Elasticity 459

IS The energy stored by an elastic material Is the area under 5. A toy cart Is lied to the end of an unstretched string or length
the force-extension graph. The area under the stress-strain 'I' , when revolved, the toy cart moves In horizontal circle
graph gives the ener!l,I stored per unit volume. with radius '2/' and time period T. Jf it is speeded until it
moves in horizontal circle of radius '3r with period T1 ,
IS Thermal stress in a rod = Ya 6/J . It is independent of the
relation between T and T 1 is (Hooke's law is obeyed)
area or aoss sectlon or length or the wire [MHCET20 15 1
IS Breaking stress does not depend on the length or area or 2
cross section or the wire. However ii depends on the material or
(a) T1 = -/3 lb) T1 = ~T
the wire.
(d) T1 = -13 T
IS Breaking force depends on the area ol cross section. 2
IS If we double the radius or rope its breaking force becomes 6. One end or a horizontal thick oopper wire of length 2L and radius
four times. Bui the breaking stress remains unchanged. 2R is welded to an end of another horizontal thin oopper wire or
length L and radius R. When the arrangemert is stretched by a
IS If a beam or rectangular cross-s ection is loaded Its
applying forces at two ends. the ratio or the eJongation in the thin
depression al the beam is inversely proportional to the cube ol wire to that in the thick wire is [JEE (Adnnud) 20 13 J
thickness. (a) 0 25 (b) 0.50
(c) 2.00 (d) 4.00
IS II a beam or circular cross-section is loaded. its depression
mg/
Is Inversely proportional to the fourth power or radius . I e. 7. Y = - 2- formula would give Y if mg is doubled
!IT L
6 .. _!_ [MP PMT 2009. JO)
r4
(a) 2Y (b) y
2
(c) Y (d ) Zero
(~ Ordinary Thinking 8. II the interatomic spacing in a steel wire is 3.0A and
Y....., = 20x1010 N / m2 then force constant is
Objective Questions
(RPET 200 1; MP PET 2013)
Young's Modulus and Breaking Stress (a) 6xl0-2 N/ A (bl 6xl0-9 N/ A
I. Two wires are made or the same material and have the (c) 4 x lO~ N / A (d ) 6x10~ N / A
same volume. However wire 1 has cross.sectional area A
9, Two similar wires under the same load yield elongation of
and wire 2 has cross-sectlonal area 3A. II the length of wire
1 Increases by rue on applying force F. how much force is 0 .1 mm and 0 .05 mm respectively. If the area of cross-
needed to stretch wire 2 by the same amount sedion or the first wire is 4mm2 then the area of cross
(AIEEE 2009; NE.ET 2018 ) section ol the second wire is (CPMT 2000; Pb. PET 2002)

(al F (bl 4 F (al 6mm 2 (b) 8mm 2

2
(cl 6F (d l 9F (cl 10mm (d ) 12mm2
2. A steel rod has a radius R =9 .5mm and length L = 81cm. 10. Write Copper, Steel, Glass and Rubber In order ol
increasing coemdenl ol elasticity [MP PET 2008)
A force F"' 6 .2x 10 4 N stretches it along its length. What Is
(al Steel, Rubber, Copper, Glass
the stress in the rod [AMU (En99.) 2012 )
(bl Rubber, Copper. Glass, Steel
(a l 0 .95x l0 8 N / m 2 (bl 1 l x 10 8 N /m 2 (c) Rubber, Glass, Steel, Copper
(cl 2 .2x10 8 N / m 2 (d ) 3 .2xl08 Nm 2 (d) Rubber, Glass, Copper, Steel
11. II the ratio ol diameters, leng1hs a nd Young's modulus of
3. The dimensions of four wires of the same material are given
below. In which wire the increase in length will be maximum steel and copper wires shown in the figure are p. q and s
when the same tension is applied respectively, then the corresponding ratio or increase in their
MPPMT 1997; AFMC 1997; MP PEr/PMT 1998: leng1hs would be [NEET(Kama.taka) 20 13]

MP PET 1999; WB-JEE 2012; NEET 2013) Sq

(a) (7sp2)
(a l Length 100 cm, Diameter l mm
(bl Length 200 cm, Diameter 2 mm 7q
(bl
(cl Leng1h 300 cm, Diameter 3 mm (5sp2)
(d l Length 50 cm, Diameter 0 .5 mm
(cl ~ Copper
4. Which is the most elastic [MP PMT 2009. 10) (Ssp)
(al Iro n (bl Copper 1q
(d)
(cl Quar1z (d l Wood (Ssp)
 460 Elasticity

12 . A stress or 3.18x l 011 Nm..:l Is applied to a steel rod or 19. A rope l cm m diameter breaks 1f tension in it exceeds 500
length lm a long Its length. lls Young's modulus is N. The maximum tension that may be given to a similar
rope of diameter 2 cm is £MH CET 201 5)
2x1011 Nm..:l. Then the elongation produced in the rod in
(a) 2000 N (b) 1000 N
mm is [J & K CET 2008]
(c) SOON (d ) 250N
(a) 3 .18 (b) 6.36
(c) 518 (d) 1.59 20. A steel wire of cross-sectional area 3 x10-6 m2 can
withstand a maximum strain of 10-3 . Young's modulus of
13 . Which one of the following statements Is wrong
sleel Is 2xl0 11 N / m 2 The maximum mass the wire can
[Kania PMT 2 008)
(a) Young's modulus for a perfedly rigid body Is zero hold is ITake g,. 10m/ s 2 ) (AM U (Engg.) 2009 )

(b) Bulk modulus is relevant for solids, liquids and gases (a) 40kg (bl 60kg
(c) Rubber is less elastic than steel (c) 80kg (d) 100kg
(d) The Young's modulus and shear modulus are relevant 2 1. How much force is required to produce an Increase of 0 .2 %
for solids in the length of a brass wire of diameter 0 .6 mm
(e) The stretching of a coil spring is determined by its shear (Young's modulus for brass= 0 .9x1011 N I m2 )
modulus £MP PMT 2000; BVP 2003)
14 . A 5 m long aluminium wire (Y = 7 x 10 10 N/m2) of diameter 3 (a) Nearly 17 N (bl Nearly 34 N
mm supports a 40 kg mass. In order to have lhe same (c) Nearly 51 N (d ) Nearly 68 N
elongation In a copper wire (Y= 12X 1010 N/rrtl of lhe same
22. Identify the fNCORRECT statement [Kaela PET 20 11 J
length under the same weight , the dlameter should now be,
in mm. [AMU 2000; MP PMT 2006]
(a) Young's modulus and shear modulus are relevant only
for solids
(al 1.75 (bl 1.5
(b) Bulk modulus is relevant for solids, liquids and gases
(c) 2 5 (d) 5 .0
(c) Alloys have larger values of Young's modulus than
15 . Two spring P and Q of force constants kP and metals
(d) Metals have large values of Young's modulus than
ki kq = ~) are stretched by applying forces of equal elastomers
l 2
(e) Stress is not a vedor quantity
magnitude If the energy stored in Q is E, then the energy
stored in Pis [Kenia PET 2009] 23. A copper wire of length 4 .0m and area or cross-section
(a) E (b) 2E 1.2 cm2 is stretched with a force of 4 .S x 103 N . U Young's

(c) E/8 (d) E/4 modulus for copper is l .2 x 1011 N I m2 • the increase in the
(el E/2 length of the wire will be £MP PET 20 01 )
16 . Two wires of the same material and same length but (a) 1.33 mm (bl 1.33 cm
diameters In the ratio 1 : 2 are stretched by the same force (c) 2 66 mm (d ) 2.66 cm
The potential energy per unit volume of lhe two wires will be 24. There are two wires of same material and same length while
in the ratio [Kaela PMT 201 I ) the diameter of second wire is 2 times the diameter of first
(al 1 : 2 (bl 4 : I wire. then ratio of extension prock.aced in the wires by
(d) l :l applying same load will be [DCE 2000, 03; Roorku 20001
(c) 2:l
(al 1 : 1 (bl 2 : 1
(e) 16 : 1
(c) 1:2 (d ) 4 : l
17. A rubber cord 10 m long Is suspended vertically. How much
25. In the Young's experiment. II length of wire and radius
does II stretch under Its own weight (Density of rubber is
1500 kg/m 1, Y = 5x l 0 8 N/m 2 , g = 10 m/s2) (Pb. PET2001)
both are doubled then the value of Y will become
[RPET2003 J
(a) 15x10-c m (b) 7.5xl0-C m
(a) 2 times lb) 4 times
(cl 12xl0-' m (d) 25x10-C m
(c) Remains same (d ) Half
18 . The Young's modulus of the material of a wire is equal to
26. A wire is stretched by 0 .01 m by a certain force F.
the [Kerata PMT 20091
Another wire of same material whose diameter and length
(a) Stress required to increase its length four times are double to the original wire is stretched by the same
(b) Stress required to produce unit strain force . Then its elongation will be [CMEET Blhu 1995 ;
(cl Strain produced In It EAMCET (E.n99.) 1995, 2000: CPMT 2001 J
(d) Half the strain produced in It (a) 0 005 m (bl 0.01 m
(e) Stress acting on it (c) 0 02 m (d) 0.002 m
 Elasticity 461

