Ch - 1 logarithm
Ch - 1 logarithm
LOGARITHM
PRACTICE SHEET
1. The value of 2 2 log 2 5 is equal to: 70 22 7
14. The value of log log log is:
(a) 4/5 (b) 5/4 33 135 18
(c) 2/5 (d) 5/2 (Given log 2 = 0.3010, log 3 = 0.4771)
(a) 0.0512 (b) 0.4213
2. If y 21/ logx 8 , then x is equal to:
(c) 0.3010 (d) None of these
(a) y (b) y2
(c) y3 (d) None of these 2 log (4 log 36)
15. The value of 3 3 is:
3. If a, b and c are in GP, then logax x, logbx x, logcx x are in: (Given log 2 = 0.3010, log 3 = 0.4771)
(a) GP (b) HP (a) 1.45 (b) 0.69
(c) AP (d) None of these (c) 1.2 (d) 3.2
4. If 2 log (x+1) log (x21) = log2, then x equals to: 16. If log10 1 x 3log10 1 x = log10 1 x 2 2, then the
(a) 1 (b) 0 value of x is:
(c) 2 (d) 3
(a) 4 (b) 99
5. The number of solutions of log2 (x1) = 2log2 (x3): (c) 5 (d) None of these
(a) 2 (b) 1
(c) 6 (d) 7 17. log 25 625 log 31 961 log 29 841 ?
log10 tan1 log10 tan 2........ log10 tan 89 (a) 2 (b) 6
6. The value of e is equal to:
(c) 0 (d) 4
(a) 0 (b) 1
1 18. If log x + log y = log (x + y) then :
(c) e (d) (a) x = y (b) xy = 1
e
x 1 x
7. How many numbers of digits are there in 298? (Given that (c) y (d) y
log10 2= 0.30103 ) x x 1
(a) 98 (b) 99 19. If a , b , c are in GP then logan , logbn , logcn are in
(c) 30 (d) 29 (a) A.P. (b) G.P.
8. If log30 3 = a and log30 5 = b, what is the value of log30 8? (c) H.P. (d) not
(a) 3(1+a+b) (b) 3(1a+b) 20. x triples every second . How will log2x change every
(c) 3(1+ab) (d) 3(1ab) second
9. What is the least integral value of 2log10 xlogx (0.01)? (a) It will double every second
(a) 0 (b) 2 (b) It will triple every second
(c) 4 (d) 3 (c) It increases by constant amount every second
10. What is the value of log a log c 1/3 b log a 1/4 c? (d) None of these
b
(a) 12 (b) 24 21. If log3 log3 [log3 x] = log3 3, then what is the value of x?
(c) 1/12 (d) 1/24 (a) 3 (b) 27
(c) 39 (d) 327
11. If log x log 36 log 64 , what are the values of x and y, log H
log 5 log 6 log y
22. What is the value of ?
respectively? log
H
(a) 8, 25 (b) 25, 8 (a) log () (b) log ()
(c) 8, 8 (d) 25, 25
(c) log () (d) log ()
12. If (log3 x)2 + (log3 x) < 2, then which one of the following
is correct? 23. The value of x for which
1 1 x 1
(a) 0 < x < (b) < x < 3 log9 x–log9 =1 is:
9 9 10 9
1 (a) 2 (b) 4
(c) 3 < x < (d) x 3
9 (c) 9 (d) 10
ANSWER KEY
1. a 2. c 3. b 4. d 5. b 6. b 7. c 8. d 9. c 10. b
11. b 12. b 13. a 14. a 15. a 16. d 17. a 18. d 19. c 20. c
21. d 22. c 23. d 24. d 25. c 26. d 27. b 28. a 29. d 30. a
31. b 32. c
Solutions
Sol. 1. (a)
e
log
10
tan1 log
10
tan 2 ...... log10 tan 89 (log3 x)2 + (log3 x) 2 < 0
2 2 log 2 5
2 2
4 (log3 x + 2)( log3 x 1) < 0
log tan1.tan2.tan3...... tan89 e log101
2 log 2 5 5 e 10 -2 < log3 x < 1
Sol. 2. (c) =e°=1
Sol. 7. (c)
1/9 < x < 3
take log both side
No. of digits = 98 log102 Sol. 13. (a)
log x 2
y 21/ logx 8 log x y = 98 × 0.3010 = 29.49 ≈30 digits 16
7 log 5 log
25
3 log
81
log x 8 Sol. 8. (d) 15 24 80
logx y=log8 2 = 1/3 30 7 5 3
x=y3
log30 8 = 3log30 2=3log30 24 52 34
15 log log log
Sol. 3. (b) 3 5 23 3 24 5
30
a,b,c are in G.P. ⟹b2 = ac 3log30 3(log30 30–log30 5)
3 5 228
taking log both sides 2log b=log a+log c 510 312
i.e. logx a, logx b, logx c are in AP 3(1–a–b) log . .
