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PIM Exercises

Exercises Solved

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1 views2 pages

PIM Exercises

Exercises Solved

Uploaded by

James Dojane
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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1.

Define each of the following terms:


a. Data - Data is defined as a value or set of values representing a specific concept or
concepts. Data become 'information' when analysed and possibly combined with
other data in order to extract meaning, and to provide context.
b. Field - A database field refers to a set of values arranged in a table and has the
same data type. A field is also known as a column or attribute.
c. A record in a database is a row of data that contains information about a specific
subject, such as a product or employee. Records are stored in tables, which define
the data that each record can contain.
d. File - A file is a collection of records, each of which contains information about
one person or thing. Meanwhile a file system is a system that organizes and
manages files on a storage device. It's used by an operating system to store,
access, and retrieve data.

2. Data redundancy is when the same data is stored in multiple places, which can happen
in file systems, databases, and computer memory. It can be intentional or accidental.
And the characteristics of the file system can lead to it are Complex processes,
Inefficient coding and Scattered data locations.

3. Data independence is the ability to change data without affecting the applications that
use it. It's a key feature of database management systems (DBMS). Data
independence can be lacking in file systems because of the variety of file formats and
systems, and because of the dependence of applications on data structure.

4. A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software program that manages


databases. It allows users to create, read, and modify data in a database. Functions of
a DBMS are: Data retrieval, Data manipulation, Data protection, Data integrity,
Data management, Data sharing, Data redundancy reduction and Data
inconsistency prevention.

5. Structural independence is the ability to change the structure of data without affecting
the applications that use it. Structural Independence is important because it allows for
changes to be made to a database without affecting the applications that use it. This
can save time and money, and it can also improve the performance of the database.
6. ____________________
7.
8.
9. There are many types of databases, including relational, non-relational, hierarchical,
network, and object-oriented. The type of database you choose depends on your needs
and the data you want to store.
a. A relational database (RDB) is a way of organizing data into tables, rows, and
columns. RDBs are based on the relational model, which is a straightforward way
of representing data.
b. A non-relational database, also known as a NoSQL database, is a database that
doesn't use tables and columns like relational databases. Instead, it uses flexible
models like documents, graphs, and key-value pairs.
c. A hierarchical database is a database that organizes data into a tree-like structure.
It's a database management system (DBMS) that uses a parent-child relationship
between records.
d. An object-oriented database (OODB) is a database that stores data as objects,
similar to how objects are used in object-oriented programming (OOP). OODBs
are effective for complex data relationships, multimedia applications, and
advanced database systems.
e. A network database is a database that organizes data in a graph-like structure. This
allows for complex relationships to be modeled and efficiently queried. Network
databases are often used in businesses where multiple people need to access the
same information.
10. The main components of a database system are hardware, software, data, procedures,
and database access language.
11.
12. Database design is important because it helps ensure data is organized, consistent, and
secure. This makes it easier to access and manipulate data, which can save time and
money.
13. The costs of implementing a database system can include hardware, software,
development, training, and maintenance.
14.

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