ETHICS{GREEK WORD ETHOS -

HABIT/CHARACTER}-

STANDARDS OF HUMAN CONDUCT THAT SOCIETY ADOPTS FOR ITSELF.

SET OF DO’S AND DON'TS THAT GOVERN HUMAN CONDUCT IN SOCIAL
SETTING.

1.AS A DISCIPLINE - IDENTIFYING AND BUILDING PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT AND

WRONG.
2.AS A PRACTICE -SET OF RULES THAT GUIDE OUR CONDUCT RIGHT AND
WRONG.

MORALS-
PRINCIPLES OF RIGHT AND WRONG HELD BY AN INDIVIDUAL.ARISE FROM
PERSONAL EXPERIENCE , CHARACTER ,CONSCIENCE AND SO ON…

DIFFERENCE
MORALS ETHICS
INDIVIDUAL RIGHT & WRONG. R&W ACCEPTED BY SOCIAL GROUPS.

ARISE WITHIN. OUTSIDE THE SELF.

DIFFICULT TO CODIFY(PERSON VARIES). SOMETIMES POSSIBLE.EG- IN

ORGANIZATION).

CHARACTER. CONDUCT.

PRIVATE SPHERE. PUBLIC SPHERE.

EG- LAWYER HELPING GUILTY CLIENT GET EG-LAWYER ABANDONING CASE AFTER
AWAY WITHOUT ANY CHARGES IS IMMORAL. KNOWING ACCUSED IS GUILTY,GOES
AGAINST PROFESSIONAL ETHICS.
NOTE-BOTH CAN BE SAME OR DIFFERENT.

ESSENCE OF ETHICS-
ESSENCE MEANS INTRINSIC QUALITY THAT DETERMINES THE CHARACTER OF
A THING.

1. GOOD LIFE- LIFE OF VIRTUES. BHAGAVAD GITA SAYS PURPOSE OF HUMAN

LIFE IS TO FULFILL HIS DUTY AND ADHERE TO VIRTUES.
2.AIDS IN SELF AND BENEFICIAL FOR SOCIETAL PRESERVATION-LEADS TO
PEACE,HARMONY,RESPECT,JUSTICE ETC.
3.CONTEXTUAL- DETERMINED IN SOCIAL SETTING.FOR INSTANCE ISSUES
LIKE ABORTION, SURROGACY ARE JUDGED DIFFERENTLY IN DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES.
4.INNATE GOODNESS-AIMS TO TELL PEOPLE WHAT IS THE RIGHT THING TO
DO.
5.ABSTRACT- ETHICS IS LIKE ELECTRICITY. IT CAN'T BE SEEN OR SENSED
BUT IT IS ALL AROUND US HAVING GREAT IMPACT.
6.SUBJECTIVE- IS NOT AN OBJECTIVE UNIVERSAL CONCEPT. ITS
UNDERSTANDING VARIES FROM TIME TO TIME,PERSON TO PERSON,SOCIETY
TO SOCIETY.EG- COW VIGILANTISM, HONOR KILLINGS ETC.
7.VOLUNTARY ACTION- IT ONLY DEALS WITH ACTIONS WHEN THE PERSON
ACTS WITH FREE WILL WITHOUT ANY COERCION.EG- DOING SOMETHING
UNETHICAL AT GUNPOINT CAN'T BE CALLED …
8.PRESCRIPTIVE- ARE PRESCRIBED WITHOUT ANY REASON OR
EXPLANATION. THIS UNDERMINE PEOPLE’S RESPECT AND VALUE FOR
ETHICAL BEHAVIOR. EG- FAMILY VALUES R DECLINING AMONG YOUTH BCZ
THEIR SIGNIFICANCE & RATIONALE R NOT EXPLAINED TO THEM.
9.DESCRIPTIVE- SOME SCHOLARS STUDY BEHAVIOR OF COMMUNITIES &
EXAMINE STANDARDS OF ETHICAL BEHAVIOR I.E HOW PEOPLE DO BEHAVE.

DETERMINANTS OF ETHICS
FACTORS THAT SHAPE THE ETHICAL STANDARDS & BEHAVIOR OF PEOPLE.
HELPS IN DECIDING WHAT IS RIGHT AND WRONG.EG- SOME SOCIETY MAY
DECIDE R&W BASED ON ECONOMIC PHILOSOPHY WHEREAS SOME SOCIETY
MAY DECIDE IT BASED ON HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE.
ETHICAL VALUES R ALSO DETERMINED BY FACTORS LIKE FAMILY,
EDUCATION, MEDIA, CONSCIENCE & SO ON.

