Scribd
Upload
3 views13 pages

Probability

The document discusses various types of matrices, including diagonal, lower triangular, and their properties such as addition and scalar multiplication. It also covers concepts related to matrix operations, including the inverse of a matrix and conditions for invertibility. Additionally, it provides examples and proofs related to matrix equations and transformations.

Uploaded by

annu soni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
3 views13 pages

Probability

The document discusses various types of matrices, including diagonal, lower triangular, and their properties such as addition and scalar multiplication. It also covers concepts related to matrix operations, including the inverse of a matrix and conditions for invertibility. Additionally, it provides examples and proofs related to matrix equations and transformations.

Uploaded by

annu soni
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 13
Matrix Operockion = [4,| be man toksio | - dhok i tx. A mien matin A=[a] 2 called a diagonal motor af aya o for alk ij. The endsicy a, 4=1,2)--/m enksion- i endater of a nmsore mam wetrin A are dy, da. dy, then = de 4ar,--- 4s flo of} bag 2s)=fo 2 o| yecial type of modsiced entity matoax : AM diageral entsier axe one. A Sdewskiy wokhin it denote by Ty. Tf we de not need we simply write 1 intteock of In. far example ~ 4 fio 5 ad =lo 1 6 Zem -woksie: ADL ewlsier ore equal to zero. fir example Je © o| fo 2 © 3d] Az[o 0 of > Belo ooo ° eo C at [oo © 9) Vv + 3x3 ere mabokn Axk zero Madr W >. cll 0 nce Lebten O romg lan Marsrin x Ax Ay =O ton oll i>} If a, 50 fon all inj, Hen A is called adic! samqules. Exanaples ee pS aboot app NX DEE ype telargpla aR 7 OPPO widone torieora elon. matrix Arravgubar woddrin Lower Triangular Matnin, A motorx A= Bj) a allled ao Dower Hodoorguskos. watrin 2f a, =o for all i A+EA= -AtASO © K(A+B) = HA+ KB. GF) RK+BIM= KA+RA @® @pwr= «Gar Rael The prof dinedly fitleur fsam tine defiinidimr of : seodkion AIR an ™xn mabrin, and if Bix nx mabe with columns "bys Bay 2 By y Hen AB ik He. mxp maksix whore columns abe Ab, , Ab y----> Abp- Tht an ~ Ag=A[h Toe >) =[Ab, Ab ----- Ab, J Thus cack column of Ag ux a Linea combination of tre column of A Lek A be am man matein , 2 he an wep modtarn and tet DER. Let YY Yp be column of B. Then BY = yYyte---- + APY» where = ABR) = ACAY Fo FPP) = AGN) = ACY SORA ep Ap = [Ay AWE =@Re asi PIAL fe) ACeC) = (B)c- G) A+ AR + AC. ©) GOA BA+CA. © WA= A= Aly aj fl reef Peet Al Lewidson ef of madreices and realar mulhiplicabion Powenk of a motnix Tf Ar an nxn matrin and K iL _Tranypore of a mabin Tf A= [By 1 x an n_meabnin, dren Na the wodsin [hy], where by = For GeV Dm amd jet den Thad Ja. A= [41 . waul' 2 2 we |z © of a mato Azer Jeun amd products. Then @MAT=A © (A+B5" = AT + BT CICA) = KAT for omy rcalar K @ (@BoT = BT AT Pueof Left ar am exercire. Inverse _of a maksin nxn i is A, be exints am nan _makdin Bauch that AB= = BA In thin cate, we Baa am Jwwerre of A and we 3 mo . ; Bon dt 3% unk fon af ARere ase Awe modsiced 2 and C Such treat AB= In = BA ad ACHln = CA, then B=Bin= B(AC) = (ADC = ho =C. madyot e= |” al ar the Imvene of Ay Le J Note: Let As ia tl , where ad—be #0. Then tea os ab i= sdaee fe * Paoperstien of the 4 a wash G@) It A 2 am inwerkible matrix, then A! os invertible and (KINI = A (oe) If A and B ake nun invertible matrices, then So 4a Ae ama (Any = 8A e) ik am iow il je are ais. Pororf Left ors om enorcite. 1 R invertsi te im AX= Jolukion @ = KV. SeDuA jon i Svea on in A eemulting nedsin. EA obterined ng i Sep oy Im wank the SupUr radsai tne Soi 2% as A=|h Ay b| 44 & a Oy % eas | 4 Ay 4s 9-34 GBA, 7% 38 + | [3 © 1] Theazenn CComputedion of tre mverne of a mods), An man maine A ia nverbble uf and only af A os ou equivalent fo I, , and in tux care, any requence of elementary Stem operation shat Sedwcd A to ln abn FSanifosmt In into At Proof Suppose Shot A ts Jnverbible. Then Aince Ate equahion A= T fas a Jolubion pn each Pe & he wnakoin A 0% pivot posihion in evedy Sour. 8 iu ore on on tf L wPich sonal t che Thod x Conwemely artume trot A-~ Tn. Them dere — sa fn’ of elemendooy rnabdiend 6,46 seach Kod Er EA = In Hence A Gr wwerkibte and Ble bern Ey Now, CEg-=-+ Ey) ty = gi = A hit pronea the recon part af dhe theorem i ke at reduce f ~i1, Men Fa oui whet o 1 2 A= 4 -3 8 Ludkion, 4 o 1 2) te el To 3 ‘ oO 4 20 =}1 ° ot fied -3 3%] o0 o 1} 4 3 8 oo 1] } te} [io o 1 el cb 1 2/1 2 of ~]o 1 2 |r o o| o-3 4,0 4 1 [o 0 2/2 -4 1] = 35 jo ol le % 7% o 1 2/{1 2 ela , ol2 4 4 oo 1/% 2 kl o 1/% 2 4 Hence [45 =) = 4 % 2 4 LC J i c_ Th xn ok x uiveallent 9 The motoin A JA an JInverstible modaine 2) Aud sou equivalent fo ithe onan idewkity wedi © A ot portions @ The equation AX =B Fas th eeiall robes ad bi Ve cach Fe ®. on _modsix B by = G) There 33 am nxn matsin C such that AC = In. (BAT 2 an invertible matobe. Poof. __ apo wie prove. => Sd) 2) = (b) = Oy J dy Ca (4). Leb ) be doy Th Lad > B(aw) 20 =0 Senn =o WReo ~~ RX =0 Heme ) > G. Now deb G) be swe Since AW =o tah only Aeivial alidtion, hance the equadion Ax =8 Fos wo free vertabler So every variable th a bakic yaerakle and Rance every column 4% & pied colmnns Heme. A for wn paved portion. Thus GDS ©. let (© 2 teue. Since A ik Aquore and dA Anods pirod porthion , rk follows Abot i man diagonal Yence. the reduced sour echelon furn of A ox Ty. Ths >. We have already proved in previoud theorem that (b) =-@ - Now preve wr ©) Seash7@ \ Now cleats (a) => @. we hue alreadg Pore lon a. prewiows Aneorem that Q)>€). Lek > be Ase. Take Ter. gz fupposhedor GQ’ = .V=F whack anplier A(cev) =v. Tuk the veubh Re Ch Accisfies A=T. nin prover that Are equation AR =e Arar a Yolubion for each GEIR. Hence by a peewiowk set, Ahe maddio AL hor pivot porition dn ench Seeurs Sie each pit Oh GN different cobusmn A mutt he Seeur. equivalent to lyn, aod fe Aids invoke Myr >) @. We hare already, poruovedk thot (aye (A. Vor we have. proved all ruplicabions: ——

You might also like