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Specific Discrete Probability Distrbutions - The Binomial Distribution

The document discusses the binomial distribution, a specific discrete probability distribution related to Bernoulli trials, which are experiments with independent trials resulting in success or failure. It outlines the properties of Bernoulli processes and provides examples illustrating how to calculate probabilities, means, and variances associated with binomial random variables. Key concepts include the definition of success, the constant probability of success, and the independence of trials.

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29 views11 pages

Specific Discrete Probability Distrbutions - The Binomial Distribution

The document discusses the binomial distribution, a specific discrete probability distribution related to Bernoulli trials, which are experiments with independent trials resulting in success or failure. It outlines the properties of Bernoulli processes and provides examples illustrating how to calculate probabilities, means, and variances associated with binomial random variables. Key concepts include the definition of success, the constant probability of success, and the independence of trials.

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steynkasegwe10
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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PROBABILITY AND STATISTICS

SPECIFIC DISCRETE PROBABILITY


DISTRIBUTIONS: THE BINOMIAL
DISTRIBUTION
Introduction
• There are some random variables whose behaviours are
so common and important that their probability mass
functions have already defined formulas.
• One of these is the binomial random variable that follows
the Binomial probability distribution.
The Bernouilli Experiment/Process
• An experiment with independent repeated trials where each trial
is deemed either a success or a failure is called a Bernoulli
experiment/process. For example, determining whether
components are defective or non-defective on an assembly line.
• Consequently, each trial is referred to as a Bernoulli trial.
The Properties of a Bernoulli process
1. The experiment consists of repeated trials.
2. Each trial results in an outcome that may be classified
as a success or a failure.
3. The probability of success, denoted by 𝑝, remains
constant from trial to trial.
4. The repeated trials are independent.
The Properties of a Bernoulli process
❖Example 1
• Consider the set of Bernoulli trials where three items are
selected at random from a manufacturing process,
inspected, and classified as defective or non-defective. A
defective item is designated a success. The random
variable X is the number of successes. Assuming the
1
probability of a success is , let’s come up with the
4
probability distribution of X.
The Binomial Distribution
• The number 𝑋 of successes in 𝑛 Bernoulli trials is
called a binomial random variable. The probability
distribution of this discrete random variable is called
the binomial distribution, and its values will be
denoted by 𝑏(𝑥; 𝑛, 𝑝) since they depend on the
number of trials and the probability of a success on
a given trial.
The Binomial Distribution
The Binomial Distribution (Cont’d)
❖Example 2
• The probability that a certain kind of component will
3
survive a shock test is . Find the probability that exactly 2
4
of the next 4 components tested survive.
The Binomial Distribution (Cont’d)
❖Example 3
• In testing a certain kind of truck tire over rugged terrain, it
is found that 25% of the trucks fail to complete the test
run without a blowout. Of the next 15 trucks tested, find
the probability that
a) from 3 to 6 have blowouts;
b) At least one has a blowout
The mean and the variance of a binomial random
variable

❖Example 4
• Find the mean and variance of the binomial random
variables in example 2 and 3
Thank You.

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