OTHER SOCIAL FACTORS

1.TIME- KEEP CHANGING.EG - SATI , PURDAH, UNTOUCHABILITY ETC WERE
CONSIDERED ETHICAL IN 18 CENTURY INDIA BUT NOT ANYMORE.
2.EXPERIENCE-AFTER SOME EXPERIENCES,WE MIGHT ADHERE TO ETHICAL
STANDARDS STRONGLY.EG - ASHOKA EXPERIENCE IN KALINGA WAR
CHANGED HIS ETHICAL STANDARDS OF KINGSHIP.
3.COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS- COMPARISON OF POSITIVE NEGATIVE
CONSEQUENCES OF ACTION IS USED TO JUDGE THEIR ETHICALITY.EG- BIG
DAMS CAUSES DISPLACEMENT OF MANY PEOPLE, BUT GOVT JUSTIFIES IT
BASED ON GREATER NO. OF PEOPLE BENEFITED BY DRINKING
WATER,IRRIGATION,ELECTRICITY ETC.
4.INSPIRATION-EG- STUDENT LEADERS JUSTIFY THEIR CAUSE & PROTESTS
BY GIVING EG OF BHAGAT SINGH WHO WAS A RADICAL SOCIALIST.
5.POWER-EG-CELEBRITIES AND SOCIAL LEADERS LIKE SADHGURU
INFLUENCE PEOPLE & AFFECT ETHICAL STANDARDS.
6.EDUCATION-EG-HITLER DESIGNED EDUCATIONAL CURRICULUM IN SUCH A
WAY SO AS TO SHAPE THE PEOPLE ETHICAL STANDARD IN FAVOR OF
AUTHORITARIANISM & NATIONALISM.
7.CONSTITUTION & LAW-EG- SWACHH BHARAT ABHIYAN HAS AFFECTED
ETHICAL STANDARDS OF PEOPLE IN FAVOR OF CLEANLINESS & SANITATION.
8.TRADITION & CULTURE -EG - GENDER INEQUALITY IS CONSIDERED ETHICAL
IN SAUDI ARABIA DUE TO ITS PECULIAR CULTURE & TRADITION.

CONSEQUENCES OF ETHICS
INDIVIDUALS & SOCIETY

FOR INDIVIDUALS FOR SOCIETY

HAPPINESS- ARISTOTLE SAYS PEACE HARMONY- LEADS TO

PRACTICING GOLDEN MEAN LEADS RECIPROCATION & LEADS TO
TO HAPPINESS WHICH HE CALLS PEACEFUL & STABLE SOCIETY.EG-
EUDAIMONIA. EG- DONATING BLOOD PEACE IN WORLD IF COUNTRIES
MAKES US FEEL GOOD WITHIN. ADHERE INTERNATIONAL LAW.

POSITIVE OUTLOOK TOWARDS JUSTICE & INCULCATION- RESULTS

SOCIETY-HELPS IN BUILDING TRUST. IN EQUALITY OF STATUS &
OPPORTUNITY,FAIR TREATMENT,ETC.

ELEVATED SENSE OF BEING-HIGHER GOOD GOVERNANCE-GREATER

ORDER BEING WHO IS BEYOND EFFECTIVENESS AND EFFICIENCY IN
LOWER ORDER NEEDS. EG-LORD ADMINISTRATION & LEADS GREATER
RAMA FOCUSED ON VIRTUES OF PUBLIC SATISFACTION.EG- KIRAN
COURAGE, RESPONSIBILITY ETC BEDI TURNED OUT TIHAR JAIL WITH
NOT KINGSHIP,POWER ETC. HER VALUES OF INTEGRITY,
COMPASSION,DEDICATION ETC.

ACCEPTABILITY & LIKEABILITY- EG- EQUITABLE & INCLUSIVE

CHILDREN WHO RESPECT THEIR DEVELOPMENT- IT ENSURES FAIR
ELDERS ARE APPRECIATED BY OPPORTUNITY, FAIR DISTRIBUTION
THEIR FAMILY & RELATIVES. OF RESOURCES,ETC.

CREDIBILITY- LEADERS WITH FUTURE GENERATIONS-

INTEGRITY & HONESTY HAVE SUSTAINABLE SOCIAL ORDER. EG-
GREATER INFLUENCE UPON PUBLIC WHEN YOUNG BOYS SEE WOMEN
THAN LEADERS WITH BEING RESPECTED WITHIN THE
QUESTIONABLE RECORDS. HOUSEHOLD, THEY RESPECT
WOMEN IN THEIR SOCIAL LIFE AS
WELL.

