Hydraulic System And Components
Components Operation, Description and Inspection
Safety Instructions
WARNING
AVOID DEATH OR SERIOUS INJURY
Instructions are necessary before operating or servicing machine. Read and understand the
Operation & Maintenance Manual and signs (decals) on machine. Follow warnings and instructions
in the manuals when making repairs, adjustments or servicing. Check for correct function after
adjustments repairs or service. Untrained operators and failure to follow instructions can cause
death or serious injury.
Main Pump
Overview
The main pump consists of a main body in which are two spline-coupled pumps, regulators for
regulating flow rate and horsepower, an EPPR valve for controlling a power mode.
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Internal Section View
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Figure 1
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Gear Pump
Figure 1
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EPPR Valve
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Working Principle
Decreasing Oil Flow (Flow Control)
Figure 1
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When all the control valve spools are in neutral, a high negacon pressure comes to the Flow Control
Piston, overcoming its spring force and so moving the Control Spool and causing the Servo Piston to
move and decrease the pump output flow.
Increasing Oil Flow (Flow Control)
Figure 1
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When a main control valve spool is moved, the negacon pressure being supplied to the Flow Control
Piston drops (< 7 bar), so its spring pushes it back allowing the Control Spool and Servo Piston to
move back and increase the pump output flow.
Decreasing Oil Flow (Power Control)
Figure 1
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The Power Control Spools sense the output pressure of both pumps constantly and due to the design
of the spool, these are combined to act as an average pressure against the compensator springs. If
the combined pressure overcomes the Power Control Spools spring force, the Control Spool is moved
to cause the Servo Piston to move and decrease the pump output flow.
Increasing Oil Flow (Power Control)
Figure 1
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If the combined pressure drops allowing the spring force to push the Power Control Spool back,
the Control Spool is moved back, causing the Servo Piston to move back and so increase the pump
output flow.
Power Shift Control
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Main Control Valve
Overview
The main control valve mainly provides the directional control function for supplying oil to each
actuator, but also has pressure and flow control functions.
• Pressure control valves: relief, pressure reducing, and unloading valves, etc.
• Flow control valves: throttle, flow dividing, and pressure compensation valves, etc.
• Directional control valves: directional change and check valves, etc.
Figure 1
Arm 1
Boom 2
Swing
Option
Outrigger
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Figure 1
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Swing Bucket
Option Travel
Outrigger Travel
Priolity
Section A - A Section B - B
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Operation Mechanism Explanation
Neutral
Oil discharged from the pump returns to the reservoir through the neutral passage. Work ports
A and B are closed. (A, B, and T closed) When a check valve is installed between work ports and
actuators, ABT open spool is available.
Spool Push-in
The neutral passage is closed. Oil flows from the parallel feeder, pushing open the load check valve,
to work port B. Oil returning to work port A flows into the low-pressure passage to return to the
reservoir. The spool is pushed back to the neutral position by the return spring.
Figure 1
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Spool Pull-out
The neutral passage is closed. Oil flows from the parallel feeder, pushing open the load check valve,
to work port A. Oil returning to work port B flows into the low-pressure passage to return to the
reservoir. The spool is pushed back to the neutral position by the return spring.
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Figure 1
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Combination Relief Valve Operation
1. Relief Valve
The work port pressure exceeds the pilot spring force, opening the pilot poppet to flow oil to the
tank port. The pressure difference between the front- and backsides of the main poppet caused by
the flow opens the main poppet to flow oil from the work port to the tank port. The mechanism
enables a compact design and better performance (smaller override) than a direct-type relief
valve.
2. Anti-cavitation (port relief)
When pressure on the port side is decreased lower than one on the tank side by cavitation, etc.,
the difference of the pressure receptive areas between the tank and work port sides of the main
poppet opens the main poppet to let oil flow from the tank side to the port side.
* The port relief valve of a combination type provides relief and anti-cavitation functions.
Figure 1
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Spool Operation and Return to Neutral Position
• Manual operation: Most small valves are manually operated with levers.
• Pilot operation: Most large-scale valves and multiple-valve-units for excavator and mini-excavator
applications use a pilot valve allowing light force or parallel operation.
• Solenoid-operation: On-off or proportional changeover of the spool can be performed using the
solenoid-operated valve.
• Return to neutral position
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