3.
Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
3. ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY
DETERMINATE TRUSSES
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3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
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Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMMON TYPES OF TRUSSES
Truss - a structure composed of slender members joined together
at their end points. The members commonly used in construction
consist of wooden struts, metal bars, angles, or channels. The joint
connections are usually formed by bolting or welding the ends of
the members to a common plate, called a gusset plate.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMMON TYPES OF TRUSSES
Truss - a structure composed of slender members joined together
at their end points. The members commonly used in construction
consist of wooden struts, metal bars, angles, or channels. The joint
connections are usually formed by bolting or welding the ends of
the members to a common plate, called a gusset plate.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMMON TYPES OF TRUSSES
Roof Trusses
Roof trusses are often used as part of industrial building frame, such as
the one shown.
CIEN
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3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMMON TYPES OF TRUSSES
Roof Trusses
The main structural elements of a typical roof truss is shown.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMMON TYPES OF TRUSSES
Roof Trusses
Common Types of Roof Trusses
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMMON TYPES OF TRUSSES
Roof Trusses
Common Types of Roof Trusses
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMMON TYPES OF TRUSSES
Roof Trusses
Common Types of Roof Trusses
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMMON TYPES OF TRUSSES
Bridge Trusses
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMMON TYPES OF TRUSSES
Bridge Trusses
The main structural elements of a typical bridge truss are shown below.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMMON TYPES OF TRUSSES
Bridge Trusses
Common Types of Bridge Trusses
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
CLASSIFICATION OF COPLANAR TRUSSES
Simple Truss
To prevent collapse, the framework of a truss must be rigid.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
CLASSIFICATION OF COPLANAR TRUSSES
Simple Truss
It is important to realize that simple trusses do not have to consist
entirely of triangles.
CIEN
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3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
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Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
CLASSIFICATION OF COPLANAR TRUSSES
Compound Truss
A compound truss is formed by connecting two or more simple trusses
together.
There are three ways in which simple trusses are joined together to
form a compound truss.
Type 1. The trusses may be connected by a common joint and bar.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
CLASSIFICATION OF COPLANAR TRUSSES
Compound Truss
Type 2. The trusses may be joined by three bars.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
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Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
CLASSIFICATION OF COPLANAR TRUSSES
Compound Truss
Type 3. The trusses may be joined where bars of a large simple truss,
called the main truss, have been substituted by simple trusses, called
secondary trusses.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
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Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
CLASSIFICATION OF COPLANAR TRUSSES
Complex Truss
A complex truss is one that cannot be classified as being either simple
or compound.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY
Determinacy
To get the determinacy of the truss, the following formula shall be used,
b + r = 2j, statically determinate
b + r > 2j, statically indeterminate
where:
b = number of bars or members of the truss
r = number of external support reactions
j = number of joints of truss
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY
Stability
To check the stability of the truss, the following formula shall be used,
b + r < 2j, unstable
b + r > 2j, unstable **
** determinate or indeterminate, the truss can also be
unstable which will be determined by either inspection
or by a force analysis; if reactions are concurrent or
parallel or some of the components form a
collapsible mechanism
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY
Stability
EXTERNAL STABILITY
A structure is externally unstable if all of its reactions are concurrent or
parallel.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY
Stability
INTERNAL STABILITY
The internal stability of truss often can be checked by careful inspection
of the arrangement of its member.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 1
Classify each of the truss as stable, unstable, statically determinate, or
statically indeterminate. The trusses are subjected to arbitrary external
loadings.
b = 19 r=3 j = 11
19 + 3 = 2(11)
statically determinate
and stable
(a)
b = 15 r=4 j=9
15 + 4 > 2(9)
statically indeterminate to the 1st degree (b)
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 2
Classify each of the truss as stable, unstable, statically determinate, or
statically indeterminate. The trusses are subjected to arbitrary external
loadings.
b = 12 r=3 j=8
12 + 3 < 2(8)
unstable
(a)
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
DETERMINACY AND STABILITY
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3
Classify each of the truss as stable, unstable, statically determinate, or
statically indeterminate. The trusses are subjected to arbitrary external
loadings.
b=9 r=3 j=6
9 + 3 = 2(6)
Statically determinate
and stable
(b)
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
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Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
THE METHOD OF JOINTS
Procedure for Analysis
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
THE METHOD OF JOINTS
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 3
Determine the force in each member of the roof truss shown below.
State whether the members are in tension or compression.
2 kN
F
3 kN 3 kN
30° 30°
G E
60° 60°
60° 60°
30° 30° 30° 30°
A D
B C
4m 4m 4m
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
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Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
ZERO-FORCE MEMBERS
Determining Zero-Force Members
Truss analysis using the method of joints is greatly simplified if one is
able to first determine the members that support no loading.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
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Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
THE METHOD OF SECTIONS
Procedure for Analysis
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
THE METHOD OF SECTIONS
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 4
Determine the force in members GF, BF, and BC of the roof truss shown
below. State whether the members are in tension or compression.
2 kN
F
3 kN 3 kN
30° 30°
G E
60° 60°
60° 60°
30° 30° 30° 30°
A D
B C
4m 4m 4m
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
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Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMPOUND TRUSSES
Procedure for Analysis
Type 1. Simple trusses connected together by a common joint
and a bar.
Determine the external reactions on the truss, and then, using the
method of sections, cut the truss through the bar connecting the two
simple trusses so that this bar force may be obtained when one of the
sectioned parts is isolated as a free body. Once this force is obtained,
proceed to analyze the simple trusses using the method of joints.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
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Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMPOUND TRUSSES
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 5
Indicate how to analyze the compound truss shown. The reactions at
the supports have been calculated.
CIEN
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3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMPOUND TRUSSES
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 5
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMPOUND TRUSSES
Procedure for Analysis
Type 2. Simple trusses connected together with three bars.
Determine the external reactions on the truss. Use the method of
sections and cut each of the three bars that connect the two simple
trusses together. From a free-body diagram of one of the sectioned
part, determine each of the three bar forces. Proceed to analyze each
simple truss using the method of joints.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMPOUND TRUSSES
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 6
Indicate how to analyze the compound truss shown. The reactions at
the supports have been calculated.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMPOUND TRUSSES
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 6
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMPOUND TRUSSES
Procedure for Analysis
Type 3. Large trusses composed of secondary trusses pin
connected to form a main truss.
Although many of these types of trusses can be analyzed using the
method of sections combined with the method of joints, we will instead
use a more general method. Remove the secondary trusses and replace
them by dashed members so as to construct the main truss. The loads
that the secondary trusses exert on the main truss are also placed on
the main truss at the joints where the secondary trusses are connected
to the main truss.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMPOUND TRUSSES
Procedure for Analysis
Type 3. Large trusses composed of secondary trusses pin
connected to form a main truss.
Determine the forces in the dashed members of the main truss using
the method of joints or the method of sections. These forces are then
applied to the joints of the secondary trusses and then, using the
method of joints, the bar forces in the secondary trusses can be
obtained.
CIEN
CIEN 306
3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
THEORY 1
Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
3. Analysis of Statically Determinate Trusses
COMPOUND TRUSSES
SAMPLE PROBLEM NO. 7
Indicate how to analyze the compound truss shown. The reactions at
the supports have been calculated.
E
3 kN 3 kN
F D
G H
45°
A C
B
6m 6m
4.62 kN 5 kN 4.62 kN
CIEN
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3144STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURALTHEORY
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Prepared by Engr. Melvin G. Singayan