ACCOMPLISHMENT- EG- KIRAN BEDI , ENVIRONMENT- EG- BASIC

TSR SUBRAMANIAN HAVE HELD HIGH BEHAVIOUR SUCH AS NOT WASTING
POSITIONS IN GOVT. WATER , ELECTRICITY,FUEL ETC CAN
GO LONG WAY SAVING THE
ENVIRONMENT.
INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS - CHANGE-EG- LIBERAL HUMANISTIC
RECENT STUDY BY HARVARD ON ETHICS IN 19 CENTURY INDIA
ADULT DEVELOPMENT 1938-2015( REFORMED THE SOCIETY & CURBED
WORLD LONGEST STUDY EVER) HAS SOCIAL ILLS LIKE SATI,
CONCLUDED THAT GOOD RESTRICTIONS ON WIDOW
RELATIONSHIPS KEEP US HAPPIER & REMARRIAGE, POLYGAMY,ETC.
HEALTHIER.

DECISION MAKING-EG-CIVIL FAITH- ETHICAL BEHAVIOR

SERVANTS HAVE CODE OF ETHICS MAINTAINS FAITH OF PEOPLE IN A
TO GUIDE THEIR DECISION MAKING. SUPREME AUTHORITY( LIKE GOD) &
HENCE , SUSTAIN SOCIAL ORDER.

DIMENSIONS OF ETHICS

1.THEORETICAL DIMENSIONS - ABOUT WHAT

ETHICS IS, WHAT IS RIGHT TO DO, WHAT PEOPLE
ACTUALLY DO & SO ON.

A.NORMATIVE/PRESCRIPTIVE ETHICS-3S.O.T(VIRTUE ETHICS, TELEOLOGICAL

ETHICS & DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS.)

1 VIRTUE ETHICS- PURSUE A PARTICULAR VIRTUE.EG- ARISTOTLE SAID THAT

FOLLOWING THE GOLDEN MEAN(MIDDLE PATH) IS RIGHT THING TO DO &
LEADS TO SATISFACTION & HAPPINESS IN LIFE.
2 TELEOLOGICAL ETHICS- LEAD TO RIGHT ENDS.EG- BENTHAM & MILL CLAIM
THAT RIGHT COURSE OF ACTION LEADS TO THE GGGN & HENCE JUSTIFIES
ACT LIKE WELFARISM , BIG DAMS ETC.
3 DEONTOLOGICAL ETHICS -MEANS USED ARE RIGHT.EG- KANT ASK PEOPLE
TO DO RIGHT THING IN ITSELF AS IT IS THEIR DUTY, CALLED AS CATEGORICAL
IMPERATIVE. WHEN THE ACTION ITSELF IS ETHICAL, THE BEHAVIOR IS
ETHICAL REGARDLESS OF CONSEQUENCES.
MEANS VS ENDS (MG VS MACHIAVELLI)
“ENDS JUSTIFY THE MEANS”.-MACHIAVELLI
“THE PATH SHOULD BE AS PIOUS AS THE DESTINATION”.-MG

B.DESCRIPTIVE ETHICS- WHAT PEOPLE ACTUALLY DO(NOT WHAT PEOPLE

SHOULD DO)& WHAT PEOPLE THINK IS THE RIGHT THING TO DO.

C.META ETHICS- 2 DOMAINS-

1 META ISSUES- CORE OF THE CORE ISSUES.EG- MG USE CONSCIENCE AS
THE BASIS OF ETHICAL NORMS. ON OTHER HAND AYN RAND USE REASON AS
BASIS OF ETHICAL PRINCIPLES.
2 METAPHYSICAL-COSMIC ISSUES.EG- BHAGWAD GITA PROCLAIMS THAT
EVERY ENTITY HAS THEIR PATH LAID DOWN WHICH THEY MUST FOLLOW IN
ORDER TO ATTAIN SALVATION.

2.APPLIED DIMENSIONS

A.BIOETHICS- ETHICAL ISSUES IN THE FIELD OF HUMAN BIOLOGY &

BIOTECHNOLOGY.
ISSUES COVERED BY BIOETHICS-

1 PRIVACY- EG- A PERSON HAVING A CHRONIC LIFE THREATENING DISEASE

MAY NOT WANT TO REVEAL THAT TO ANOTHER PERSON.

2 BIO-PIRACY- IT IS EXPECTED THAT BIOLOGICAL RESOURCES SHOULD NOT

BE EXPLOITED BY DEVELOPED COUNTRIES. EG- NAGOYA PROTOCOL UNDER
THE CONVENTION ON BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY MANDATES SIGNATORY
COUNTRIES TO ENSURE ACCESS & BENEFIT SHARING FOR GREATER GOOD
OF BIOTECHNOLOGY & MANKIND.

3 ABORTION- DEBATED ETHICALLY. PRO LIFE VS PRO CHOICE. WITH

INCREASING MODERNITY INDIA HAS ALSO RELAXED ITS ABORTION LAW.
HOWEVER, THE ACT OF ABORTION IN INDIA IS STILL A TABOO.

