MATHEMATICS 7

Module 2
Mods
Real Number System Weeks
3 & 4(Quarter 1)
LEARNING COMPETENCIES

The Learner…
1. represent the absolute value of a number on a number line as the distance of a number
from 0;
2. perform fundamental operations on integers;
3. illustrate the different properties of operations on the set of integers;
4. express rational numbers from fraction form to decimal form and vice versa;
5. solves problems involving real numbers.
Real Numbers
EXPLORE
Activity: KWHL

FIRM-UP

Key Question: Are all numbers real numbers?

The set of real numbers made up of two types: rational and irrational numbers.
Rational numbers are numbers that can be written as a ratio or fraction. They include integers, terminating
and repeating decimals.
Irrational numbers are numbers that can be expressed as decimals that neither terminate nor repeat. It
cannot also be written as a ratio or fraction
LESSON 1: Signed Numbers or Integers on the Number Line

A number line is drawn by choosing a starting position on a line, usually 0, and marking off equal
distances from the point. The set of whole numbers {0, 1, 2, 3,…} is often represented on a number line. To
include negative numbers on a number line, extend the line to the left of zero and mark off equal distances. To
avoid confusion, name the points to the right using the positive sign (+) and to the left using the

negative sign(−). Zero is neither negative nor positive. The set of numbers used to name the points on the
number line is called the set of integers {…, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3,…}. The number line illustrates the position
and value of integers. Number line is helpful in solving problems on integers.

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NUMBER LINE

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 MATHEMATICS 7
Module 2
Mods
Real Number System Weeks
3 & 4(Quarter 1)
l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
−7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

EXAMPLES
A. Name the coordinate of each point.

W E1 L O V E2 M A T H
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
-8 -7 -6 -5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

−8 1. W 1 or + 1 6. E2
−7 2. E1 3 or + 3 7. M
−5 3. L 5 or + 5 8. A
−3 4. O 7 or + 7 9. T
−1 5. V 9 or + 910. H

B. Determine the integer suggested by each situation .

1. Jane lost 3 kilograms of weight. –3
2. The Purefoods team won by 10 points in their last game. + 10
3. Billy withdrawn Php6,000.00 from his savings account. −6,000
4. The submarine is 200 meters below sea level. −200
5. Denver traveled 210 kilometers north. −210

C. Graph each set of numbers on a number line.

1. {−2, −1, 0, 1, 2 } l l l l l
−2 −1 0 1 2

2. { 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } l l l l l l
0 1 2 3 4 5

3. { −3, −2, −1, 0, 1,2,3 } l l l l l l l l

−3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3

Absolute Value of a Number

What is an absolute value of a number?

Study the number line below.

l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l l
−10 −9 −8 −7 −6 −5 −4 −3 −2 −1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

The distance of a number from zero is called the absolute value.

The absolute value of a number is the number of units it is from 0 on a number line . The symbol for
absolute value of a number is two vertical bars ( l l ) around the number, thus,

Example 1. l−5 l = 5 is read: The absolute value of −5 is 5.

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Example 2. l−4l +l 3 l = 7 is read: The absolute value of −4 is 4 plus the absolute value of 3 is 3 so 4 plus 3
equals 7.
As illustrated in the number line above, −6 is 6 units from 0. The number 6 is also 6 units from zero.
Therefore, we can conclude that l−6 l = l+6 l.

Sometimes you will ask to compare absolute values such as l −4 l and l −7 l.

Whereas −4 > −7, what we are dealing here is absolute value. Since l−4 l = 4,l −7 l = 7, and 4 < 7, then l −4
l < l −7 l.
Activity 1: Finding Absolutes

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 MATHEMATICS 7
Module 2
Mods
Real Number System Weeks
3 & 4(Quarter 1)

Fundamental Operations on Integers

A. ADDITION OF INTEGERS
Rules in adding integers
1.To add integers with the same sign, add their absolute values. Give the result the same sign as the
integers.
( The sum of two positive Lesson integers is positive and the sum of two negative integers is negative.)

Example 1. ( 18) + (20) = 38

Example 2. ( −5 ) + (−10) = −15

2. To add integers with different signs, subtract the lesser absolute value from the greater absolute value.
− Give the result the same sign as the integer with the greater absolute value. (When adding a
positive and a negative integers, get the difference of their absolute values and follow the sign of the integer
with greater absolute value)

Example 1. ( 25) + (−10 ) = 15

Example 2. (−17 ) + (14) = −3

Example 3. (5) + (−2) + (−10)