27. On applying a stress or 20x108 NJnil the length or a 37. A load W produces an extension o r 1mm in a thread of
perfedly elastic wire is doubled Its Young's modulus will be radius r . Now if the load is made 4W and radius Is made 2r
[MP PET 2000) all other things remaining same, the extension will become
(RPEf 2000)
(a l 40x10 8 N / m2 (bl 20xla8N / m 2
(a) 4 mm (b) 16 mm
(c) 10x108 N / m 2 (d ) 5x108 N / m2
(c) 1 mm (d ) 0.25mm
28. Which one of the following statements is corred? In the case
or [Kuala PET 20 10 ) 38. According to Hooke's law forc.e is proportional to
(a) Shearing stress there is change in volume (RPET2003 J

(bl Tensile stress there is no change in volume

(c) Shearing stress there is no change in shape
(a)
X
(bl -;z
(d) Hydraullc stress there is no change in volume (c) X (d ) x2
(el Tensile stress there is no change in shape 39. A steel ring of radius r and cross-section area 'A' is fitted on
29. Which or the following substances has the highest elasticity to a wooden disc of radius R(R > r ) . If Young's modulus be
[KCEf 20 10) E, then the force with which the steel ring is expanded is
(a) Sponge (b) Steel (MP PMT 2013)
(cl Rubber (d ) Copper
30. A wire of diameter 1mm breaks under a tension of 1000 N (a) AE!!_
r
Another wire. of same material as that of the rrrst one. but of
diameter 2 mm breaks under a tension of(Odlm• JEE 2 0031 Er
(a) 500 N (bl 1000 N (d) AR
(c) 10000 N (d l 4000 N
40. Which one of the following substances possesses the highest
31. Young's modulus or perlectly rigid body material is elasticity (RPMT 1999; RPET 2000;
[KCET 2003; MP PET 2012)
MH CET (Med.) 2001; We.JEE 2008)
(a ) Zero (b) Infinity
(a) Rubber (b ) Glass
(cl lx1010 N I m2 (d ) 10xl010 N / m2
(c) Steel (d) Copper
32. If longitudinal strain for a wire is 0 .03 and its Poisson·s ratio 41. Young's modulus of the wire depends on (Odisha JEE 2010)
is 0 .5. then its lateral strain is [J & K CET 2006)
(a) Length of the wire
(a) 0 .003 lb) 0 .0075
{b) Diameter or the wire
(c) 0.QJ5 (d) 0 4
A wire of length L is hanging from a fixed support. The (c) Material of the wire
33.
length changes to L 1 and L2 when masses M 1 and M2 (d) Mass hanging from the wire
are suspended respectively from its free end Then L is equal 42. The breaking stress of a wire depends upon
lo (Odima JEE 2010; WB-JEE 20 15 , 16) (AIIMS 2002; MP PMT 2012)
(a) Leng1h of the wire
lb) JL1Lz (bl Radius of the wire
(c) L1M2 + L2M1 (d ) L1M2 -L2M1 (c) Material of the wire
M1 +M2 M2 - M1 (d) Shape of the cross section
34. The length or an elastic string is a metre when the 43. In steel. the Young's modulus and lhe strain al the breaking
longitudinal tension is 4 N and b metre when the point are 2xl0 11 Nm-2 and 0 .15 respedlvely. The stress at
longitudinal tension is 5 N. The length or the siring in meJre the breaking point for steel is therefore
when the longltudinal tension is 9 N is
(DPMT 200 I ; AIIM S 2010)
(EAM CET 2001 ; Kuala PET 2007)
(a) a-b (bl 5b-4o
11
(a) 1.33x10 Nm-2 (b) l.33x10 12 Nm-2
1
(c) 2b- - a (d ) 4a-3b
(c) 7.Sxl0- 13 Nm-2 (d) 3xl0 10 Nm-2
4
44. After effects of elasticity are maximum for
35. Stress to strain ratio is equivalent to [RPET 2001 I
(a) Glass (b ) Quartz
(a) Modulus of elasticity (b) Poission·s Ratio
(c) Rubber (d ) Metal
(cl Reynold number (d ) Fund number
36. A wire elongates by / mm when a load W is hanged from It. 45. The mean distance between the atoms of iron is Jx10- 10 m
If the wire goes over a pulley and two weights W each are and lnteratomlc force constant for iron is 7 N f m. The
hung al the two ends, the elongation of the wire will be (in Young's modulus of elasticity for Iron Is (J IPMER 2002)
mm) (AIEEE 2006)
5 2 10
(a) 2/ (bl Zero (a) 2.33x10 N / m (b ) 23.3xl0 N/m2

(c) // 2 (d) (c) 233>< 10 10 N / m2 (d) 2 .33x 10 10 NI m2

 462 Elasticity

46. A wire of length L and radius r is rigidly fixed at one end 53. Young's modulus of rubber Is 1()4 N/m2 and area of cross-
On stretching the other end of the wire with a force F, the section is 2 ~ - If force of 2x1~ dynes is applied along its
lnaease ln its length is /. If another wire of same material but length, then its inittal length L becomes
of length 2L and radius 2r is stretched with a force of 2F, the (a) 3L (b) 4L
maease in its length will be
(c) 2L (d) None of the above
(MP PMT 1996, 2002; RPMT 1999; UPSEAT 2002;
Odisha JEE 2009; AUMS 20 10; MP PET 2013] 54. The Young's modulus of a metal is 2x10 12 dyne / cm 2 and
(a) (b) 2/ its breaking stress is l1000kg / cm 2 • In case or longitudinal
(cl / (d) .!_ strain the maximum energy that can be stored per cubic
2 4 metre or this metal Is approximately (Assume g z 10m / s 2 )
47. A unifonn plank of Young's modulus Y Is moved over a
(WlhlEE 20 16]
smooth horizontal surface by a constant horizontal force F
The area of cross section of the plank Is A. The compressive (a) 58 28x 105 J (b) 3025 x 105 J
strain on the plank in the direction of the force is (c) 37 15x105 J (d) 15.15>< 10 5 J
(Kerala PET 2002]
Work Done in Stretching a Wire
(a) F J AY (bl 2F/AY
-----
1. A metalic rod of length / and cross-sectional area A is made
(c) ½(F / AY) (d) 3F / AY
of a material of Young modulus Y. If the rod Is elongated by
3
48. A wire of length 2 m is made from 10 cm of copper. A an amount y, then the work done is proportional to
force F is applied so that its length increases by 2 mm. fDCE 20091
Another wire of length 8 m Is made from lhe same volume (a) y (b) 1/ y
of copper. If lhe force F Is applied to II, ils length will
inaease by [MP PET 2003] (c) Yz (d ) l / y2
(a) 0 8 an (b) 1.6 cm
2. The work done In stretching an elastic wire per unit volume
(c) 2.4 an (d) 3.2 cm
Is or strain energy in a stretched string is
49. A rubber cord catapult has cross-sectional area 25 mm 2 and
(EAMCET (Me_d .) 1995; RPMT 1999; DCE 2003)
initial length of rubber cord is 10 cm . It is stretched lo 5 cm
(a) Stress x Strain (b) 1/2 x Stress x Strain
and then released to project a missile of mass Sgm. Taking
(c) 2 X strain X stress (d ) Stress/Strain
Y...- = 5x108 N /m 2 velocity of projected missile Is
3. Calculate the work done, if a wire is loaded by 'Mg' weight
(CPMT2002]
and the increase in length Is 'T
(a) 20 ms- 1 (b) 100 ms- 1
(CPMT 1999; OCE 1999, 2001 ; RPMT 2000:
(c) 250 ms- 1 (d) 200ms-1 Pb. PET 2000, 01 ; BCECE 2006)
50. A wire of aoss section 4 mm2 Is stretched by 0.1 mm by a (a) Mg/ (b) Zero
certain weight. How far (length ) wlU be wire of same
(cl Mgl/2 (d) 2Mg/
material and length but of area 8 mm2 s trelch under the
action of same force (Kuala PMT 2004; Odlsha JEE 2012] 4. A steel wire can support a maximum load of W before
(a ) 0.05 mm (b) 0.10 mm reaching its elastic Limit. How much load can another wire.
(cl 0.15 mm (d) 0 ..20 mm made out of identical steel bul with a radius one half the
5 1. According to Hooke's law o f elasticity, if stress is increased radius or the frrst wire. support before reaching its elastic
the ratio of stress to strain [K CET 2000 : AJIMS 2001 ] limit (J & K CET 20 12)
(a) lnaeases (b) Deaeases
(a) W (bl W/ 2
(cl Becomes zero (d) Remains constant
A metal bar of length L and area of cross-section A Is (c) W/4 (d) 4W
52.
clamped between two rigid s upports . For the material of the 5. A wire of initial length L and radius r ls s1retched by a length
rod, its Young's modulus is Y and coefficient of linear f • Another wire o f same material but with Initial length 2L
expansion is a . If the temperature of the rod is increased by
and radius 2r is stretched by a length 21 . The ratio or the
6'°C, the force exerted by the rod on the supports Is
stored elastic energy per unit volume in the first and second
(MP PMT 20011
wire Is [WB-JEE 2013]
(a) YALdl (b) YA aM
(a) 1 : 4 (bl 1 : 2
Yl.£0!
(c) (d) YaALM (c) 2 : 1 (d) 1 : 1
A
 EJastkity 463