4 CLONING- HIGHLY ADVANCED SCIENCE WHICH CAN BE USED ON HUMANS,

ANIMALS, PLANTS, MICROBES ETC. BIOMEDICAL ETHICS HAS ACCEPTED
WORLDWIDE THAT IT IS A RISKY & UNETHICAL ACT, AS IT IS ARTIFICIALLY
DONE.
 5 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS- IPR SHOULD STRIKE A BALANCE BW
THE PVT & PUBLIC INTEREST OF AVAILABILITY & AFFORDABILITY.

6 GENE EDITING- ETHICAL STIMULATION THAT GENE EDITING SHOULD ONLY

BE USED FOR HUMAN WELL BEING.

7 CLINICAL TRIALS- TRIALS CARRY ON EXPERIMENTS UPON PEOPLE BY

OFFERING MONEY. IT CAN POSSIBLY HARM HEALTH OF INDIVIDUAL BUT R
NECESSARY FOR PUBLIC HEALTH & INNOVATION. TO BALANCE 2 CONCERNS
THERE ARE ETHICAL NORMS CONSENT, SAFETY,ETC.

B. MEDICAL ETHICS-LIKE - END OF LIFE CARE, INFORMED CONSENT,

ATTACHMENT WITH PATIENT,EUTHANASIA,PRESCRIPTION,PATIENT
IDENTITY,CLINICAL TRIALS, TRIAGE ESPECIALLY DURING COVID.

C. MEDIA ETHICS- LIKE- INDEPENDENCE,OBJECTIVITY, SENSATIONALISM ,

EDITORIAL INDEPENDENCE,OWNERSHIP, RESPONSIBILITY & SENSITIVITY,
HONESTY, ACCOUNTABILITY, MEANS TO OBTAIN INFORMATION.

D.ENVIRONMENTAL ETHICS-LIKE -SUSTAINABILITY,

COMPENSATION,CONSERVATION,EQUITY,RIGHTS,MOTHER NATURE
.
E.ADMINISTRATIVE ETHICS -LIKE TRANSPARENCY,INTEGRITY,
OBJECTIVITY,COMPASSION, DEDICATION TO PUBLIC SERVICE, IMPARTIALITY.

F.BUSINESS ETHICS

G.CYBER ETHICS- LIKE- OBEYING THE LAW, IPR, PRIVACY, FREE & OPEN
INTERNET, RESPECT, PUBLIC DECENCY, HONESTY, DISCRIMINATION.

ETHICS IN PUBLIC & PVT RELATIONSHIPS

TYPES OF RELATIONSHIP

PUBLIC RELATIONSHIP PVT RELATIONSHIP

EXIST OPENLY . EXIST IN PVT.

GIVE & TAKE, RULES EMOTIONS, LOVE, LOYALTY, KINSHIP

TOLERANCE LOW TOLERANCE LARGE.

MOSTLY VOLUNTARILY MAY BE VOLUNTARY OR INVOL….

REGULATED LARGELY UNREGULATED

TEMPORARY IN NATURE RELATIVELY PERMANENT

EG-COLLEAGUES,FELLOW CITIZENS, EG- SPOUSE,FRIEND,SON/DAUGHTER,

BUSINESS, ETC. ETC.

ETHICS FOR DIFFERENT TYPES OF RELATIONSHIPS

PUBLIC RELATIONSHIPS
LIKE - OPENNESS, HONESTY & INTEGRITY, ROL, EQUALITY & UNIFORMITY,
ACCOUNTABILITY, ADHERE TO DUTIES.

PVT RELATIONSHIPS
LIKE- LOVE & CARE, CONFIDENTIALITY, TRUTHFULNESS, RESPONSIBILITY,
PERSEVERANCE.

COMPARISON OF ETHICS IN PUBLIC & PVT RELATIONSHIP

ETHICS IN PUBLIC REL… ETHICS IN PVT REL…

CONCERNS COMMUNITY, SOCIETY ETC. CONCERNS FAMILY, FRIENDS ETC.

FORMAL IN NATURE. INFORMAL IN NATURE.

BASED ON SOCIETAL & PERSONAL BASED ON PERSONAL VALUES,

NORMS. MORALITY & FAMILY VALUES.

LARGE ROLE OF R & REGUL.. LARGE ROLE OF FEELINGS &

EMOTIONS.