= (5) + ( −12 )
= −7

Example problem: In football tournament, the Philippine Azkals won 3 points against a team in Game 1, lost
2 points in Game 2, and won 4 points in Game 3. What was the Azkals’ net point?
SOLUTION: The number sentence for the problem is 3 + (−2) + 4 = N
To find N, [ 3 + (−2) ] + 4 = N
1+4=N
5=N
B. SUBTRACTION OF INTEGERS
Rule in subtracting integers
To subtract two signed numbers or integers, change the sign of the subtrahend and then follow the
rules for adding signed numbers
SOLUTIONS:

Example 1. (+ 13) – ( + 10) 1. +13 2. −20

− −
( +13) + (−10) = + 3 or 3 − (+)10 −(+) 9
+3 or 3 −29
Example 2: (−20) – ( +9)
(−20) + (−9) = −29
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Example 3: Subtract (+30 ) from (−5) 3. −5

(−5) − (+30) − −(+)30
(−5)+(−30)=−35 −35

Example problem: The highest peak on Earth is Mt. Everest along the boundaries of Nepal and Tibet. It
stands at 8,848 m above sea level. The Marianas Trench, near Mindanao, is the lowest point. It is 11,776 m
below sea level.
How far above the Marianas Trench is the top of Mt. Everest?
SOLUTION: The subtraction problem is 8,848 – ( −11,776)
Using the rule in subtracting integers,
8,848 – ( −11,776) = 8,848 + ( +11,776)
= 20,624
Thus, the top of Mt. Everest is 20,624 meters above the Marianas Trench

C. MULTIPLICATION OF INTEGERS
Rules in multiplying integers

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 MATHEMATICS 7
Module 2
Mods
Real Number System Weeks
3 & 4(Quarter 1)

1. The product of two positive or two negative integers is a positive integer.

2. The product of a negative and a positive integer is a negative integer.

Example 1: (+3) (+5) = +15 or 15 (Note: The product of two positive integers is a positive integer. In other
words, Positive x Positive = Positive)

Example 2: (−3) (−10) = +30 or 30 (Note: The product of two negative integers is a positive integer.
In other words, Negative x Negative = Positive)

Example 3: (5) (−6) = −30

Example 4: (−7) (10) = −70 (Note: When multiplying integers with different signs ( one is positive and the
other negative), the result is negative.
Example 5: (−3) (0) = 0
(5) (0) = 0 (Note: When multiplying an integer and zero, the result is zero(0)).

Example 6:a. (3) (2) (5) = (6) (5) = 30 or +30

b. (9) (2) (−1) = (18) (−1) = −18

c. (−4) (−3) (−5) = (12) (−5) = −60
d. (−2) (−1) (−4) (−3) = + 24 or 2

Example problem: You lost 15 grams each week for 11 weeks. How much weight did you lose in
all?
SOLUTION:
(15) (11) = 165
Thus, you lose 165 grams in all

D. DIVISION OF INTEGERS
Rules in dividing integers
l. The quotient of two integers with the same sign is a positive number.

Example 1: ( +45) ÷ ( +15) = +3 or 3

Example 2: ( −45) ÷ ( − 15) = + 3 or 3

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2. The quotient of two integers with unlike signs is a negative number.

Example 4: ( + 45 ) ÷ ( −15 ) = −3
Example 5: ( −45) ÷ ( +15 ) = −3

Example Problem:

A father has 976 sq. meters lot, he has to divide it among his 4 children. What is the share of each child?

SOLUTION:
( 976 ) ÷ (4) = 244

Thus, the share of each child is 244 sq. meters

Activity 2: Performing Operations
Properties of the Operations on Integers

Properties of the Operations on Integers

1. Commutative Property for Addition: The order of the addends does not affect the sum.
a + b = b + a, where a and b are any real numbers

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 MATHEMATICS 7
Module 2
Mods
Real Number System Weeks
3 & 4(Quarter 1)
Example: a + b = b + a
1+3=3+1
4=4
2. Commutative Property for Multiplication: The order of the factors does not affect the product.
ab = ba, where a and b are real numbers

Example: ab = ba
(4) (3) = (3) (4)
12 = 12

3. Associative Property of Addition:: The addends can be grouped in any order without affecting the sum.
(a + b) + c = a + (b + c) , where a, b, and c are real numbers

Example: (a + b) + c = a + (b + c)
(1 + 3) + 6 = 1 + (3 + 6)
4+6=1+9
10 = 10
4.Associative Property of Multiplication: The factors can be grouped in any order without affecting the
product.
(ab) c = a (bc), where a, b, and c are real numbers
Example (ab) c = a (bc)
(2 . 4) 5 = 2 (4 . 5)
(8) 5 = 2 (20)
40 =40
5. Distributive Property of Multiplication Over Addition and Subtraction:
Addition: a(b + c) = ab + bc
( b+ c) a = ba + ca
Subtraction: a (b – c ) = ab – ac
( b – c ) a = ba – ca , where a, b, and c are real numbers
Example 1: a(b + c) = ab + bc (b + c) a = ba + ca
5(2 + 3) = 5(2) + 5(3) (2 + 3) 5 = 2(5) + 3(5)
5(5) = 10 + 15 5(5) = 10 + 15
25 = 25 25 = 25
Example 2: a(b – c ) = ab – ac (b – c) a = ba – ca
2(6 – 4 ) = 2(6) – 2(4) ( 6 – 4) 2 = 6(2) – 4(2)
2(2) = 12 – 8 (2)2 = 12 – 8
4=4 4=4 15

6. Identity Property for Addition: a + 0 = a, and 0 + a = a, where a is any real number (If 0 is added to any
number, the sum is that number.)