6. The elastic energy stored per unil volume In a strelched wire 14. The work per unit wlume 10 stretch the length by 1 % of a
is IMH CET 2003; J & K CET 20 IOJ wire with cross sectional area of lmm2 will be. [Y=9x 1011
N/rrt2) [RPET 1999: Kenia PET 2009)
(a) ½(Youngmodulus)(Strain) 2 (a) 9x 1011 J (bl 4 .Sx 107 J
(cl 9xl07 J [d l 4.Sxl011 J
(b) ½(Stress)(Strain) 2 15. If x longitudinal strain is produced in a wire of Young's
modulus y , then energy stored in the material of the wire per
1 Stress unit wlume ls [CPMT 1997;
(cl - - - Pb. PMT 1999; KC£T 2000; AIIMS 2001 )
2 Strain
1 (a) yx2 [bl 2}0'2
(dl (Young modulus)(Stress)
2 (c) .!. rx Id ) ½yx 2
7. An elastic material or Young's modulus Y is subjected to a 2
stress S. The elastic energy stored per unit volume of the 16. The elastic energy stored in a wire of Young's modulus Y is
material is [MP PMT 1996; A IIMS 1997; Odlsha JEE 2011 ) [MP PMT 1999)

2Y s2 Strain 2
(a) Y x - - -
(a) s2 (bl 2Y Volume
(bl Stress x Strain x Volume
s 52
(c) 2Y (d) y Stress 2 x Volume
(c) 2Y
8. Wires A and 8 are made from the same material. A has
twice the diameter and three times the length ol 8 . If the (dl .!. Y x Stress x Strain x Volume
2
elastic llmits are not reached, when each is stretched by the
17. If a spring extends by x on loading, then the energy stored
same tension. the ratio of energy stored in A to that in 8 is by the spring is (if T is tension in the spring and k Is spring
[Kerala PMT 2004) constant) [AIIMS 1997)
(a) 2: 3 (bl 3: 4 T2 72
(cl 3: 2 (d) 6: 1 (a) 2x lb) k
9. A wire suspended vertically from one of its ends is stretched 2
by attaching a weight of 200 N to the lower end The weight 2x zr2
(cl T2 (d ) k
stretches the wire by 1mm. Then the elastic energy stored in
the wire Is [AIEEE 2003) 18. When a force is applied on a wire of uniform cross-sectional
(a) 0.1 J (bl 0.2 J area 3x lo-' ml and length 4m, the inaease in length is 1
(c) !OJ (d) 20J mm. Energy stored in it wiU be (Y = 2x 10 11 N/m2)
IMP PET 1995; Pb. PET2002)
10. A wire of length L and cross-sectional area A Is made of a
(a) 6250J (b) 0. 177 J
material o r Young's modulus Y. It ls stretched by an amount (cl 0 .075J (d ) 0. IS0J
x. The work done (or energy stored) is
[MP PET 1996, 09; UPSEAT 2001 : BVP 2003; Bulk Modulus
Keraln PET 2007; AMU PMT 2009)
YxA Yx 2A I. The isothermal elasticity of a gas ls equal to [MP PMT 2004)
(a) 2L (bl L (a) Density (b) Volume
(cl Ptessure (d ) Specific heat
Yx 2 A 2Yx 2 A 2. If the wlume of a block of aluminum is decreased by 1 %,
(c) 2L (d) L
lhe presswe (stress) on its surface is increased by (BuJk
1). Young's modulus of the material of a wire is Y . On pulling modulusof A/=7.5xl0 10 Nm-2 ) IKeralaPET 2008)
the wire by a force F, lhe increase in its length is x. The
(al 7.5x10 10 Nm-2 (b) 7.5xl08 Nm-2
potential energy of the stretched wire Is IBHU 2006)
1 1 (cl 7.5xl0 6 Nm -2 (d ) 7.5xl0 4 Nm-2
(a) - Fx lb) - Yx 2
2 2 (e) 7.5x10 Nm-2

(cl .!. Fx2 (dl None of these 3. The approximate depth of an ocean is 2700 m. The
2 compressibility of water is 45 x 10-11 Po-1 and density of
12. Which of the foUowing is true for elastic potential energy water is 103 kg I m3 . What fractional compression of water
density [RPET 2001 ]
will be obtained at the bottom of the ocean
(a) Energy density = 1/2xstrainx stress [AIPMT (Cance_Ued) 2015)
(b) Energy density = (strain)2 x volume (al l.0xl0..z (bl 12xl0..z
(cl Energy density= (strain)x volume
(c) l.4x10-2 (d) 0 .Sx l0-2
(dl Energy density= (stresslx volume
4. The only elMtic modulus that applies to fluids is
13. A stretched rubber has [AIIMS 2000) IBCECE 2003]
(al Increased kinetic energy (bl Increased po1enlial energy (a) Young's modulus (b) Shear modulus
(cl Decreased klnellc energy (dl Deaeased potential energy (c) Modulus or rigidity (d ) Bulk modulus
 464 Elasticity

5. Choose the wrong statement (Kerala PET 2012) 13. A uniforrn cube is subjected lo volume compression. If each
(a) The bulk modulus for solids is much larger than for side is decreased by 1% . then bulk strain is
liquids [EAMCET (£ngs.) 1995; DPMT 2000)
(bl Gases are least compressible (a) 0.01 (bl 0.06
(c) The incompressibility or the solids ls due lo the light (c) 0.02 (dl 0.03
coupling between neighbouring atoms 14. The compressibility of water Is 6 x 10- 10 N- 1 ,,i2. II one litre
(di The reciprocal of the bulk modulus ls called
compressibility is subjected lo a pressure of 4 x 107 N m..z, the decrease in
(e) For a system in equilibrium, the value or bulk modulus its volume is (Kt!rllla PET 20 I.OJ
is always positive (a) 2.4cc (bl 10cc
6. To what depth below the sudace of sea should a rubber ball (cl 24cc (dl 15cc
be taken as lo decrease its volume by 0.1 % £Take: density
(e) 12cc
or sea water=lOO0kgm..J. Bulk modulus of rubber=9xl03
Nm"2: acceleration due lo gravity= 10 ms-2) 15. The isothermal bulk modulus of a gas at atmospheric
(Kuala PMT 2006) pressure is [KCET 1999; AJIMS 2000; Pb. PMT 2003)
(a) 9 m (bl 18 m (al I mm of Hg (bl 13.6 mm or Hg
(c) 180 m (d) 90 m
(cl l.013x105 N / m2 (d l 2.026xl0 5 N / m2
7. If an anisotropic solid has coefficients of linear expansion
a. , a, and a, for three mutually perpendicular directions 16. Coelndenl or isotherrnal elasticity £11 and coemclenl of
in the solid, its coefficient of volume expansion will be adiabatic elastidly £• are related by (y = CP /C0 )
(AMU (Mt!d.) 2012) (MP PET 2000)
(a) (a_.a. a, )113 (bl a_. + a, + a. (al £ 8 =yE, (bl E, =yE8

8.
(c) (tr.,. +a'!:+ .
, rr.1112 (dl (J;; + J;_;; + J;:)2
The ratio of hyaaulic stress to the corresponding strain ls 17.
(cl E8 = rl E• (dl E, = IE.
The bulk modulus of an ideal gas al constant temperature
(MP PMT 2004)
known as (KC ET 2015)
(a) Bulk modulus (b) Rlgidlty modulus (al ls equal to its volume V (bl ls equal to p / 2
(c) Compressibillly (dl Young's modulus (cl ls equal to its pressure p (d) Can not be determined
9. An increase in pressure of 100 kPa causes a certain volume 18 . The Bulk modulus for an incompressible liquid is
(BH U 2004 )
of water to decrease lo Sxl0-3 percent of its original (a) Zero (bl Unity
volume The speed of sound (compressional waves) in waler (c) Infinity (d) Between O lo I
is dose to (AMU (Mt!d.) 2012) 19 . The bulk modulus of a spherical objed Is '8 ' If II ls subjected
(a) 1000m/ s (b) 1200,n/ s lo unifom, pressure 'P , the fractional decrease in radius Is
(cl 1400ml s (d) 1700ml s [NEET2017)