EXTERNALLY IMPOSED SELF IMPOSED

CODIFIED NOT CODIFIED GENERALLY

LEGAL,SOCIAL,PROFESSIONAL & SUCH VIOLATION GENERALLY GOES

IMPLICATIONS IF NORMS ARE UNPUNISHED BUT LOSS OF
VIOLATED. REPUTATION IN SOCIETY.
SEPARATION OF PUBLIC & PVT REL…

REASONS-
1. BOTH R CONDUCTED IN VERY DIFFICULT WAYS.
2. BOTH SHOULD REMAIN UNAFFECTED BY THE PROBLEM OF
OTHERS.EG-PEOPLE EXPECT PUBLIC SERVANTS TO BE BEST
REGARDLESS OF PROBLEM IN THEIR PRIVATE LIVES.
3. MIXING OF 2 KINDS OF REL. CREATES PROBLEM. EG- KING
DHRITARASHTRA LET HIS PVT REL. WITH HIS SON AFFECT HIS PUBLIC
DECISION MAKING WHEN HE WANTED HIS SON TO BE THE KING
DESPITE BEING UNWORTHY.
4. JUDGMENT IN BOTH REL. R SEPARATE BY SOCIETY. EG- M.G. IS
RESPECTED AS FATHER OF NATION BUT HE IS NOT JUDGED FOR HIS
TROUBLED REL. WITH HIS OWN SON.
5. PREVENTING CONFLICTS OF INT.- EG- RANJIT SINHA FORMER CBI CHIEF,
MET ACCUSED IN A CASE AT HIS RESIDENCE & HIS INTEGRITY WAS
QUESTIONED.
6. MAINTAINING SANCTITY OF PVT LIFE- EG- POLITICIANS KEEP THEIR
PRIVATE LIVES SEPARATE FROM PUBLIC AS THEIR PUBLIC LIFE IS
HEAVILY SCRUTINIZED & CRITICIZED.

PROBLEM WITH SEPARATION-

NOT FEASIBLE, MAY NOT BE ALWAYS DESIRABLE, NOT MANAGEABLE, NOT
SEPARABLE.

EFFECT OF PUBLIC REL. ON PVT REL.

1.POSITIVE-
LIKE INSPIRATION, VALUE, HUMANE.
2.NEGATIVE-
LIKE SPILL OVER, TIME MGM.

EFFECT OF PVT REL.. ON PUBLIC REL..

1.POSITIVE-
A.INTERPERSONAL RELATIONS-EG- STUDIES BY PSYCHOLOGISTS LIKE
DOUGLAS MCGREGOR HAVE SHOWN THAT
TRUST,CONFIDENCE,POLITENESS,ETC. BY MANAGERS ENHANCES
MOTIVATION OF THEIR SUBORDINATES.
B.POSITIVE MOOD-GIVES SATISFACTION. THIS IS THE LOGIC BEHIND SAYING
‘HAPPY WIFE, HAPPY LIFE’.
2.NEGATIVE-
A.STRESS- EG- COMPANIES PROVIDE HOLIDAY PACKAGES FOR THEIR
WORKERS & FAMILIES SO THAT THEIR FAMILY LIFE REMAINS HEALTHY.
B.PREJUDICE-EG- FRIENDS BELONGING TO PARTICULAR COMMUNITY
BEHAVES IN A PARTICULAR WAY,WE DEVELOP A STEREOTYPE ABOUT THE
ENTIRE COMMUNITY.

COMMON ETHICS IN PUBLIC & PVT REL…

1.HONESTY-
EG- BOTH MARRIAGE AS WELL AS SUPERIOR SUBORDINATE REL.. REQUIRE
LOYLTY.
2.INTERPERSONAL FACTORS-
EG-MANY BUSINESS HAVE STARTED PROVIDING SENSITIVITY TRAINING
(T-GROUP TRAINING) TO THEIR EMPLOYEES SO AS TO IMPROVE
INTERPERSONAL REL..
3.ACCOUNTABILITY-
EG- PEOPLE ARE EXPECTED TO ACCOUNT FOR THEIR FINANCIAL DECISIONS
BOTH IN HOUSEHOLD & WORKPLACE.
4.COMPASSION-
EG-PEOPLE HELP NOT ONLY THEIR FAMILY MEMBERS BUT ALSO
COLLEAGUES ,NEIGHBORS,ETC.

BALANCING IT OUT-
IT WILL BE HELPFUL IF WE SEE THE ETHICS OF PUBLIC &
PVT REL.. IN A CONTINUUM RATHER THAN WATERTIGHT
COMPARTMENTS.
HUMAN VALUES

QUALITIES THAT R IMPORTANT TO US. VALUES R BENCHMARKS OR

STANDARDS ON WHICH THE DESIRABILITY OF AN ACTION CAN BE
MEASURED.EG- HONESTY, INTEGRITY,EMPATHY,COURAGE,ETC. PEOPLE
ADOPT CERTAIN VALUES IN LIFE & STRIVE TO ATTAIN THEM THROUGH THEIR
DECISION & ACTIONS.

