Name of the Candidate: Reg. No.

:
R12 [2021] (2018)
P.T.B.E. DEGREE– NOVEMBER 2021 -REGULAR & SUPPLEMENTARY – EXAMINATIONS
BRANCH IV: MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
FIRST SEMESTER
THERMODYNAMICS
Special Instructions: Use of approved steam tables and Mollier chart are permitted.
Duration: 3 Hours Maximum: 100 Marks
PART – A
Answer ALL questions.
Each question carries 2 marks. (10 X 2 = 20)
1. What are intensive properties? Give examples.
2. Define “Quasi static process”.
3. Show the constant temperature process in p-v and T-s diagrams.
4. Write the steady flow energy equation and apply it to a turbine.
5. State the limitation of first law of thermodynamics.
6. Compare energy and entropy.
7. Define “Throttling process”.
8. What is critical state? Give the values of critical pressure and critical temperature of water.
9. Define “compressibility factor”.
10. Write the stoichiometric combustion equation of C3H8.

PART – B
Answer FIVE questions without omitting Qn.No.11.
Question No.11 carries 20 marks and other questions carry 15 marks each.
11. a) For the following three cases of thermodynamics processes of a closed system, fill (8)
in the blanks wherever possible. All quantities are in kJ.
Sl.No Process Q W U1 U2 ΔU
1 Adiabatic 15 55
2 Constant volume -20 60
3 Isothermal 25 30

b) The pressure of a gas in a gas tank was recorded by a manometer and it was (6)
found to be 12 cm of water. The barometer reading was 76 cm of Hg. Calculate
the absolute pressure of gas in Pascal.

c) For closed system, derive the expression for work transfer during polytropic (6)
process.

12. Air which behaves like an ideal gas is compressed from 1 bar and 300 K to 6 bar (15)
isothermally. Then it receives heat at constant pressure and finally returns to its
original state following a constant volume path. Draw the cycle in p-v and T-s
diagrams. Determine the heat transfer, work transfer and change in internal
energy for each process and also for the cycle. Assume Cp=1 kJ/kg K, Cv=0.72
kJ/kg K.
[OR]
13. Steam at the rate of 0.3 kg/s enters a turbine with an enthalpy of 2700 kJ/kg and (15)
leaves with an enthalpy of 2200 kJ/kg. The steam velocity at inlet and exit are
110 m/s and 140 m/s. The inlet is 2.1 m above the exit. The heat rejection rate
is 1000 kJ/hr. Find the power produced by the turbine.
CONTD...,
14. a) State and prove Clausius inequality. (8)

b) A Carnot engine receives 1200 kJ of heat from a source at 320°C and rejects (7)
heat to a sink at 40°C. Determine the heat rejected and work output of the
engine.
[OR]
15. a) The COP of a refrigerator operating on reversed Carnot cycle is 5.4 when it (8)
maintains -5 °C in the refrigerated space. Determine the atmospheric
temperature and refrigerating effect if the power required to run the refrigerator
is 3.2 kW.
b) A heat pump is used to maintain an auditorium hall at 25°C when the (7)
atmospheric temperature is -5°C. The heat to be supplied to the hall is 2400
kJ/min. Calculate the power required to run the heat pump if the COP of the heat
pump is 25% of the Carnot heat pump working between the same temperature
limits.

16. 5 kg of steam at a pressure of 20 bar and 90% dry expands to 1 bar in a (15)
reversible isothermal process. Find the work done, heat transferred and change
in entropy.
[OR]
17. a) Explain how the changes in enthalpy, entropy and internal energy are calculated (6)
when heating wet steam to superheated steam at constant pressure.

b) Explain how the steam quality is measured in a separating and throttling (9)
calorimeter.

18. a) Write short notes on Vander-Waals equation of state. (7)

b) The specific volume of carbon dioxide at 100°C is 1 m3/kg. Determine the (8)
pressure exerted by CO2 using Vander-Waals equation and compare the result
obtained considering CO2 as ideal gas. Assume the constants “a” and “b” are
362850 Nm4/kg-mol2 and 0.0422 m3/kg-mol.
[OR]
19. Dry exhaust gas from an oil engine had the following composition by volume: (15)
CO2=8.85%, CO=1.2%, O2=6.8% and N2=83.15%. The fuel oil had a
percentage composition by mass as C=84%, H2=14%, O2=2%. Determine the
carbon per kg of dry flue gas and A-F ratio.

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