Gravimetric Analysis Quiz – Multiple C.

Mass spectrometer
Choice (30 Items) D. Thermocouple

1. What is gravimetric analysis primarily 10. The first step in gravimetric analysis is:
used to measure? A. Drying
A. Volume of analyte B. Filtering
B. Color of analyte C. Sample dissolution
C. Mass of analyte D. Weighing
D. Density of analyte
11. During precipitation, nucleation
2. Which type of gravimetry involves produces:
converting the analyte to an insoluble A. Large particles
precipitate? B. No particles
A. Electrogravimetry C. Very fine particles
B. Precipitation Gravimetry D. Hydrated salts
C. Volatilization Gravimetry
D. Titrimetric Gravimetry 12. Low Relative Supersaturation (RSS)
leads to:
3. Moisture determination is a common A. Many small particles
example of which gravimetric method? B. High solubility
A. Electrogravimetry C. Particle growth and large particles
B. Titrimetric Gravimetry D. Acid formation
C. Volatilization Gravimetry
D. Precipitation Gravimetry 13. What is the formula for RSS?
A. S - Q / S
4. What type of water is present in hydrated B. Q / S
salts? C. Q - S / S
A. Water of constitution D. Q + S / Q
B. Sorbed water
C. Occluded water 14. Colloidal particles remain suspended
D. Water of crystallization because of:
A. Magnetic repulsion
5. Which of the following is an example of B. Electrostatic repulsion
essential water? C. Temperature
A. Occluded water D. Size of the beaker
B. Sorbed water
C. Water of crystallization 15. The Tyndall effect is observed in:
D. Adsorbed water A. True solutions
B. Colloids
6. Non-essential water includes the C. Suspensions
following except: D. All of the above
A. Occluded water
B. Sorbed water 16. What is used to destroy ionic barriers in
C. Adsorbed water colloids?
D. Water of constitution A. Filtration
B. Drying
7. Gravimetric titrimetry is based on: C. Heating or adding electrolyte
A. Volatilization of the analyte D. Neutralization with base
B. Mass of titrant required to react
C. Deposition on an electrode 17. The washing of the precipitate should:
D. Light absorption A. Dissolve the precipitate
B. Keep impurities
8. Electrogravimetry involves: C. Remove solvent
A. Filtering the analyte D. Remove impurities and retain precipitate
B. Heating the analyte
C. Using electricity to deposit analyte on an 18. Drying in gravimetric analysis is usually
electrode done at:
D. Dissolving the analyte A. 25°C
B. 60–80°C
9. Which instrument is used in atomic mass C. 110–120°C
spectrometry? D. 200°C
A. Electrode
B. Calorimeter 19. Ignition is used when:
A. No drying is needed
B. Precipitate must be converted before 100
weighing B. (Weight of analyte / Weight of
C. Sample is very volatile precipitate) x 100
D. Organic sample is tested C. (Weight of analyte / Weight of sample) x
100
20. Which impurity type results from D. (Weight of analyte / Weight of GF) x 100
trapping during crystal formation?
A. Surface adsorption 26. Which of the following is a reason for
B. Occlusion digestion in gravimetry?
C. Post-precipitation A. Promote nucleation
D. Isomorphous replacement B. Increase colloidal particles
C. Enhance crystallinity and purity
21. Surface adsorption occurs due to: D. Reduce moisture content
A. Heat
B. Electrolysis 27. Von Weimarn ratio is related to:
C. Excess ions A. Electrogravimetry
D. Cooling B. Supersaturation and precipitation
C. Filtration speed
22. Isomorphous replacement involves: D. Sample color
A. Dissolving crystals
B. Adsorbing ions 28. What is the role of sample dissolution in
C. Replacing one ion with another of same gravimetry?
structure A. Eliminate impurities
D. Heating and drying B. Render analyte in liquid form
C. Increase volatility
23. Post-precipitation happens when: D. Crystallize compound
A. Precipitate is digested too early
B. Impurities are filtered out 29. What does hygroscopic mean in context
C. Mixture stands too long, forming new of precipitate?
precipitate A. Reacts with air
D. Water is evaporated B. Reacts with heat
C. Absorbs moisture from air
24. Gravimetric Factor (GF) is calculated D. Emits radiation
using:
A. Volume of solution 30. Which of the following does not affect
B. Molecular weights and stoichiometry the form of non-essential water?
C. Temperature A. Sorption
D. Color change B. Occlusion
C. Crystallization
25. What is the formula for % analyte in D. Adsorption
gravimetric analysis?
A. (Weight of sample / Weight of analyte) x