1.VALUES-> 2.OUTLOOK-> 3.ATTITUDE-> 4.ACTIONS

LESSONS FROM THE LIVES OF GREAT

LEADERS

1.COURAGE- EG- BOSE WENT ACROSS THE WORLD,

MOBILIZED THE INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY TO FIGHT THE
BRITISH ARMY & FREE INDIA.
2.HUMILITY-EG- NEHRU ONCE SAID THAT HE IS A SERVANT
OF THE PEOPLE & PEOPLE SHOULD CALL HIM ‘PRATHAM
SEVAK’ INSTEAD OF PRADHAN MANTRI.
3.JUSTICE-EG-AMBEDKAR SACRIFICED THE BRIGHT
CAREER TO ENSURE JUSTICE FOR MARGINALIZED
SECTIONS LIKE WOMEN, LABORERS, DALITS THROUGH
 SOCIO-POLITICAL STRUGGLES LIKE THE MAHAR MOVM,
HINDU CODE BILL ETC.
4.SELFLESSNESS-EG- MANDELA SACRIFICED HIS YOUNG
LIFE & READILY WENT TO PRISON FOR 27 YEARS TO FIGHT
FOR FREEDOM OF HIS PEOPLE.
5.COMPASSION-EG-SAINT TERESA STAYED IN INDIA
DESPITE BEING A FOREIGNER TO DO VOLUNTARY
CHARITABLE WORK FOR ELDERLY,HOMELESS,AIDS
PATIENTS ETC.
6.RESPECT-EG-AKBAR SHOWED RESPECT TO RULERS &
PEOPLES OF ALL RELIGIONS & REGIONS & FOSTERED AN
INCLUSIVE PEACEFUL & PROSPEROUS INDIA.
7.PEACE-EG-MARTIN LUTHER KING,LIKE
GANDHIJI,ADOPTED THE PEACEFUL METHOD OF
STRUGGLE & HIS ACHIEVEMENTS PROVED ITS
EFFECTIVENESS.
8.INTEGRITY- EG-AMBEDKAR SHOWED THE
UNCOMPROMISING NATURE OF HIS PRINCIPLES WHEN HE
RESIGNED FROM GOVT. AFTER HIS HINDU CODE BILL WAS
REJECTED BY PARLIAMENT.

LESSONS FROM THE LIVES OF GREAT

REFORMERS

REFORMERS LESSONS
1.BR AMBEDKAR PERSEVERANCE &
DEDICATION,RATIONALITY &
REASON,SOCIAL EQUALITY,
HUMANISM, DIGNITY FOR
 ALL,COURAGE.
2.RAJA RAM MOHAN ROY RATIONALIST,INTELLECTUAL,
SOCIAL EQUALITY,KINDNESS
& COMPASSION,HUMANISM,
DIGNITY FOR ALL,INTEGRITY.
3.ISHWAR CHANDRA REASON & INQUIRY FOR
VIDYASAGAR SEEKING TRUTH,
PERSEVERANCE,
COMPASSION & KINDNESS,
SOCIAL EQUALITY, DIGNITY
FOR ALL, SELFLESSNESS.
4.SWAMI VIVEKANAND RESPECT FOR
HUMANITY,REASON,RATIONA
LITY & INTELLECT, SENSE OF
ETHICAL ACCOUNTABILITY
,COURAGE, DIGNITY FOR
ALL,COMPASSION,
SELFLESSNESS.
5.DAYANAND SARASWATI HUMANISM,SOCIAL EQUALITY
& RESPECT FOR SOCIAL
JUSTICE, RATIONALITY,
KINDNESS, DIGNITY FOR ALL.
6.RABINDRANATH TAGORE HUMANISM,COMPASSION,BEN
EVOLENCE,INTEGRITY,NATIO
NALISM,KINDNESS,SOCIAL
EQUALITY.
7.MARTIN LUTHER KING INTEGRITY,HUMANISM,SOCIA
L JUSTICE,DIGNITY FOR
ALL,COMPASSION,PEACE
LOVING,COURAGE,LEADERS
 HIP.
8.NELSON MANDELA BENEVOLENCE,COMPASSION
& KINDNESS, INTEGRITY,
HUMANISM, DIGNITY FOR
ALL,LEADERSHIP,LOVE FOR
JUSTICE,PEACE
LOVING,INTEGRITY,COURAGE
9.SAVITRIBAI PHULE KINDNESS,COMPASSION,EMP
ATHY,
BENEVOLENCE,SELFLESSNE
SS LEADING BY EG, DIGNITY
FOR
ALL,HUMANISM,COURAGE.