10 . When a pressure of 100 atmosphere is applied on a (al P (bl B

spherical ball, then ,ts volume reduces lo 0.01 % . The bulk B 3p
modulus or the material of the rubber in dyne I cm 2 ls (cl 3p (dl ..E....
[DPMT2002) B 3B
20. A solid sphere of radius r made of a soft material of bulk
(a) 10xl012 (bl 100x10 12
modulus K is surrounded by a liquid in a cylindrical
(cl lxl012 (dl 20x1012
container. A massless piston of area a floats on the surface
11. oc
An external pressure Pis applied on a cube at 0 so that
or the liquid, covering entire cross section or cylindrical
it is equally compressed from all sides, K Is the bulk modulus
container. When II mass m is placed on the surface of the
of the material or the aJbe and a Is Its coelfldenl of linear piston 10 compress the liquid, the fractional decrement in the
expansion. S uppose we want lo bring the cube to 11s original
sJz.e by healing. The temperature should be raised by
(JEE (Main) 2017)
radius of the sphere. ( d:). is: (JEE (Maln) 2018)

p
(al 3PKa (b) 3aK (a) Ka (bl mg
3mg 3Ka
p 3a Ka
(c) aK (d) PK (cl mg (d)
Ka mg
12 . The average depth or Indian ocean is about 3000m. The
fractional compression, A: of waler al the bottom of the Rigidity Modulus
ocean (given that the bulk modulus of the water I. A material has Poisson's ratio 0.50 Jr a uniforrn rod of it
n22 x l09 Nm..z and g=l0ms..zl Is [KeralaPET2011 ) suffers a longitudinal strain or 2 x I o-:i . Ihen the percentage
(a) o 82% !bl 0.91 % change in volume is (WB-JEE 2009)
(cl 1 36% (dl 1.24% (al O 6 (bl 0.4
(e) 1.52% (c) 0.2 (dl Zero
 EJasticity 4 6 5

2. There is no change in the volume of a wire due to change In

its length on stretching. The Poisson's ratio of the material ol
the wire is [MH CET 2004 ) ~ Critical Thinking
(a) + 0.50 (b) 0.50
(cl 025 (d) - 025 Objective Questions
3. Which statement is true for a metal (DPMT 200 I )
la) Y < f/ lb) Y =f/ l. A light rod of length 2m suspended from the ceiling
(cl Y > f/ Id ) Y < 1/f/ horizontally by means of two vertical wires of equal length.
4. For most materials lhe Young's modulus is n limes the A weight W Is hung from a light rod as s hown in figure. The
rigidity modulus, where n is [Ker•t• PMT 2 0 l OJ rod hung by means of a steel wire or cross-sectional area
(~ 2 (~ 3 A1 = 0.1cm2 and brass wire o f cross-sectional area
(cl 4 (d) 5 A 2 = 02 cm 2 • To have equal stress In bo1h wires, T1 / T2 =
(e) 6
5. The relation between y, T/ and K for a elastic material is - - - - - - - (Oduha JEE 2008)
(a) 1(.3
l 1 1 1 l 1
(a) -=-+- (b) -=-+- (b) 1/4 Steel
T/ 3y 9K K 3y 9f/ Brass
1 1 1 1 1 l (c) 413
(cl - = - +- (dl - =- + -
y 3K 9f/ r 3TJ 9K
(d) 1/l
6. Shearing stress causes change in 2. To break a wire, a forc.e of lCI" N/m2 is required. If the
(BCECE 2001, 04; RPET2002) density of the material is 3 x 103 kg/m3 • then the length o f lhe
(a l Length (bl Breadth wire which will break by its own weight will be (DPMT 2004)
(cl Shape (d ) Volume (a) 34 m (bl 30 m
7. The value of Poisson's ratio lies between (cl 300 m (d) 3 m
(DPMT 2002; MP PMT 20 13)
3. Two rods of different materials having coefficients of linear
(a) - 1 to .!. (b) -~to _ _!. expansion a1,trz and Young's moduli Y1 and Y2 respectively
2 4 2 are fixed between two rigid massive walls. The rods are
1 heated such that they undergo the same inaease in
(cl - - to l (d l I to 2
2 temperature. There is no bending or rods. If a1:trz =2 : 3, the
8. II the Young's modulus of the material is 3 times its modulus thermal stresses developed in the two rods are equally
of rigidity, then its volume elasticity will be provided Y1 : Y2 is equal lo £MP PET 2006)
(a l Zero (b) Infinity (a) 2 : 3 (bl 1 : l
(cl 2xl010 N/m2 (d l 3x l010 N/m2 (c) 3 2 (d) 4 : 9
9. Modulus of rigidity of a liquid (RPET 2000) 4. Two Young's modulus of steel is twice that of brass. Two
(a ) Non zero constant (b) Infinite wires of same length and of same area of aoss section, one
(cl Zero (dl Can not be predlcted of steel and another of brass are suspended from the same
JO. For a given ma1erial, the Young's modulus Is 2.4 times that roof. If we want the lower ends of the wires to be al the
of rigidity modulus. 11s Poisson's ratio is (RPET 200 l ) same level, then the weights added lo the steel and brass
(a) 2.4 (b) 1.2 wires must be in the ratio of (AIPMT 2015)
(cl O 4 (d l 0.2 (a) 2 I (bl 4 : l
11. Minimum and maximum values of Poisson's ratio for a (c) 1 : I Id ) 1 : 2
metal lies between (Odisha JEE 2003) 5. A melal rod ol length ' L' , aoss-sedlonal area ' A' , Young's
(al - to + - (bl O to 1 modulus ' Y ' and coefficient of linear expansion ' a' is
(cl - lo I (d l O to 0.5 heated to ' 1' 0 c.The work that can be performed by the
12 . Which is correct relation [RPET200 1] rod when heated is [MH CET 2015)
(a) Y < CT (b) Y > CT
(a)
YAal.J 2
(bl
YAa2 u2
(cl Y=CT (dl CT•+! 2 2
13. The lower surface of a cube is fhled On its upper surface,
force is applied at an angle of 30° from its surface. The (d ) YAal.J
2
change will be of the type
(a ) Shape (bl Size 6. A partJde of mass m is under the influence of a rorc.e F
(cl None (d) Shape and size which varies with the displacement x according to the
14 . Mark the wrong statement (MP PMT 2003) relation F = -kx + F0 in which k and F0 are constants. The
(a l Sliding of molecular layer is much easier than particle when disturbed will oscillate (UPSEAT 2001 )
compression or expansion
(b) Reciprocal of bulk modulus of elasticity is called (a ) about x = 0, with a,"' Jk I m
compressibility (b) about x = 0, with a,= Jk Im
(cl II is difficult to twist a long rod as compared lo small
rod (c) about x = F0 I k with w = Jk Im
(d ) Hollow shaft is much stronger than a solid rod of same
length and same mass (d ) about x = F0 /k with w ~ Jk I m
 466 Elasticity