Answer Key: 9. C 20. B

10. C 21. C
1. C 11. C 22. C
2. B 12. C 23. C
3. C 13. C 24. B
4. D 14. B 25. C
5. C 15. B 26. C
6. D 16. C 27. B
7. B 17. D 28. B
8. C 18. C 29. C
19. B 30. C
Titrimetry Quiz – Multiple Choice (30 9. Which of the following is not a
Items) requirement for a standard solution?
A. React slowly with analyte
1. What is titrimetry primarily used to B. React completely with analyte
determine? C. Undergo a selective reaction
A. Volume of analyte D. Be stable
B. Color of analyte
C. Concentration of analyte 10. A secondary standard is:
D. Weight of analyte A. A solution not used in titrations
B. A solution standardized against another
2. Which of the following is a requirement standard
of reactions in titrimetry? C. A solid reagent
A. Must be endothermic D. An indicator
B. Must be qualitative
C. Must be stoichiometric 11. What is the purpose of an indicator in
D. Must produce gas titration?
A. To change the pH
3. Why is titrimetry often preferred over B. To remove impurities
gravimetry? C. To signal the endpoint of the titration
A. More accurate D. To increase solubility
B. Less expensive equipment
C. Faster and more convenient 12. Back-titration is used when:
D. Involves no calculations A. Titrant is too expensive
B. Reaction is too fast
4. The point at which stoichiometric C. Analyte reacts with excess reagent and is
quantities of titrant and analyte have reacted then titrated
is: D. Color change is not visible
A. End point
B. Equivalence point 13. What is the purpose of a blank
C. Indicator point titration?
D. Reaction peak A. To add more indicator
B. To determine molarity
5. The observable signal that signals the end C. To correct for side reactions or errors
of a titration is: D. To verify equivalence
A. Indicator point
B. Final volume 14. A titration curve typically plots:
C. Endpoint A. Volume vs. pressure
D. Calibration point B. Molarity vs. time
C. Concentration vs. volume of titrant
6. What causes titration error? D. Temperature vs. titrant
A. Improper reagent storage
B. Temperature fluctuation 15. In a titration, the sigmoidal curve
C. Difference between equivalence point represents:
and end point A. Gradual titrant addition
D. Overheating the solution B. Constant concentration
C. A typical strong acid-strong base reaction
7. What is a standard solution? D. A colorless reaction
A. A solvent for the analyte
B. A solution that contains excess indicator 16. Volumetric titrimetry is based on:
C. A solution whose concentration is A. Mass of titrant
precisely known B. Volume of titrant
D. A buffer solution C. Color change
D. Temperature change
8. A good primary standard must have:
A. High solubility and low molar mass 17. Gravimetric titrimetry measures:
B. High purity and atmospheric stability A. Time of titration
C. Strong color and odor B. Charge of titrant
D. Acidic nature and reactivity C. Mass of titrant
D. Pressure of gas evolved