LESSONS FROM ADMINISTRATORS

LEADERS VALUES
1.PARAMESWARAN LEADERSHIP,DEDICATION,EM
IYER(SENIOR IAS OFFICER) OTIONAL
INTELLIGENCE(MOTIVATION)
2.TN NESHAN(10TH EC OF LEADERSHIP,HONESTY,INTEG
INDIA) RITY,DEDICATION,DISCIPLINE.
3.ELATTUVALAPIL LEADERSHIP,HONESTY,INTEG
SREEDHARAN(INDIAN CIVIL RITY,DEDICATION,DISCIPLINE.
ENGINEER & RETIRED IRSE
OFFICER)
4.TUKARAM OMBLE(INDIAN SELFLESSNESS,COURAGE,DE
POLICE OFFICER) DICATION.
5.SWAROCHISH SELFLESSNESS,DEDICATION,
SOMAVANSHI(IAS OFFICER) COMPASSION, EMPATHY.
6.PRASANTH NAIR(IAS OPENNESS,COMMUNITY
OFFICER) PARTICIPATION,EMOTIONAL
INTELLIGENCE,LEADERSHIP,C
OMPASSION.
7.M.VISVESVARAYA(FORMER INTEGRITY,HONESTY
DIWAN OF MYSORE)
8.SATYENDRA DUBEY(IES) INTEGRITY,HONESTY,SELFLE
SSNESS.
9.SHANMUGAM INTEGRITY,
MANJUNATH(GRADE A HONESTY,SELFLESSNESS
OFFICER)
10.PARIKIPANDLA LEADERSHIP,DEDICATION,SO
NARAHARI(IAS OFFICER MP) CIAL EQUALITY.

ROLE OF FAMILY,EDUCATION & SOCIETY IN

INCULCATION OF VALUES

ROLE OF FAMILY

HOW FAMILY IMPARTS VALUES?

1.CHILD REARING PRACTICES- EG- STUDIES LIKE CONTACT COMFORT STUDY

HAVE SHOWN THAT CHILDREN WHO HAVE RECEIVED PERSONAL TOUCH
FROM THEIR PARENTS TURN OUT TO BE MORE EMOTIONALLY
STABLE,COMPASSIONATE,CALM & COMPOSED.
2.OBSERVATIONAL LEARNING- EG-CHILDREN WHO WITNESS DOMESTIC
VIOLENCE & GENDER DISCRIMINATION AT THEIR HOME THEMSELVES
DEVELOP SIMILAR VICES & FAIL TO DEVELOP VALUES OF GENDER EQUALITY.
3.ROLE MODELS-EG-DAUGHTERS DRESS LIKE THEIR MOTHERS,SONS TALK &
BEHAVE LIKE THEIR FATHER.
4.TEACHINGS-EG- PANCHATANTRA STORIES WAS A COMMON WAY OF
IMPARTING VALUES.
5.JOINT FAMILY-EG- JOINT FAMILY IMPARTS VALUES LIKE
TOLERANCE,COOPERATION,SACRIFICE,CARE,ETC.
6.SOCIAL INFLUENCE(RELATIVES,MEETINGS)-EG- FAMILY MEETINGS R ALSO
AN OCCASION WHERE CHILDREN ARE IMPARTED VALUES LIKE
RESPECT,COURTESY,FRIENDLINESS ETC.
7.REWARD & PUNISHMENT/RULES & REGULATIONS-EG- WHEN CHILDREN
CLEAN UP THEIR ROOM OR SHOW GOOD BEHAVIOR ,THEY ARE TREATED
WITH SWEETS OR GIVEN PERMISSION TO GO OUT WITH FRIENDS.
8.AUTHORITY-EG-GRANDFATHER & FATHER OFTEN TEACH RESPONSIBILITY &
TOUGHNESS TO THE KIDS.
9.TRADITIONS & CUSTOMS-EG- TOUCHING ELDERS FEET BEFORE LEAVING
HOME MAKES CHILDREN DEVELOP A RESPECT FOR ELDERS.