37 57 215 35 212 53
⟹ 1+logx a, 1+logx b, 1+logx c are in AP
⟹logx x+logx a, logx x +logx b, logx x +logx c are Sol. 9. (c) log2 = 0.3010
in AP 2log10 xlogx (0.01) Sol. 14. (a)
⟹ logx ax, logx bx, logx cx are in AP 1 70 22 7
⟹ logax x, logbx x, logcx x are in HP x+ 2 log log log
x 33 135 18
Sol. 4. (d)
log10 x+ logx10 2 70 22
2log (x+1) log (x21) = log2 .
log10 x + logx10 4 8
Log
x 12 log 2
x 12 2
2log10 x + 2logx 10 4 log 33 135 log log 8 log 9
7 9
x2 1 x2 1 2log10 x + logx 100 4
2log10 x – logx 0.01 4 18
x 1 =3log2–2log3=3(0.3010)–2(0.4771)
=2x +1= 2x–2 x=3 Sol. 10. (b)
x 1 = – 0.0512
log a log 1/ 3 b log 1/ 4 c
Sol. 5. (b) b c a
log2 (x1) = 2log2 (x3) =2logb a.3logc b.4loga c=24 Sol. 15. (a)
log2 (x1) = log2 (x3)2 Sol. 11. (b)
x1=(x3)2 x1= x2 6x+9 log x log 36 log 64
, 2 log 3 4 log 36 32 9
x2 7x+10 = 0 x = 2,5 log 5 log 6 log y 3
log 3 4 log 36 4 log 36
3
but x = 2 is not in domain so there is only one log5 x=log6 36 = logy 64
solution. log5 x=2 = logy 64 x = 25, y=8
9
Sol. 6. (b) Sol. 12. (b) =1.45
(log3 x)2 + (log3 x) < 2 8 log 6
=3 3 log3 4
3
log3 43
=log10 1 x 2 2 log9
x
3 log3 64
= log9 9
1 x 3 log100 1 x 2
x 1 64
=3
log x 1 10 9 Sol. 30. (a)
Let x18 = y21 = z28 = k. then
1 x 2 1 x 100 1 x 2
x
=9 18 log x = 21 log y = 28 log z = log k
= x 1
log k log k log k
1 x 2 x 99 x 1,1 99 10 9 log x = 18 , log y 21 , log z 28
9x 3 log x 3 21 7
but all these values are not in domain. x= 1 ,
10 3logy x =
Sol. 17. (a) log y 18 2
log 25 625 log 31 961 log 29 841 x = 10
Sol. 24. (d) 3logz y= 3 log y 3 28 4
=2−2+2=2 log z 28
log4 (x2 + x)–log4 (x + 1)=2 log4 4
Sol. 18. (d)
7 log z 7 28 9
log x + log y = log (x + y) 7logx z=
log(xy) = log (x + y) x2 x log x 28 2
xy = x + y log4 = log4 (42) 3,7/2, 4,9/2 are in A.P.
x 1
x Sol. 31. (b)
y=
x 1 x x 1 1
Sol. 19. (c)
x 1
16
Using log a n x log a x, we have
n
a, b, c are in GP 1
x = 16 log32 x 2 log3 x 2 log3 x
then b2 = ac
taking log both sides Sol. 25. (c) 2
Given Exp. 1
2logn b = logn a + logn c
=log60 3 + log60 4 + log60 5 log 33 x 3 log 3 x 3 log 3 x
so logn a, logn b, logn c are in AP then 3
logan, logbn, logcn are in H.P. = log60 (345) = log60 60 = 1 Given equ. is
Sol. 20. (c) Sol. 26. (d) 3log3 x = 3
x become 3x then Given Exp. log3 x = 1 = log3 3
logx become log3x or log3 + logx = p q r x = 3
so it will increase by a constant value log3 logx logx logx
q r p Sol. 32. (c)
Sol. 21. (d) log10 (x–15)+log10 10=4
log3 log3 [log3 x] = log3 3 p q r log10 (x–15)+1 = 4
log3 [log3 x] = 3 = logx
q r p log10 (x–15)=3
[log3 x] = 27
x = 327 =logx 1 = 0 (x–15)=103 = 1000
Sol. 22. (c) Sol. 27. (b) x = 1015
log H log10 (1.5) = log10 (3/2)
log H =log10 3–log10 2
log log =(0.4771–0.3010)=0.1761
log
H log H log Sol. 28. (a)
log log 520 20 = 20log 5
=20log (10/2)
log
1
log =20[log 10–log 10 2]
2 log =20 (1–0.3010)
log
log
1
=200.6990=13.98
2
Characteristic = 13
Sol. 23. (d) Number of digits = 14
Given equation may be written as: Sol. 29. (d)
ANSWER KEY
1. b 2. d 3. a 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. c 10. a
11. d 12. c 13. a 14. c 15. b 16. a 17. b 18. c 19. b 20. c
21. d 22 d 23. c 24. a 25. c 26. c 27. b 28. b 29. c 30. c
31. b 32. d 33. a