18. Coulometric titrimetry is based on:

A. Current used
B. Color intensity
C. Charge passed during titration endpoint. What is the HCl normality?
D. Indicator type A. 0.0233 N
B. 0.0321 N
19. Which of the following compounds is C. 0.0466 N
commonly used as a primary standard? D. 0.0567 N
A. NaCl
B. NaOH 26. A 0.7541 g sodium oxalate solution
C. KHP reacts with 25.38 mL KMnO₄. What is the
D. HCl normality of KMnO₄?
A. 0.0763 N
20. What is the normality of a 36.46 g HCl B. 0.0887 N
solution in 1.75 L? C. 0.0932 N
A. 0.455 D. 0.0999 N
B. 0.571
C. 0.667 27. The reaction:
D. 1.003 IO₃⁻ + 5I⁻ + 6H⁺ → 3I₂ + 3H₂O
I₂ + 2S₂O₃²⁻ → 2I⁻ + S₄O₆²⁻
21. The normality of a 196 g H₂SO₄ is used in titration to find concentration of:
solution in 1.5 L is: A. NaCl
A. 0.98 N B. Na₂S₂O₃
B. 1.33 N C. H₂SO₄
C. 2.00 N D. NH₃
D. 2.66 N
28. A solution of iron is titrated with
22. The normality of 34.2 g Ba(OH)₂ in KMnO₄. Which species is reduced?
8.00 L is: A. Fe²⁺
A. 0.0125 N B. MnO₄⁻
B. 0.0250 N C. Fe³⁺
C. 0.0500 N D. H₂O
D. 0.0750 N
29. A spring water sample has Fe content
23. Which of the following best defines titrated with K₂Cr₂O₇ and back-titrated
"titration error (Et)"? with Fe²⁺. What is calculated?
A. Vindicator – Vequivalence A. %Fe
B. Vsample – Vindicator B. ppm iron
C. Vendpoint – Vequivalence C. molarity of water
D. Vindicator – Vsample D. %Fe₃O₄

24. If 23.5 mL of 0.980 M NaOH reacts with 30. (NH₄)₂C₂O₄ is titrated after NH₃ is
15.0 mL of HCl, what is the HCl molarity? distilled. What are calculated?
A. 1.02 M A. % H₂SO₄
B. 1.31 M B. % NH₃ and % KOH
C. 1.54 M C. % N and % (NH₄)₂C₂O₄
D. 1.63 M D. % C and % oxalate

25. A 50.0 mL HCl solution requires 29.71

mL of 0.03926 N Ba(OH)₂ to reach

Answer Key 15. C

16. B
1. C 17. C
2. C 18. C
3. C 19. C
4. B 20. B
5. C 21. D
6. C 22. C
7. C 23. C
8. B 24. C
9. A 25. A
10. B 26. B
11. C 27. B
12. C 28. B
13. C 29. B
14. C 30. C
 a) pH = 7
b) pH = pKa
c) pH = pKb
d) pH = 14
a 30-item multiple-choice quiz about acid-
base titrimetry, 10. In a strong acid-strong base titration, the
equivalence point is at approximately what
1. Acid-base titrations are also known as: pH?
a) Oxidation-reduction titrations a) pH = 2
b) Neutralization titrations b) pH = 7
c) Precipitation titrations c) pH = 9
d) Complexometric titrations d) pH = 12