7. When a spring is stretched by a distance x, ii exerts a force, 12. A wooden wheel of radius R is made of two .... -semicircular
..
given by F=(-5x-16x3)N. The work done. when the spring parts (see figure) The two parts are -~--- ····••..•
·
held together by a ring made of a
is stretched from 0 .1 m to 0.2 m is (UP CPMT 2006) metal strip of cross sectional area S .-· / \
(al 8.7xl0-2 J lb) 12 2x10-2 J and length L L is slightly less than i /R :
(c) 8.7x10·1 J (d) 122x10· 1 J
2nR To fit the ring on the wheel, It \ \ \ .I}/
is heated so that ils temperature -..~/
8. A student performs an experiment to determine the Young's rises by tJ.T and ii just steps over ·- ••...•.. •
the wheel As it cools down to surrounding temperature, ii
modulus of a wire, exactly 2 m long. by Searle's method. In presses the semicircular pans together. If the coefficient of
a particular reading, the student measures the extension in linear expansion of the metal is a. and i1s Young's modulus
is Y, the force that one part of the wheel applies on the
the length o r the wire to be 0.8 mm with an uncertainty of±
other part Is (AIEEE 2012I
0 .05 mm al a load of exadly 1.0 leg • The student also (a) 2A:SYtnT (b) SYatJ.T
(c) nSYaAT (d) 2SYtmT
measures the diameter of the wire to be O4 mm with an 13 . A uniform cyUnder of length L and mass M having cross -
uncertainty of ± 0.01mm. Take g=-9.8 m/~ (exact) . The sectional area A is suspended. with its leng1h vertical, from
Young's modulus obtained from the reading Is (IIT.JEE 2007) a fixed point by a massless spring such that it Is half
submerged in a Uquid of density u al equilibrium posiUon.
(a) (2.0±0.3)xl011 N/m2 (b) (2 .0±02lx1011 N/m2 The extension Xo of the spring when ii is in equilibrium is
(JEE (Main) 2013)
(cl (2.0±0. J)xl011 N/m2 (d) (2 .0±005l x10 11 N/m2
9. A pan with set of weights is attached with a light spring. When
(al Mg
k
(b) ~u)
~9 ( 1-
disturbed. the mass-spring system oscillates with a time period
of 0.6 s. When some addltional weighlS are added then time (c) ~
9(1-1::) (d) ~g(1+ L:,u)
period is 0. 7 s. The extension caused by the additional 14. Identify the raise s1alement (Kerala PMT 2012)
weighls is approximately given by (UPSEAT 2002) (al Young's modulus of rubber is greater than that of s1eel
(bl The stretching of a coil is determined by shear modulus
(a) 1.38cm (b) 3 .5 cm (c) Etas1omers do not obey Hooke's law
(cl 1.75 cm (d) 2.45cm (dl Stress is a vedor quantity
(e) Metals have larger values of Young's modulus than
10. If lhe ratio of lengths. radii and Young's modulus of steel alloys
and bra.ss wires shown in the figure are a, b and c. 15. A rod of length L at room lempe:rature and uniform area of
cross section A. is made of a metal having coefficient of
respectively. The ratio between the increase in lengths of
linear expansion a I "C. II is observed that an external
brass and steel wires would be [EAMCET 200 9) compressive force F. is applied on each of i1s ends, prevents
2
b a any change in the length of the rod, when its temperature
(a) 2c rises by 11 T K. Young's modulus, Y , for this metal Is
[JEE (Main) 2019)
(bl .2E_ F F
2a 2 (al 2Aa.ff (bl Aa(!iT- 2731
ba2 F 2F
(cl (cl Aat.T (dl AtmT
2c
16. A load of mass M kg is suspended from a steel wire of length
a 2 m and radius 1 0 mm in Searie's apparatus experiment.
(dl 2b2c
The increase in length produced in lhe wire Is 4.0 mm. Now
11. A wire of length 2L and radius r is stretched between A and the load Is fully immersed in a liquid of relative density 2.
The relative density of the material of load is 8. The new
B without the application of any tension. If Y is the Young's value of increase in length of the steel wire is
modulus of the wire and ii is stretched like ACB. then the [JEE (Main) 2019)
(al 4 0 mm (b) 3.0 mm
tension in the wire will be (MPPET2011 ) (c) bro (d) 5.0 mm
17. A boy's catapult is made of rubber cord which Is 42 cm
long, with 6 mm diameter of cross-section and of negligible
mass The boy keeps a stone weighing 0.02kg on II and
stretches the cord by 20 cm by applying a constant force.
When released. the stone flies off with a velocity of 20ms- 1 •
nr2Yd3 Neglect the change in the area of cross-section of the cord
(a) while stretched. The young's modulus of rubber Is closest to
2L2 (JEE (Main) 2019)
nr 2Y -2L2 (al 104 Nm-' (bl 108 Nm- 2
(c)
d2 (cl 106 Nm 4 (d) 103 Nm-2
 Elasticity 467

18. A steel wire having a radius of 2.0 mm, carrying a load o r 4 2. The stress versus strain graphs for wires of two materials A
kg. Is hanging from a ceiling. Given that g=3.l,rms-2, and B are as shown in the ngure. If Y11 and Y8 are the
what will be the tensile stress that would be developed in the Young 's modulii of the materials, then [Kerala (Engg.) 2001]
wire (JEE (Main) 2019 ]
(a) Y8 = 2Y11 y
(a) 4•.8 x 106 Nm-2 (b l 5.2x106 Nm-2
(cl 6.2 x 106 Nm-2 (dl 3 l x l 06 Nm -2 A
(b) Y11 • Y8
19. Young's moduli of low wires A and 8 are in the ratio 7: 4.
If
Wire A Is 2m long and has radius R Wire B is 1.5 m long ! 8
and has radius 2 mm. Ir the two wires stretch by the same en
length for a given load. then the value of R is close lo
(JEE (Main) 2019] X
Strain
(al 1.9 mm (bl 1.7 mm
3. The load versus e longation graph for four wires o f lhe same
(cl 1.5 mm (d) 1.3 mm
20 . The elastic limit o f brass is 379Mpa. What should be the mat"erial is shown in the figure. The thickest wire is
minimum diameter of a brass rod if ii is to support a 400 N represented by the line [KCET2001 )
load without exceeding its elastic limit (JEE (Main) 2019)

~~A
(a) 1 16 mm (bl 0.90 mm
(cl 1.36 mm (d ) 1.00 mm
2 1. In an experiment. brass and steel wires of length 1 m each
with area of aoss section lmm 2 are used. The wires are
connected In series and one end of the combined wire is
connected to a rigid support and other end Is subjected to
elongation. The stress required to produce a net elongation 0 Elongation
of 0.2 mm is (a) OD (b) OC
(Given, the Young·s Modulus for steel and brass are (c) OB (d) OA
respectively. 120x109 N / m2 and 60x 109 N / m2 ) 4. The adjacent graph shows the extension (Al) of a wire of
(JEE (Main) 20 I 9) length lm suspend ed from the top of a roof at one end with
(a) 0.2x106 N / m 2 (b l 8.0x10 6 N / m 2 a load W connected to the other end. II the cross sectional
(c) 18x106 N / m 2 (d) 1.2x106 N / m 2 area of the wire Is 10-6 m2 , calculate the young's modulus
22. When a block of mass M Is suspended by a long win? of of the material of the wire
length L. the length of the wire become (L+/]. The elastic [ HT.JEE (Scree.nlng) 2003; AIIMS 2008)
potential energy stored in the extended wire is (NEET 2019]
(a) Mg/ (b) MgL E 4 ----~ ------:
---
1 1 .- 3 ----- - --- - ' :
(cl Mgl Id ) MgL
2 2 ~ 2 ·····--. : :
X f l •

w 1 ... I : l !
fQ Graphical Questions (a) 2x10 11 N/m 2
: I :

20 40 60 80
f

W(N)
(b l 2x10-11 N I m2
Objective Questions (c) 3x10-12 N / m2 (d) 2xJ0- 13 N / m2

LL
1. The diagram s_hows a force-extension graph for a rubber 5. The graph s hows the behaviour o f a length o f wire In the
region for which the substance obeys Hooke's law. P and Q
band Consider the following statements [AMU 2001 ]
represent (AMU 200 1I
=
(a) P = applied force , Q extension
(bl P; extension, Q ; appUed force Q

(c) P = extension, Q = stored elastic energy

(d) P = s tored elastic energy, Q = extension P
Foroe 6. Copper of fixed volume V is drawn Into wire of length I.
I. It will be easier to compress this rubber than expand ii When this wire Is subjeded to a constant force F, the
II Rubber does not return lo its original lenglh after ii is extension produced in the wire is 6/. Which of the following
stretched
graphs is a straight line (CBSE PMT 2014)
Ill The rubber band will gel heated If it Is stretched and
released I
(a ) t.l versus 2 (b) Al versus /
Which of these can be deduced from the graph I
(a) Ill only (b ) II and Ill 1
(c) 13.1 versus (d) 13.1 versus / 2
(cl I and m (d ) 1only 1
 468 Elasticity

