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Unit 2- programming

notes for unit 2 of computer science IGCSE pearson edexcel

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Mehdi Boujrada
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2 views5 pages

Unit 2- programming

notes for unit 2 of computer science IGCSE pearson edexcel

Uploaded by

Mehdi Boujrada
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Unit 2: Programming - Review Notes (Python Focus)

This review is tailored specifically for Python programming, based on Unit 2: Programming
from the Pearson Edexcel International GCSE Computer Science syllabus, including
concepts tested in Paper 2: Application of Computational Thinking.

1. Developing Code
Variables and Constants

 Variables store data that can change during program execution.

age = 25 # Integer
name = "Alice" # String
height = 5.8 # Float
is_student = True # Boolean

 Constants (by convention) are written in uppercase.

PI = 3.14159
MAX_SCORE = 100

2. Operators in Python

Arithmetic Operators

Operator Description Example


+ Addition 5 + 3→8
- Subtraction 10 - 4 → 6
* Multiplication 7 * 2 → 14
/ Division (float) 9 / 2 → 4.5
// Floor Division 9 // 2 → 4
% Modulus (remainder) 9 % 2→1
** Exponentiation 2 ** 3 → 8
3. String Handling

Concatenation & Formatting

name = "Alice"
age = 20
print(name + " is " + str(age) + " years old.") # Concatenation
print(f"{name} is {age} years old.") # f-String Formatting

Common String Methods

text = "hello world"


print(text.upper()) # "HELLO WORLD"
print(text.lower()) # "hello world"
print(text.capitalize()) # "Hello world"
print(len(text)) # 11
print(text.replace("hello", "hi")) # "hi world"

4. Data Structures

Lists (Arrays)

 Definition & Manipulation

numbers = [10, 20, 30, 40]


numbers.append(50) # [10, 20, 30, 40, 50]
numbers.remove(20) # [10, 30, 40, 50]
numbers.sort() # Sort in ascending order
print(numbers[1]) # Access second element

Dictionaries (Key-Value Pairs)

student = {"name": "Alice", "age": 20, "grade": "A"}


print(student["name"]) # Alice
student["age"] = 21 # Modify value
student["city"] = "London" # Add new key

5. Input and Output

Taking User Input

name = input("Enter your name: ")


age = int(input("Enter your age: ")) # Convert to integer
Printing Output

print("Hello, " + name + "!")


print(f"You are {age} years old.")

6. Control Structures

If-Else Statements

num = int(input("Enter a number: "))


if num > 0:
print("Positive number")
elif num == 0:
print("Zero")
else:
print("Negative number")

7. Loops

For Loop

for i in range(5):
print(i) # Output: 0 1 2 3 4

While Loop

count = 0
while count < 5:
print(count)
count += 1

8. Subprograms (Functions)

 Defining and Calling Functions

def greet(name):
print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet("Alice")

 Functions with Return Values

def add(x, y):


return x + y

result = add(5, 3)
print(result) # Output: 8

9. Error Handling & Debugging

Types of Errors

Type Description
Syntax Error Mistake in code structure (e.g., missing :).
Logic Error Program runs but gives wrong output.
Runtime Error Program crashes (e.g., division by zero).

Try-Except Handling

try:
num = int(input("Enter a number: "))
print(10 / num)
except ZeroDivisionError:
print("Cannot divide by zero!")
except ValueError:
print("Invalid input!")

10. Algorithms and Problem Solving


Searching Algorithms

Linear Search

def linear_search(arr, target):


for i in range(len(arr)):
if arr[i] == target:
return i
return -1

Binary Search (Only for Sorted Lists)

def binary_search(arr, target):


low, high = 0, len(arr) - 1
while low <= high:
mid = (low + high) // 2
if arr[mid] == target:
return mid
elif arr[mid] < target:
low = mid + 1
else:
high = mid - 1
return -1

Sorting Algorithms

Bubble Sort

def bubble_sort(arr):
n = len(arr)
for i in range(n):
for j in range(0, n-i-1):
if arr[j] > arr[j+1]:
arr[j], arr[j+1] = arr[j+1], arr[j]

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