2. A common strong base titrant is: 11. The steepest change in pH during a
a) HCl titration occurs at the:
b) HNO3 a) Beginning of the titration
c) NaOH b) Equivalence point
d) H2SO4 c) End of the titration
d) Half-equivalence point
3. Which of the following is NOT a primary
standard for base titrations?
a) Potassium acid phthalate (KHP) 12. What is the major constituent at the
b) 2-Furoic acid equivalence point of a strong acid-strong
c) NaOH base titration?
d) Sulfamic acid a) Strong acid
b) Strong base
4. A commonly used strong acid titrant is: c) Salt
a) NaOH d) Water
b) KOH
c) HCl 13. In the Kjeldahl method, nitrogen is
d) NH3 determined by:
a) Precipitation
5. Which of the following is a primary b) Oxidation
standard for acid titrations? c) Neutralization titration
a) HCl d) Complexation
b) Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
c) NaOH 14. The Kjeldahl method is used for the
d) KOH determination of:
a) Sulfur
6. Potassium acid phthalate (KHP) is b) Phosphorus
advantageous as a primary standard because c) Nitrogen
of its: d) Carbon
a) Low molecular weight
b) High purity and thermal stability 15. In the determination of sulfur, the
c) High solubility in water sample is burned in a stream of:
d) Hygroscopic nature a) Hydrogen
b) Nitrogen
7. Acid-base indicators are typically: c) Oxygen
a) Strong acids or bases d) Carbon dioxide
b) Weak acids or bases
c) Neutral salts 16. Double indicator titrations are useful for
d) Complex ions analyzing mixtures of:
a) Strong acids only
8. The color change of an indicator is b) Strong bases only
determined by: c) Strong and weak acids
a) The concentration of the titrant d) Carbonates and bicarbonates
b) The pH of the solution
c) The temperature of the solution 17. Phenolphthalein is typically used as an
d) The volume of the analyte indicator for which endpoint in a double
indicator titration?
9. What is the pH at the half-equivalence a) Acidic endpoint
point of a weak acid titration? b) Alkaline endpoint
 c) Neutral endpoint 24. How many equivalence points are
d) None of the above observed in the titration of phosphoric acid
with a strong base?
18. Methyl orange is typically used as an a) 1
indicator for which endpoint in a double b) 2
indicator titration? c) 3
a) Acidic endpoint d) 4
b) Alkaline endpoint
c) Neutral endpoint 25. What is the major constituent at the first
d) None of the above equivalence point in the titration of H3PO4
with NaOH?
19. A double indicator titration can be used a) H3PO4
to determine the amounts of which ions in a b) H2PO4-
mixture? c) HPO42-
a) Only hydroxide ions d) PO43-
b) Only carbonate ions
c) Only bicarbonate ions 26. What is the major constituent at the
d) Hydroxide, carbonate, and bicarbonate second equivalence point in the titration of
ions H3PO4 with NaOH?
a) H3PO4
20. Which of the following mixtures can be b) H2PO4-
analyzed using a double indicator titration? c) HPO42-
a) HCl and CH3COOH d) PO43-
b) NaOH and NH3
c) Na2CO3 and NaHCO3 27. What is the major constituent at the third
d) All of the above equivalence point in the titration of H3PO4
with NaOH?
21. In a titration of a mixture of strong and a) H3PO4
weak acids, which acid is titrated first? b) H2PO4-
a) The weaker acid c) HPO42-
b) The stronger acid d) PO43-
c) Both acids simultaneously
d) Neither acid 28. A mixture of HCl and CH3COOH can
be titrated using:
22. For stepwise titration of a mixture of a) A single indicator
acids to be successful, what must be true b) Two indicators
about their Ka values? c) No indicators
a) They must be equal. d) Either a single or two indicators
b) The Ka values must differ by a factor
of at least 104. 29. The titration of a polyfunctional acid
c) The Ka values must be very small. will show:
d) The Ka values must be very large. a) One equivalence point
b) Two equivalence points
23. Phosphoric acid (H3PO4) is an example c) Multiple equivalence points
of a: d) No equivalence points
a) Monoprotic acid
b) Diprotic acid 30. Which of the following is a
c) Triprotic acid polyfunctional base?
d) Tetraprotic acid a) NaOH
b) NH3
c) Ethylenediamine
d) Both b and c
9. b 21. b
10. b 22. b
**Answer Key:** 11. b 23. c
12. c 24. c
1. b 13. c 25. b
2. c 14. c 26. c
3. c 15. c 27. d
4. c 16. d 28. b
5. b 17. b 29. c
6. b 18. a 30. d
7. b 19. d
8. b 20. c
 A. -CH3
B. -OH
C. -CH2-
D. -CF3

9. A bathochromic shift indicates a shift to:

A. Higher energy
B. Shorter wavelength
UV-Vis Spectroscopy, here is a set of 30 C. Lower energy
multiple choice D. No change in wavelength

✅ Multiple Choice Questions 10. The UV region is typically considered to

range from:
1. What does UV-Vis spectroscopy A. 100–300 nm
primarily measure? B. 400–750 nm
A. Emission of light from a substance C. 700–1500 nm
B. Absorption of light by a substance D. 190–400 nm
C. Conductivity of a solution
D. Thermal energy release 11. An increase in conjugation in a molecule
leads to a:
2. Which of the following electromagnetic A. Blue shift
radiations has the shortest wavelength? B. Decrease in absorbance
A. Radio waves C. Red shift
B. X-rays D. Loss of spectral data
C. Infrared
D. Ultraviolet 12. The Beer-Lambert Law expresses a
linear relationship between:
3. The visible region of the electromagnetic A. Absorbance and time
spectrum ranges from: B. Transmittance and path length
A. 100–300 nm C. Absorbance and concentration
B. 400–700 nm D. Wavelength and solvent
C. 700–1000 nm
D. 200–400 nm 13. The molar absorptivity in Beer’s Law is
symbolized as:
4. A spectrophotometer differs from a A. c
spectrometer in that it: B. A
A. Measures only magnetic fields C. ε
B. Measures intensity of light D. λ
C. Works only in infrared
D. Detects X-ray radiation 14. Which of the following is a weak
auxochrome?
5. What causes color in substances under A. -OH
UV-Vis spectroscopy? B. -CH3
A. Reflection of all light C. -NH2
B. Absorption of specific wavelengths D. -NO2
C. Complete transmission of light
D. Scattering of radiation 15. Which solvent would cause a
hypsochromic shift for n→π* transitions?
6. The term “chromophore” refers to: A. Hexane
A. A molecule’s solvent B. Ethanol
B. The part of the molecule responsible for C. Water
absorption D. Benzene
C. A type of detector
D. A light source 16. What does a double-beam-in-time
spectrophotometer do?
7. What type of transition is common in UV- A. Uses two detectors
Vis spectroscopy? B. Measures sample and reference
A. Rotational simultaneously
B. Vibrational C. Alternates between sample and reference
C. Electronic quickly
D. Magnetic D. Has one fixed wavelength