I{_ Assertion & Reason

-- hr Al/MS Aspiro"'6
Read the assertion and reason carefully to mark the oorrect option
out of the options given below:
(a) If bolh assertion and reason are troe and the reason is the
oorreci explanation of the assertion.
(b) If bot/1 assertion and reason are lroe but reason Is not the
oorrect explanation of the assertion.
(c} If assenion is 1rue but reason fs false.
(d) If the assertion and reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.
I. Assertion The stretching of a coil is determined by its
shear modulus.
Reason Shear modulus change only shape of a body
keeping its dime~ions unchanged.
2. Assertion Spring balances show correct readings even
after they had been used for a long lime
interval.
Reason On using for long time, spring balances losses
113 elastic strength.
3. Assertion Steel Is more elastic than rubber
Reason Under given deforming force, steel Is
deformed less than rubber.
4. Assertion Glassy solids have sharp melting point
Reason The bonds between the atoms of glassy solids
get broken at the same temperature.
5. Assertion A hollow shaft is found to be stronger than a
solid shaft made of same material.
Reason The torque required lo produce a given twist
in hollow cylinder Is greater than that
required to twist a solid cylinder of same size
and material
6. Assert.ion Bulk modulus of elasticity (I<) represents
incompresst"bility of the material
Reason Built modulus of elasticity is proportional lo
change In pressure
7. Assertion Stress is the internal force per unit area of a
body.
Reason Rubber is less elastic than steel
8. Assertion The bridges are declared unsafe after a long
use.
Reason Elastic strength of bridges deaeases with
time.
9. Assertion Two Identical solid balls, one or Ivory and the
other or wet-day are dropped from the same
height on the floor. Both the balls will rise lo
same height after bouncing
Reason Ivory and wet-clay have same elasticity.
10. Assertion Young's modulus for a perfectly plastic body
is zero.
Reason For a perfectly plastic body. restoring force is
zero.
11. Assertion Identical springs of Sleel and copper are
e~ally s1relched More work will be done on
the steel spring.
Reason Steel Is more elastic than copper.
 Young's Modulus and Breaking Stress
d 2 C 3 d 4 C 5 d
C 7 C 8 b 9 b 10 d
11 b 1 12 d 13 a 14 C 15 e
16 e I 11 a 18 b 19 a 20 b

21 C 22 d 23 a 24 d 25 C

26 a 27 b 28 b 29 b 30 d
31 b 32 C 33 d 34 b 35 a
36 d 37 C 38 C 39 b 40 C

41 C 42 C 43 d 44 a 45 d
46 a 47 a 48 d 49 C 50 a
1 51 d 52 b 53 C 54 b

Work Done in Stretching a Wire

I1 C 2 b 3 C 4 C 5 d
6 a 7 b 8 b 9 a 10 C

a 12 a 13 b 14 b 15 d

I :: C 17 b 18 C

Bulk Modulus
__J

1 C 2 b 3 b 4 d 5 b

6 d 7 b 8 a 9 C 10 C

11 b 12 C 13 d 14 C 15 C

! 16 b 17 C 18 C 19 d 20 b

Rigidity Modulus
-

1 b 2 a 3 C 4 t, 5 d
6 C 7 a 8 b 9 C I 10 I d
11 d I 12 b 13 d I 14 C
I I
 Critical Thinking Questions
1 d 2 a 3 C 4 a 5 b

Is C 7 a 8 b 9 b 10 d
11 b 12 d 13 C 14 ad 15 C

16 b 17 C 18 d 19 b 20 a
21 b 22 C

Graphical Questions
1 a 2 d 3 a 4 a 5 C

Is d

Assertion and Reason

1 a 2 e 3 a 4 d 5 a
6 a 7 b 8 a 9 d 10 a
11 a
1
 Elasticity 469

IIT';-Y => r 2 oc ~
==~ Answers and Solutions
14. (c) / =

1-(Xt-)112 -( 7x10•0 ) 112

[F,L and/ are constant]

r1 - Y2 - 12xl010
2
Young's Modulus and Breaking Stress => r2 =l.5 x ( 7 )" = 1.145 mm:. dia
• = 229 mm.
12

1. (d) / = FL = FV
Ay A 2 y
[v=Ax L :. L = VA ] 15 . (e) Here, kq = fk
Acx:ordlng to Hooke's law
A2y/
F• - - :. FP • -kPxP
V
!e._ = ~~
2
:. FocA Fq = -kqxq =>
As cross sectional area of 2nd wire is 3 times therefore Fq kq Xq
9F force is required for same elongation FP = Fq [Given)
2. (c) Here, R=9 .5mm = 9.5x1O..J m
. 5!_ .,kq ....(i)
L =Blem= 8 I x l0-2 m, F = 6.2xl0 4 N .. Xq kp

_£_2 - 6 ·2 x 104 N
The stress in the rod is
nR 3.14x(9.5 x 10-3 m)2
Energy stored in a spring ls U = ½1oc2
=O.O22x l O10 N l m2 = 2.2 x1O 8 N /m 2 . !!£._- kex!2 -~x~ .. .!.
FL L L - 2
3. (d) Y = - - => I oc - oc - 2 Uq kqXq kq kp 2
A I A taJ
L => up = ~U2 E
2
=- [:. Uq .. EJ .
:. '°'2 {As F and Y are constant)
d
16. (e) Potent.iai energy per unit volume or the wire is
The ratio ol ~ is maximum for case (d). l (Stress) 2 l S2
d U= =--
2 Young's modulus 2 Y

6. (c) Y= (~)
~
... (i) and Y=(:J
~
...(ii)
Force
As stress. S = - -
Area

~ =2.
L 2L
. . ¼=(~Xt)
M2 As F1 = F2 [Given]
8. (bl K=Yr 0 =2O xlO
10 x3xl0- 10 =60 Nim
. §__~ ...(i)
= 6x10-9 NIA . .. S - A
2 1

(b) / = FL :. I oc ..!._ As the two wires are or the same material, therefore
9. [F,L and Y are constant]
AY A their Young's moduli are the same.
A2 11 ( 0.1 ) 2 i.e., Y1 =Y2
-=-=>A 2 =A1 - - = 2A1 =2 x 4=8mm .
A1 / 2 \_0.05

11. (b ) &=£!:.=~
2
AY 1rD Y
. ~:=(::r
& s = Fs
~ Fe Ds
2
(De ) Ye '-s
Ys Le =(:~r<(::rr (Using(i) I

=(:~r=(fr =\
2
=lx(.!.)
5 p
(.!.)q=.2!1._.
s 5p s 2
6
[·: E.L =.!.(Given)].
d2 2
12. (d) y =FI A . 2 2
tJ.I /I 17. (a) 1= L dg = (10) xl500xlO = lS x lO_.m .
2Y 2 x5x IO 8
Given. FI A = stress =3. 18x 108 Nm ~
I= lm, Y = 2 x10 11 Nm-2 • 18. (b) Young's modulus of material Y = Linear stress
longitudinal strain
tJ.I /F / A_lx3.18x10s_159 10-l 159 U longitudinal strain is equal to unity. then
=~- xIO" - . x m., . mm.
2 Y = Linear stress produced.
 470 Elasticity

20 _ (b) y =stress=> max strain= max.stress"' mg/ A 32 _ (c} <r = lateral strain => 0 _5 = lateral strain
strain Y y longitudinal strain O.03

A=3x10-6 m 2 => Lateral strain = 0.5 x 0 .03 = 0 .015.

YxstrainxA 2x10 11 xl0-3 x3xl0-11 33. (d) L be original length of the wire
m= =
g 10

= 60kg.

I IL
(a)

22. (d) Metals have larger values of Young's modulus than

alloys and elastomers.

(al / =FL= 48 xl0 3 x 4 M:zg

23
. • • = 1.33 mm.
AY l 2xl0- xl.2x10 11 (c)

FL 1
24. (d) I= - .-. I oc 2 [F, Land Yare cons1ant]
AY r
for M2 : &i =L 2 -L
!i. = ( '2 )2 = (2)2 = 4 . From figure the tension T1 =M1g and T2 =M 2 g
lz '1

TL T. L
FL- L [Y and Fare constant] As Young's modulus. Y = - • - = _ 2 _
26. (a) I= - :. I oc 2 AM.1 A&i
trr2 Y r
r, T r r2
-
AL1
- - 2- =>
t.L.. 2
1
L1 -L
- - =L--L-
2

M1g M2g
L1 -L = ½- L

27.
stress
(bl Young's modules = - -
strain

As the length of wire get doubled therefore stTain = 1

34. (b) Let L is the original length of the wire and K is force
:. Y = strain= 20 x 108 N/ m2
constant of wire.
28. (bl In case of shearing stress there Is a change In shape
Anal length = Initial length + elongation
without any change in volume. In case of hydraulic
stress there is a change in volume without any change L'=L+£.
K
in shape. In case of tensile stress there Is no change In
volume. For first condition a = L + ! ...(i)

29. (bl Greater the value of Young's modulus of a substance,

higher is the e lasticity. Out of the given substances, steel
For second condition b = L + ! ... (ii)

has greater value of Young's modulus. Therefore. steel By solving (I) and (II) equation we gel
has highest elaslicfly. 1
L=5a-4b and K = - -
b-o
30. (d) Breaking force oc ,-l
Now when the longitudinal tension is 9N, length of the
If diameter becomes double then breaking force wiU
9
string = L + - = 5a - 4b+9(b-o) =5b-4a .
become four limes I.e. 1000 x 4 = 4000 N. K
 Elasticity 471

36 . (d) Bongation In the wire /=I!:_ FL FL2 FL2

AY 48. (d) l= - = - - = -
AY (AL)Y W
:. Eongation in the wire oc Tension in the wire :. I « L2 If volume of the wire remains constant

fl_=
/1
(~)2 (!)2 -
L1
=
2
16

:. 12 = 16 x/1 = 16 x2 =32mm"' 3.2cm .

