells are two of these components.
Describe the functions of the two other components of blood.
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(2)
(b) The heart is often described as a double pump.
Describe why.
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(1)
(c) In coronary heart disease (CHD) layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary
arteries. This can cause a heart attack.
Statins and stents can be used to reduce the risk of a heart attack in people with
CHD.
Evaluate the use of statins and stents in people with CHD.
Remember to include a justified conclusion.
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(6)
(Total 9 marks)
Mark schemes
Page 5 of 9
Q1.
(a) right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs
allow right side of heart pumps blood to the lungs
1
left ventricle pumps blood around / to the body
allow left side of heart pumps blood to the body
1
if no other marks awarded allow 1 mark for:
(two circuits / pumps) one from heart to lungs
and one from heart to body
or
blood passes twice through heart on each circuit
(b) right atrium
1
(c) pulmonary artery
1
(d) valves prevent backflow of blood
allow valves prevent blood from flowing in the
wrong direction
1
(because) blood (in veins) is at lower pressure / force (than in arteries)
allow (because) blood travels more slowly
(through veins than arteries)
allow converse statements eg blood in arteries is
at higher pressure (1)
(so) do not need valves to prevent backflow (1)
1
(e) any two from:
• lumen in vein is wider (than in an artery)
• (wall of vein) has a thinner layer of muscle (tissue)
• (wall of vein) has a thinner layer of elastic tissue
if neither mark awarded allow 1 mark for:
veins have thinner walls (than arteries)
do not accept reference to cell wall
2
answers must be comparative allow converse
statements
ignore reference to valves
[8]
Q2.
(a) 36 000 (cm3)
1
(b) 11600 / 1200
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1
9.66666r
allow any number of decimals
1
(c) muscles need more energy (for contraction)
1
(so) more oxygen / glucose needed
need at least one reference to ‘more’ for full marks
allow so more carbon dioxide / thermal energy needs to be
removed
1
(for) increased respiration
1
(d)
Level 3: Relevant points (differences /
functions) are identified, given in detail and 5-6
linked logically to form a clear account.
Level 2: Relevant points (differences /
functions) are identified and there are
3-4
attempts at logical linking. The resulting
account is not fully clear.
Level 1: Points are identified and stated
simply, but their relevance is not clear and 1-2
there is no attempt at logical linking.
No relevant content 0
Indicative content
•artery has a thicker wall
•(because) artery has to withstand higher
pressure
•artery has thicker layer of elastic tissue /
fibres
•(so) it can stretch
•(so) artery returns to original size / shape
•artery has thicker layer of muscle
•to maintain a force on the blood
•vein has valves
•(valves) prevent backflow of blood
•artery carries blood away from the heart
•vein carries blood towards the heart
ignore references to oxygenated /
deoxygenated blood
6
[12]
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Q3.
(a) plasma transports proteins / dissolved substances / food (molecules) / urea /
hormones
or
blood cells are suspended in the plasma
1
platelets are involved in blood clotting
1
(b) the right side of the heart pumps blood to the lungs
and
the left side of the heart pumps blood around (the rest of) the body
1
(c) Level 3 (5–6 marks):
A detailed and coherent evaluation is provided which considers a range of relevant
points and comes to a conclusion consistent with the reasoning.
Level 2 (3–4 marks):
An attempt to relate relevant points and come to a conclusion. The logic may be
inconsistent at times but builds towards a coherent argument.
Level 1 (1–2 marks):
Discrete relevant points made. The logic may be unclear and the conclusion, if
present,
may not be consistent with the reasoning.
0 marks:
No relevant content
Indicative content
pros of statins:
• decreases blood cholesterol
• slows down build-up of fatty material in arteries
• (so) blood can flow to heart muscle cells
cons of statins:
• drug has to be taken regularly or may forget to take drug
• drug will need to be taken long-term
• side-effects of taking the drug
• effects of drug will take time to happen
pros of stents:
• blocked artery is held open
• (so) blood can flow to heart muscle cells
• will remain in place / work for a long time
• rapid recovery time
cons of stents:
• risk of infection from procedure
• risk of surgery eg heart attack
• risk of thrombosis or blood clot
a justified conclusion
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6
[9]
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