Dr. N.G.P.

Institute of Technology, Coimbatore – 641048

(An Autonomous Institution)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai
Recognized by UGC & Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade and
NBA (BME, CSE, ECE, EEE and Mechanical)

AU3791- Electric and Hybrid Vehicle

Semester & Branch: 7th & EEE

Batch: (202012025)
QUESTIONS BANK

Unit I: Design Considerations for Electric Vehicles

1. Discuss the design requirements for electric vehicles.
Hint: Include considerations for range, maximum velocity, acceleration, power
requirement, and mass of the vehicle. Explain the challenges and trade-offs involved in
designing for these parameters.
2. Compare and contrast diesel, petrol, hybrid, and electric vehicles.
Hint: Highlight the advantages and limitations of each type, focusing on factors such as
efficiency, emissions, fuel consumption, and operational costs.
3. Explain the different types of resistance encountered by electric vehicles.
Hint: Discuss aerodynamic drag, rolling resistance, and other forms of resistance, and
how they impact vehicle efficiency and design.
4. Describe the design and functioning of electric vehicle chassis and body systems.
Hint: Cover aspects such as weight distribution, structural integrity, and the integration of
electric drivetrain components.
5. Analyze the different electric vehicle recharging and refueling systems.
Hint: Discuss the technologies involved, their efficiency, and the infrastructure required
for fast charging, wireless charging, and other emerging technologies.

Unit II: Energy Sources

1. Describe the various types of batteries used in electric vehicles and their
characteristics.
Hint: Compare lead-acid, nickel-metal hydride, lithium-ion, sodium-based, and metal-air
batteries in terms of energy density, cost, lifespan, and safety.
2. Explain the concept of battery modeling and the role of equivalent circuits.
Hint: Discuss the significance of equivalent circuits in predicting battery performance
and optimizing battery management systems.
 Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore – 641048
(An Autonomous Institution)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai
Recognized by UGC & Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade and
NBA (BME, CSE, ECE, EEE and Mechanical)

3. Discuss the technology and application of fuel cells in electric vehicles.

Hint: Include the types of fuel cells, their working principles, characteristics, and the
potential advantages and challenges of using fuel cells in EVs.
4. Describe the operation and advantages of ultra-capacitors in electric vehicles.
Hint: Compare ultra capacitors with batteries in terms of energy storage, power density,
lifespan, and applications.
5. Explain the functions and importance of a battery management system (BMS).
Hint: Discuss how a BMS manages battery performance, safety, and longevity, and the
role it plays in the overall efficiency and reliability of electric vehicles.

Unit III: Motors and Drives

1. Compare the different types of motors used in electric vehicles.
Hint: Discuss DC motors, AC motors, PMSM motors, BLDC motors, and switched
reluctance motors, highlighting their working principles, advantages, and typical
applications.
2. Describe the construction and characteristics of BLDC motors.
Hint: Explain how they are different from other types of motors and why they are widely
used in electric vehicles.
3. Discuss the role and functioning of motor drives in electric vehicles.
Hint: Explain how motor drives control speed, torque, and direction, and their impact on
vehicle performance and efficiency.
4. Explain the concept of four-quadrant operation in motor drives.
Hint: Describe how it allows for full control over vehicle motion, including forward and
reverse motoring and braking.
5. Analyze the importance of efficient motor control strategies in electric vehicles.
Hint: Discuss how advanced control techniques improve performance, energy efficiency,
and reliability in electric motor applications.

Unit IV: Power Converters and Controllers

1. Discuss the different types of power converters used in electric vehicles.
Hint: Explain the functions and applications of rectifiers, inverters, DC-DC converters,
and AC-DC converters in EV powertrains.
2. Describe the characteristics and applications of solid-state switching elements in
power electronics.
Hint: Focus on BJT, MOSFET, IGBT, SCR, and TRIAC, highlighting their roles in
power conversion and control.
 Dr. N.G.P. Institute of Technology, Coimbatore – 641048
(An Autonomous Institution)
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi & Affiliated to Anna University, Chennai
Recognized by UGC & Accredited by NAAC with A+ Grade and
NBA (BME, CSE, ECE, EEE and Mechanical)

3. Explain the working principle and design considerations for inverters in electric
vehicles.
Hint: Discuss how inverters convert DC to AC power, their efficiency, and their impact
on motor control and vehicle performance.
4. Analyze the role of power electronics in managing the energy flow within an electric
vehicle.
Hint: Include the management of energy from the battery to the motor, regenerative
braking systems, and auxiliary power systems.
5. Discuss the challenges and solutions in thermal management for power electronics
in electric vehicles.
Hint: Explain why thermal management is critical, and describe methods such as heat
sinks, liquid cooling, and thermal interface materials.

Unit V: Hybrid and Electric Vehicles

1. Describe the main components and working principles of hybrid and electric
vehicles.
Hint: Include a discussion of internal combustion engines, electric motors, battery packs,
power split devices, and control systems.
2. Compare series and parallel hybrid vehicle configurations.
Hint: Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of each configuration, including
efficiency, complexity, and typical use cases.
3. Explain the control strategies used in hybrid vehicles to optimize performance and
fuel efficiency.
Hint: Discuss how these strategies balance the use of the internal combustion engine and
electric motor under various driving conditions.
4. Analyze the economic and environmental benefits of hybrid and electric vehicles.
Hint: Consider factors such as fuel savings, emissions reduction, and potential
government incentives.
5. Conduct a case study on the specifications of a specific hybrid or electric vehicle
model.
Hint: Include a detailed analysis of its powertrain architecture, battery capacity, range,
fuel economy, and other key performance metrics.

Subject Handing Faculty Course Coordinator HoD

(Dr K Ramash Kumar) (Dr K Ramash Kumar) ( Dr C. Kathirvel)