QUOTE- “AS GOES THE FAMILY,SO GOES THE NATION & SO

GOES THE WHOLE WORLD IN WHICH WE LIVE.”- POPE
JOHN PAUL 2
“WE ARE THE AVG. OF THE 5 PEOPLE WE SPEND THE
MOST TIME WITH.”- JIM ROHN

ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTE

HOW EDUCATION IMPARTS VALUES-

1.CURRICULUM- RECENTLY, DELHI GOVT. HAS FORMULATED THE HAPPINESS

CURRICULUM TO ENSURE INCULCATION OF RIGHT VALUES AMONG
STUDENTS.
2.TEACHING TOOLS- TEACHING USES TOOLS LIKE TECHNOLOGY,CASE
STUDIES,PROJECT WORK ETC. TO ENHANCE EFFECTIVENESS OF LEARNING &
ENSURE LASTING IMPACT UPON CHILDREN.
3.VISITS & OUTINGS-EG- STUDENTS ARE TAKEN TO MOTHER TERESA
HOMES,SLUMS ETC. TO INCULCATE COMPASSION & SENSITIVITY AMONG
CHILDREN.
4.DISCIPLINES- EG-SPECIFIC SUBJECTS LIKE MORAL SCIENCE, HOME
SCIENCE ETC. ARE DESIGNED TO MAKE STUDENTS AWARE OF MORAL
CONCEPTS & THEIR IMPORTANCE.
5.COMMUNITY WORK- SPECIFIC TECHNIQUE OF LEARNING & INCULCATING
VALUES LIKE TEAMWORK,EMPATHY,CARE,UNITY ETC. ALSO KNOWN AS
SOCIALLY USEFUL PRODUCTIVE WORK(SUPW) IN EDUCATIONAL
CURRICULUM.
6.OBSERVATION-STUDENTS OBSERVE THE BEHAVIOR OF FELLOW STUDENTS,
TEACHERS ETC. & THEY EMULATE GOOD BEHAVIOR IN ORDER TO IMBIBE
GOOD VALUES.
7.PEERS-PEER PRESSURE WORKS EFFECTIVELY AMONG PEOPLE AT YOUNG
AGE.
8.TEACHERS AS ROLE MODELS-STUDENTS EMULATE THE BEHAVIOR OF
TEACHERS WHO THEMSELVES BEHAVE AS PER A CERTAIN CODE OF
CONDUCT.
9.DIALECTICS-EG- SOCRATES DEVISED THIS TECHNIQUE BASED ON THE IDEA
THAT PEOPLE LACK VALUES DUE TO LACK OF PROPER KNOWLEDGE.
QUOTE- “EDUCATION WITHOUT VALUES,AS USEFUL AS IT IS,
SEEMS RATHER TO MAKE MAN A MORE CLEVER DEVIL.”-C.S.
LEWIS

“INTELLIGENCE PLUS CHARACTER ,THAT IS THE TRUE GOAL

OF EDUCATION.”- MARTIN LUTHER KING

ROLE OF SOCIETY

HOW SOCIETY IMPART VALUES-

1. RELIGION- IT CARRIES GREAT WEIGHT AMONG PEOPLE PARTICULARLY IN

INDIA & THUS , PLAY KEY ROLE IN VALUE INCULCATION.
2. TRADITION & CUSTOMS-THEY ARE BASED ON VARIOUS VALUES SUCH AS
LOYALTY(RAKSHA BANDHAN), COURAGE(TILAK)ETC. & THUS THEIR PRACTICE
INCULCATES THE RESPECTIVE VALUES.
3.POLITICS-EG- ANTI-EMERGENCY STUDENT MOVM. OF 1975 INCULCATED
AMONG YOUTH THE VALUES OF LIBERTY, DEMOCRACY, CONSTITUTIONALISM
ETC.
4.ECONOMY-EG- SOCIALIST ECONOMY INCULCATES VALUES OF
UNITY,EQUITY,TEMPERANCE,ETC.WHEREAS MKT. ECONOMY INCULCATES
VALUES OF CREATIVITY,COMPETITION,PROSPERITY,ETC.
5.MEDIA- IN 21ST CENTURY MEDIA IS CONTINUOUSLY PRESENT AROUND US IN
VARIOUS FORMS- ELECTRONIC ,PRINT,DIGITAL ETC. THATS WHY GOVT.
AROUND WORLD TRY TO CONTROL THE MEDIA SO AS TO CONTROL THE
VALUE SYSTEM OF THE PEOPLE.
6.CIVIL SOCIETY-SOCIAL & CIVIC ORGANIZATION. MOBILIZE PEOPLE BASED
ON A COMMON CAUSE & PROMOTE THEIR CAUSE USING
MEDIA,DEMONSTRATION ETC. & THUS INFLUENCE PEOPLES VALUES.
7.LOCAL COMMUNITY-EG- THE LOCAL DONGRIA KONDH TRIBAL COMMUNITY
OF ODISHA VALUED THEIR SACRED NIYAMGIRI MOUNTAIN MORE THAN JOBS
& LIVELIHOOD & HENCE,FOUGHT AGAINST MINING PROJECTS.
8.LEADERSHIP-EG- CELEBRITIES AFFECT PEOPLE'S VALUES IN TERMS OF
THEIR DRESSING,EATING,BEHAVIOR,ETC.