49. (c) Potenllal energy stored in the rubber cord catapult will
be converted Into kinetic energy of mass .

w ..!.muz = ..!_ YA/z => u = JYA/z

2 2 L mL
8
In fll"St case T1 =W = 5xI0 x25x l0-6x(5xl0- ) = 2S0nt/s.
2 2

S x I0..J x l 0xl0-2
2W x W FL 1
In second case T2 = - - - • W 50 . (a) I = - :. I .. - [F,L and Y are constant)
W+W AY A
As tension in the wire in both the cases are equal 1/ • ~-= ~ = ..!. => /2 • !i. • £.!. • 0.05mm.
therefore 1 A 8 2
2 2 2

elongaUon in the wire wiU be equal. 5 1. (d) Y = Slress "'Constant

Strain
FL F It depends only on nature of material.
37 . (c) l = -:./«-
AY r2 53. (c) Y = 104 N/m2 , A = 2x10-4m 2 , F = 2xl0 5 dyne = 2N
2 l=FL= 2xL =L
(r. ) = (4)x (1)
2
.:1. F. ..l
I :-1. - = 1 :. /2 =11 = 1mm. AY 2xl0-4 x10 4
12 F1 '2 2 :. Final length = initial length + increment = 2L.
2
39 . (bl Initial length (circumference) of the ring = 2nr 54 . (bl En ergy dens,·ty, dU (stress)
<ft/ = ~

Anal leng1h (circumference) of the ring • 2JtR 11 000 g NI m 2

Where stress=
4
10-
Change in leng1h = 2JtR - 2nr.
Energy density= 30.25 x 10 5 J
strain change in length = 2n1R - r) =R - r
original length 2Ju r Work Done in Stretching a Wire
•
Now Youngs modulus E .. -
FIA FIA
.. - - -
1. =
(c) Volume V cross sectional A x length / or V =Al
//L (R-rYr strain = Elongation y
Original length = /
:.F =AE - r - .(R-r) stress
Young's modulus Y = - -
strain
41 . (c) Young's modulus of wire depends only on the nature of Work done, W = ½x stress x strain x volume
the material of the wire.
43 . (d ) Breaking stress = strain x Young's modulus W =½xYx (strain)2 x A/

= 0.15x2x 10 11 =3x !010 Nm-2 •

=½xvx( fJ2 x Al=½( ~A)vz => Wocy2 .
7 10 2
45 . (d) Y=!_= 2.33x I0 N/m .
(c) Work done= !Fl= Mg/ .
r0 3x10- 10 3.
2 2
46. (a ) / = -
FL
= - - : . I« -
FL
(Y = constant)
FL 5. (d) !:!.i_ =J(strafnlt } z = ,24L2 = 1 : 1.
AY ..,..zy r2 U2 l(stroln) 2 L2 4 f 2
F 2L
:. 1/ =fl.x!:i.(!i..)
2
= 2x2x(..!.) = 1
2
8. (b) U=
I
2 Fl = 2 AY . U oc -;zL [F and Y are constant)
1 F L r
1 1 2 2

:. / 2 = 11 I. e. increment In Its length will be /. :. ~: =(~:)x(~:r = (3)x (½r =¾·

FI A . F
47. (a) Y=--=>s:train= - . 9. (a) U=.!. xFx l=.!.x2oo x 10-3 =0. lJ.
Strain AY 2 2
 472 Elasticity
11 . (a) When a wire Is stretched through a length. then work AV
has to be done, this work Is stored In the wire in the 11. (bl 61)=-Kv
form of elastJc potential energy.
Potential energy of stretched wire Is A: = -yAO= -3aA9
U =..!..xstress x strain 3aAOK=p
2
AO=-p-
U=..!.. x F xs => U=..!..F x. 3aK
2 2
2
12. (cl The pressure exerted by a 3000m column o f water on
1 11 the bottom layer is
14 . (bl U=.!.xYx(Strain)2 =.!.x9xl0 x ( - -)
2 2 100 P =hpg
= 4.5x l 0 7 J. = 3000mx 1000kgm.:i xl0ms-2 • 3x 107 Nm-2

15 . (d ) Energy stored per unit volume= ½xStressxStraln Fractional compression A: is

IN p 3x101 Nm-.i = 1 36x10-2 = 1.36%.

=½ x Yo ung's modulusx(Strainl2 =½xYxx 2 . v=a= 2.2xl0 9 Nm- 2

17.
F2
(b) U = 2K = 2K '
T2 13 . (dl If side of the cube Is L then V = L3 => ~ =3 "t
:. % change in volume = 3 x (% change in length)
1 YA/2 1 2x10 11 x3x 10-6 x(lx10...,) 2 = 3 X 1% = 3%
18. (c) U=-x-- =-x
2 L 2 4
:. Bulk strain A: = 0.03.
a0,075J
p
Bulk Modulus 14. (cl Bulk modulus. 8 = - ( e.:)
I. (c) Isothermal elasticity K, = P.
2. (bl Bulk Modulus -ve sign shows that with an Increase In pressure , a
decrease In volume occurs.
B= - pV => P=-AV x B given _AV =l% =-1-
AV V V 100 11y, k =a=-
Co mpressa'bTt l AV
PV
10
P= ? .Sxl0 =7.Sx108 N / m 2 • Deaease in volume, t.V = PVk
100
• 4 x107 x l x 6xI0- 10 =24x10..., litre
3. (b) B= ±_=> K=~= (Au/ u) = 24x1Q-.'I x 103 cm' = 24cc.
(Au/u) 8 AP

,~=~
15 . (c) Isothermal lasticity K, = P =Imm= 1.013xl0 5 N/m 2 .
So, (Au/ul =KAf>=45.4 x 10-11 x 10 3 x 10 x2700
17 . (c) Isothermal bulk modulus = Pressure of gas.
= 1.2258x10-2 .
5. (bl Solids are least compressible whereas gases are most 19. (dl 8:__!:_ =>
compressible.
e.V v7 B
V
6. (d) K =-P- => K= hpg t.V 3t..R P
tN o.1x10-2 - = - - = - =>
V R B
V
20. (bl Since Bulk Modulus= volumetric stress
_ h-- K x0.lxl0-2 __ 9x108 x10 3 volumetric strain
~ =90m .
pg 10 3 x l0

9. (c) Bulk modulus, 8 = - ~ , -ue sign shows that with

V
lnaease In pressure the volume deaeases. ...(i)
B= AP = lOOx JO' Po =2000MPo
4
~ sx10-
5
Volume of sphere ➔ V =
3
nR3

The speed of the sound · al ch ange .m vo lume V

Fra ctlon dV = -,-
Jdr ... (ii)

u= ~ = 2000xl06N / m2 ., J400m /s. 3dr mg

fp 103 kg I m 3 Using eq. (i) & (ii) -,-= Ka
(c) K= lOO -1(/'atm= ld 1 N / m2 = Jd 2 dyndcrJ . dr mg
10.
0.01/ 100 7=3Ko
 Elasticity 473

4. (a)
Rigidity Modulus
L.
1. (bl ~ = (1 + 2CT) dt A 1/ brass
/1A
steel
~ = 2x2xl0- 3
= 4 xl0-l [·: CT= 0.5 = ½]
:. Percentage change in volume = 4 x 10-1 = 0.4% . WI
Y=A. Al
dV dL
2. (a) We know that V = (l-2CT)T So Al = :!!!._
AY
If CT=.!_ the1, dV = 0
2 V
I.e. there Is no change In volume.
3. (c) Y = 2'7(1 +CT) .
6. (c) Restoring force is zero at mean position
4. (bl For most materials. the modulus of rigidity, G is one
F.
third of the Young's modulus. y . F = - Kx+F0 => 0 = - Kx+F0 =>x = _!!.
K