Example: a + 0 = a 0+a=a
9+0=9 0+9=9
7. Identity Property for Multiplication: 1 . a = a and a . 1 = a, where a is any real number ( If 1 is
multiplied to any
number, the product is that number.)
Example: 1 . a = a a.1=a
1 x 10 = 10 10 x 1 = 10

8. Inverse Property of Addition: Each rational number a has an additive inverse –a such that
a + (−a) = 0.
Example: 5 + (−5) = 0

9. Inverse Property of Multiplication: Each rational number a has a multiplicative inverse 1/a such that a .
1/a = 1.
Activity 3: Properties or Liabilities?
Example: 8 . 1/8 = 1

Solution; 8(1)/ 8 = 8/8 = 1

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 MATHEMATICS 7
Module 2
Mods
Real Number System Weeks
3 & 4(Quarter 1)
Expressing Rational Numbers from Fraction form to Decimal form and vice versa)

Review Definition of terms:

Fraction is a part of a whole. A fraction has two parts. The number on the top of the line is called the
numerator (It tells how many equal parts of the whole or collection are taken). The number below the line is
called the denominator. There are 3 types of fractions, the proper, improper and mixed fraction.
Decimal number is any number that is expressed using a decimal point. The dot in a decimal number is
called the decimal point. ( The word “decimal” really means “based on 10”(From Latin word decima: a tenth
part)

A. Changing Fractions to Decimals

1. By Multiplication Method

Example 1: 17 = 17.2 = 34 = 0.34

50 50.2 100
2. 1 ¾ = 1 + 3. 25 = 1 + 75 = 1.75
4. 25 100

2. By Division Method
Example 1: 17/50 (The fraction bar denotes division) Thus, 17/50 = 0.34

Example 2: 1 ¾ = 1 + 3 ÷ 4 = 1 + 0.75, Thus 1 ¾ = 1.75

Let us use the division method to change 3/8 and 2/3 to decimals.

SOLUTION: 1. 3/8 = 0.375 (We can see from the first example that there are fractions that can be changed
exactly to a decimal, that is, when the numerator is divided by the denominator, the remainder is zero. This
decimal is called terminating decimal since division is exact.)

SOLUTION: 2. 2/3 = 0.66… or 0.66 (In the second example, we see that the digit 6 will keep on repeating itself.
This kind of decimal is called a repeating decimal. The digit or series of digits that repeat is called the
repetend. We can indicate the digit or series of digits go on indefinitely by using three dots or by placing a
bar called vinculum over the repetend.)
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Examples: 1. 1/3 = 0.33… or 0.33

2. 4/11 = 0.36… or 0.36

3. 5/9 = 0.55… or 0.55

4. 2/3 = 0.666

B. Changing Decimals to Fractions

How do we express a decimal number as a fraction a/b?

Step 1. Write down the decimal divided by 1.

Step 2. Multiply both the numerator and denominator by 10 for every number after the decimal point.
(For example, if there are two numbers after the decimal point, then use 100, if there are three then use 1000,
etc.)

Step 3. Simplify (or reduce) the fraction.

Examples: 1) 0.3 is read as 3 tenths; thus,

= 3/10

2) 0.15 is read as 15 hundredths; thus,

= 15/100 or 3/20

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 MATHEMATICS 7
Module 2
Mods
Real Number System Weeks
3 & 4(Quarter 1)

3) 0.125 is read as125 thousandths; thus,

= 125/1000 or 1/8
Activity 4: Changing Forms
DEEPEN
Activity 5: Solve Me

SELF-ASSESSMENT : Self- Assessment Scale

REFERENCES

Malate, Jose S. et al., Understanding Mathematics 7, Sta. Ana, Manila, Philippines,

Vicarish Publication and Trading, Inc., 2014

Orines, Fernando B. et al., Next Century Mathematics 7, Quezon City, Philippines, Phoenix
Publishing House, 2012

Campeña, Francis Joseph H. , Ph.D, Advance With Math, Worktext in Mathematics, Manila
Philippines, Rex Book Store, 2021

SMART CLASS Math 7, 2020

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