8. Which functional group is likely to act as 17. Which light source is commonly used
an auxochrome? for UV region?
A. Tungsten lamp A. Wavelength
B. LED B. Concentration
C. D2 (Deuterium) lamp C. Voltage
D. Halogen lamp D. Temperature

18. Quartz cuvettes are necessary in which 25. A spectrophotometer's working range is
region? typically:
A. Visible A. 100–500 nm
B. Infrared B. 200–800 nm
C. Ultraviolet C. 190–900 nm
D. Microwave D. 250–1000 nm

19. What happens in a hypochromic shift? 26. What is a Woodward Rule primarily
A. Wavelength increases used for?
B. Wavelength decreases A. Calculating molar mass
C. Absorbance decreases B. Estimating λmax of conjugated systems
D. Absorbance increases C. Determining color
D. Measuring solvent polarity
20. The unit of absorbance has:
A. No unit 27. Which compound absorbs at longer
B. nm wavelength?
C. mol/L A. Ethene
D. cm⁻¹ B. Butadiene
C. Hexatriene
21. What type of detector uses a diode D. Methane
array?
A. Single-beam spectrophotometer 28. A bulky group near conjugated systems
B. Phototube causes:
C. Multichannel spectrophotometer A. Increased absorbance
D. Colorimeter B. Bathochromic shift
C. Hypochromic and hypsochromic shifts
22. KMnO₄ has maximum absorption at: D. Fluorescence
A. 410 nm
B. 350 nm 29. Solvent polarity typically causes a red
C. 530 nm shift in:
D. 700 nm A. π→π* transitions
B. n→π* transitions
23. What color does KMnO₄ appear based C. σ→σ* transitions
on its spectrum? D. IR absorptions
A. Yellow
B. Green 30. In UV-Vis instruments, what is the
C. Deep purple function of a monochromator?
D. Orange A. Detect radiation
B. Measure absorbance
24. In Beer’s law, if path length and ε are C. Isolate specific wavelengths
constant, absorbance is proportional to: D. Mix sample solutions

📝 8. B 20. A
9. C 21. C
Answer Key 10. D 22. C
11. C 23. C
1. B 12. C 24. B
2. B 13. C 25. C
3. B 14. B 26. B
4. B 15. C 27. C
5. B 16. C 28. C
6. B 17. C 29. A
7. C 18. C 30. C
19. C
 7. In equilibrium expressions, which are
excluded?
A. Aqueous species
B. Gases
C. Pure liquids and solids
D. None

8. A value of Keq≫1K_{eq} \gg 1 means:

Analytical Chemistry - Acid-Base A. Reactants favored
Equilibrium B. Products favored
C. No reaction
✅ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS D. Equal concentrations