G=
1
r=3G i.e. the particle will oscillate abolll x = ~
3 ror
:.n=3 . {K _
7. (a) Ya 3K(l-2CT), Ya 2'7(1 + CT)
=>F0 = Kx =>ma= Kx =>a= K x :. w=
m v-;
7. (a) F = -5x -16x 3 = -{5 + 16x2 )x = -loc
For Y = 0, we get 1 - 2CT = 0 , also 1 + O' • 0
:. k= 5+16x2
1 1 1
=> CT lies between
2
and -1 Work done, W = kr22 - 2
k1x 1
2 2
8. (b) Y = 217(1 + CT) => 311 = 211(1 + CT) = .!.15 + 16(0.2) 2 )(0.2)2 - .!_ (5 + 16(0.1)2 )(0.1)2
3 1 2 2
=>CT=- - 1=- = 2.82x4x10-.i -2.58x 10-2 = 8.7x10-2J .
2 2
Now substituting the value of CTin the following expression. 8. (b) y., _FL ., __
4FL ; F=mg
Al JKJ 2 /
Y = 3K(l - 2u) => K = y Where L = length of the wire
3(1 - 2u) I = elongation of the wire
d = diameter of the wire
I0. (d) Y = 2'7(1 + CT)
Substituting the values. we get Y .. 2 x I 0 11 N I m2
2.41} • 211(1 +CT)=> 1.2 = 1 + CT => CT= 0.2
=> ti.Y = 2 ti.d + Al • J0.0 1)+ 005 - ~
13. (d) There will be both shear stress and normal stress. Y d I .. 0.4 08l 80
9 9
14. (c) For twisting. Angle of shear 9 .. .!.. => l!i.Y = xY = 80 x2xl0 11 = 0.2xl011 N / m2 •
L 80
i.e. if Lis more then

Critical Thinking Questions

1/J will be small
9. (b) 2.rr J¥ = 0.6 ...(i) and 2.rr ff= 0.7 ••. (ii)

1. (d) Equal stress

0 ·M .d.mg (")
u by (i) .weget (7)2 m+m' 49
6 = ~ = 36
m+m' 49 m' 13
ft_ = fl_ => .5.. = .2:.!. = .!. . - - - 1= - - 1 =>-=-
m 36 m 36
A1 A2 F2 0.2 2
, 13m
=>m = - -
p 106 100 36
2. (a) L=-= =-=34m .
dg 3xl03 x10 3 k 4n 2
Also - = - -
3. (cl Thermal stress = Ya!J.8 . m (0.6)2
. d . m' g 13 mg
If thermal stress and rise in temperature are equal then Des ire extension= - =- x -
k 36 k
y .. .!.. => Xi_ = a 2 = ~ . 13 0.36
= - x l0 x-:;-::r • 3.5 cm .
a Y2 a1 2 36 4a
 474 Elastklty

14. (ad) Young·s modulus of steel is greater than that of rubber.

10.
Stress is not a vector quanbty as it cannot be assigned a
specinc direction Stress is a tensor quantity.

Brass1r 15 . (c) Young's modulus Y = SSIT~

tram
29 FIA
T
= (ll.L/ L)
Let Young's modulus o f steel be Y1 , and that of brass
[Strain= ~ =all.T]
F
be Y2 . = A(all.TI
- F, .11
Y1 - --, ....(i) 16. (b) £.. = y fiL

T.
A1 .ll./ 1 A L T~/a
ll.Loc F. T•mg .. . (ii
F2.l2
an d Y 2 = - -
A 26l2
....(ii)
½-;ng
Dividing Equation (i) by Equation (ii), we get
_!'.!_ = Fi ,A2.l1.hl2 .... (iii)
Y2 F2 .A1.l2,fil1
From (i)
Force on steel wire from free body diagram
T = F1 = (2g) Newlon
ll.L' r 3
fiL T 4
Force on brass wire from free body dlagram 3
ll.L'= - .ll.L = 3mm I fiL = 4mm I
F2 • r; = T + 2g = 4g Newton 4

Now, p uUing the value of F1 , F2 , in Equa tion (iii), we get 17. (cl Energyofcatapull =½(1r x Yx Ax/

..!'Y.L = ( 2g
2 4g
)-(4){!.t.]{~) .!.(~)-{~).
nr1 /2 6/1
=
2 b t.11 = Kinetic energy of the ball = ½mu
2

therefore,
11. (b) T= YA/
L
½x(:r xYx 1rx3 2 x10-6x 42 x10- 2
Increase in length of one segment o f wire

t=(L+½ d: )-L =½ d: .. ½x2x 10- 2 x(2012

2 2 Y"" 3x 106 Nm-2.

Ynr .d

12.
So, T= - -
2L2
(d) If temperature inaeases by ll.T,
18.
______
(d ) Tensile stress in wire will be
., Tensile force

n
Cross section Area
Increase in length L, ll.L = L r.0T
mg= 4 x3.lx N m-2 =31
- . x 106Nm -2
nR 2 Jl' X4 X10- 6
: !;.::.wloped io ,t,. riog • T
19. (bl Given
YA 7 LA =2m AA = JrR2
.-.I..=Yll.L=Yat.T Y8 =4
S L
:. T = SYtXAT l l Ls ., I.Sm As= JT(.2mml2
F .. 2T (From figure) . T T
Where, F is the force that o ne part of the wheel appUes
on the other pa rt.
:. F• 2SYtXAT . given F and I are same ⇒ LAY is same

13 . (cl At equilibrium !: F = 0 Buoyant AAYA = AsYs

kx0 + F8 = Mg force LA Ls
L
kx0 +a
2 Ag = Mg n12mm)2 Y
⇒ Xo = Mg (1- C1 LA).
= 1.5 B

k 2M R=l .74mm .
 Elasticity 475

F Fl Fl F/ 2 2
20. (a) A= stress 6. (d) V = Al,Y = - ⇒ ill= - =- ⇒ ill•I .
All.I AY W
400x 4 = 379x106 Assertion and Reason
.nc:17
1. (a) Because, the stretching of coil simply changes its shape
d2 = 1600 l.34x10-6
n x379xl0 6 without any change in the length of the wire used in
d = JI.34 x 10-3 = 1.15x10-Jm coil. Due to which shear modulus of elasticity is
involved .
21. (b)

,~ ·- s,~, j 2. (e) When a spring balance has been used for a long time,
the spring in the balance gets fabgued and there is loss
of strength of the spring. In such a case, the extension in
9 the spring Is more for a given load and hence the
k i = y 1A 1 = 120xl0 xA balance gives wrong readings.
/1 l
9 3. (a) Elas11dty Is a measure of tendency of the body to regain
k = y2 A 2 = 60xl0 xA its original configuration. As steel is deformed less than
2
/2 1
rubber therefore steel is more elastic than rubber.

4. (d) In a glassy solid (i.e., amorphous solid) the vanous

_ ~ _ 120x 60 109 A
k 1111 - - X X bonds between the atoms or ions or molecules of a
k 1 xk 2 180
solid are not equally strong. Different bonds are broken
k 1111 =40xl09 xA at different temperatures Hence there is no sharp
F=k_, (x) melting point for a glassy solid
F =(40xl0 9 )A.(0 2xl0-J ) 6. (a) Bulk modulus o f elasticity measures how good the body
f.. = 8x106 N / m 2 . is to regain its original 110lume on being compressed.
A Therefore, it represents incompressibility of the material
22. (cl U = ½ (force)(elongation) -PV
K =- - w here p ·ts ·increase ·m pressure. IiV.is ch. ange
ll.V
in volume.
=½(Mg)/ =½Mg/ .
7. (b) Stress is defined as internal force (restoring force) per
Graphical Questions unit area of a body. Also. rubber is less elastic than steel,
because restoring force is less for rubber than steel.
1. (a ) Area of hysterisis loop gives the enermr loss in the
8. (a) A bridge during its use undergoes alternating strains for a
process of stretching and unstretching of rubber band
and this loss will appear In the form of heating
large number ol times each day. depending upon the
movement of vehicles on It when a bridge Is used for long
2. (d) Y" = tan011 .. tan60 = ./3 = 3 ⇒ Y =JY8 . time, ii losses Its elastic strength. Due to which the amounl
Y8 tan88 tan30 l/J3 " o f strain in the bridge for a given stress wi'D bea>me large
FL I and ultimately, the bridge may collapse. This may not
3. (a) I= - .·. I oc 2 [Y, Land Fare constant]
AY r happen, if the bridges are dedared unsafe after long use.
i.e. for the same load, thickest wire wiU show minimum 9. (d) l110ry Is more elastic than wet.day. Hence the ball of i110iy
elongation. So graph D represent lhe thickest wire will rise lo a greater helghl In fad the ball of wet.day will
not rise al all, it will be somewhat flattened permanently.
4. (a) From the graph / .. 10-4 m, F,,. 20N

A • 10-6 mz, L • lm 10. (a) Young's modulus of a material, Y = S lress

Strain
. Y-FL _ 20xl !010_ l0IIN/ 2
•. - Al - rn-6 X ]Q-4 - 20 X - 2X m . Restoring force
H ere, stress =
Area
5. (c) Graph between applied force and extension will be
straight line because in ela.<tic range. As restoring force is zero :. Y = 0 .
Applied force oc extension
11. (a) Work done = ½xStressxStrain = ½xYx (Straln)2.
but the graph between extension and stored elastic
energy will be parabolic in nature
Since, elas1icity of sleet is more than copper. hence
As U = 1/ 2 kx 2 or U oc x2 more work has to be done In order to stretch the steel.