1. Which of the following is a strong 9. Which of the following is a weak acid?

electrolyte? A. HCl
A. Acetic acid B. HNO3
B. Ammonia C. H2CO3
C. HCl D. HClO4
D. Ethanol
10. What is the pH of pure water at 25°C?
2. Which substance does not dissociate in A. 0
water? B. 5
A. H2SO4 C. 7
B. NaCl D. 14
C. Sucrose
D. NH3 11. As temperature increases, Kw:
A. Increases
3. A weak electrolyte is characterized by: B. Decreases
A. Complete dissociation C. Remains constant
B. High electrical conductivity D. Becomes 0
C. Partial dissociation
D. No dissociation 12. Which is a conjugate base of H2CO3?
A. H+
4. Which of the following is a non- B. HCO3−
electrolyte? C. CO3²−
A. HNO3 D. OH−
B. KOH
C. Acetone 13. A solution has
D. H2CO3 [H3O+]=1×10−4[H3O^+] = 1 × 10^{-4}.
What is its pH?
5. What is the product of the ionization of A. 10
water? B. 4
A. H+ only C. 7
B. OH− only D. 14
C. H3O+ and OH−
D. H2 and O2 14. Which of the following is a strong
base?

wA + xB ⇌ yC + zD\text{wA + xB ⇌ yC +
6. The equilibrium constant expression for A. NH3
B. NaOH
zD} C. CH3NH2
is: D. HCO3−
A. [A]w[B]x/[C]y[D]z[A]^w[B]^x /
[C]^y[D]^z 15. What happens when a strong acid is
B. [C]y[D]z/[A]w[B]x[C]^y[D]^z / added to water?
[A]^w[B]^x A. [OH−] increases
C. [C][D]/[A][B][C][D] / [A][B] B. [H3O+] decreases
D. [A][B]/[C][D][A][B] / [C][D] C. [H3O+] increases
D. No change

16. Which equation correctly relates Ka and

Kb?
A. Ka × Kb = Kw
B. Ka + Kb = Kw
C. Ka / Kb = Kw 26. What is the conjugate base of NH4⁺?
D. Ka − Kb = Kw A. NH3
B. NH2−
17. A buffer is a solution that: C. H+
A. Has a pH of 7 D. OH−
B. Conducts electricity
C. Resists pH change 27. What is the hydroxide ion concentration
D. Neutralizes acids in a neutral solution at 25°C?
A. 1×10−71 × 10^{-7}
18. The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is: B. 1×10−141 × 10^{-14}
A. pH=pKa+log⁡([base]/[acid])pH = pKa + \ C. 7
log([base]/[acid]) D. 0
B. pH=−log⁡[H+]pH = -\log[H+]
C. Ka=[H+][A−]/[HA]Ka = [H+][A-]/[HA] 28. Which pair is NOT conjugate acid-base?
D. pOH=−log⁡[OH−]pOH = -\log[OH-] A. H2CO3 / HCO3−
B. H2O / OH−
19. What is the Ka expression for HNO2? C. NH4+ / NH3
A. [NO2−]/[HNO2][NO2^-]/[HNO2] D. HCl / ClO−
B. [H3O+][NO2−]/[HNO2][H3O^+]
[NO2^-]/[HNO2] 29. If [OH−] = 1.0×10−41.0 × 10^{-4} M,
C. [HNO2]/[H3O+][HNO2]/[H3O^+] what is the pH?
D. A. 4
[NO2−][H2O]/[HNO2][NO2^-][H2O]/[HN B. 10
O2] C. 7
D. 6
20. Which of the following affects buffer
capacity? 30. Which compound is likely to be a weak
A. Temperature base?
B. Volume A. NaOH
C. Concentration of components B. KOH
D. pH C. NH3
D. Ca(OH)2
21. Which is a property of buffers?
A. Change pH rapidly
B. Do not conduct electricity
C. Are most effective at pH = pKa 📝 ANSWER KEY
D. Cannot be diluted
1. C
22. Which pair forms a buffer? 2. C
A. HCl and NaCl 3. C
B. NaOH and NaCl 4. C
C. HNO2 and NaNO2 5. C
D. NH3 and HCl 6. B
7. C
23. A strong acid has: 8. B
A. Low Ka 9. C
B. High Ka 10. C
C. Neutral pH 11. A
D. High pOH 12. B
13. B
24. What happens to pH when a base is 14. B
added to a buffer? 15. C
A. Sharp increase 16. A
B. Sharp decrease 17. C
C. Slight increase 18. A
D. No change 19. B
20. C
25. pH + pOH = ? 21. C
A. 1 22. C
B. 7 23. B
C. 10 24. C
D. 14 25. D
26. A
27. A
28. D
29. B
30. C