Internet and Web Development Study Notes
UNIT-I: Internet Fundamentals and Web Technologies
Growth of Internet
Rapid expansion since the 1990s
Exponen al increase in users, websites, and data transfer
Key factors: improved infrastructure, affordable devices, user-friendly interfaces
Basic Internet Protocols
1. TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol)
o Founda on of internet communica on
o TCP: Ensures reliable, ordered data delivery
o IP: Handles addressing and rou ng of data packets
2. HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)
o Protocol for transferring web pages and other content
3. FTP (File Transfer Protocol)
o Used for transferring files between computers on a network
4. SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
o Standard for email transmission
History of the Internet
1. 1960s: ARPANET developed by US Department of Defense
2. 1970s: TCP/IP protocol suite developed
3. 1980s: DNS (Domain Name System) introduced
4. 1989: Tim Berners-Lee proposes the World Wide Web
5. 1990s: Commercial use of the internet begins, rapid growth
World Wide Web (WWW)
Invented by Tim Berners-Lee in 1989
System of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the internet
Key components: HTML, HTTP, web browsers
HTTP: Hypertext Transfer Protocol
Applica on-layer protocol for transmi ng hypermedia documents
Client-server model: clients (usually web browsers) request resources from servers
Stateless protocol: each request is independent
Methods: GET, POST, PUT, DELETE, etc.
Markup Languages
1. HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
o Standard markup language for crea ng web pages
o Uses tags to structure content
2. XHTML (Extensible Hypertext Markup Language)
o Stricter, XML-based version of HTML
o Aims to replace HTML
3. XML (Extensible Markup Language)
o Designed to store and transport data
o Used for structuring data, not for displaying it
4. DHTML (Dynamic HTML)
o Combina on of HTML, CSS, and JavaScript
o Allows crea on of interac ve and animated websites
Internet Addressing Scheme
1. IP Address
o Unique iden fier for devices on a network
o IPv4 (e.g., 192.168.1.1) and IPv6 (e.g., 2001:0db8:85a3:0000:0000:8a2e:0370:7334)
2. Domain Names
o Human-readable addresses (e.g., www.example.com)
o Translated to IP addresses by DNS
Introduc on to WML (Wireless Markup Language)
Markup language based on XML
Used to specify content and user interface for WAP devices
Largely obsolete due to advances in mobile web technologies
UNIT-II: Web Development Technologies
Database Connec vity
1. JDBC (Java Database Connec vity)
o Java API for connec ng Java applica ons to databases
o Provides methods to query and update data
2. ODBC (Open Database Connec vity)
o Standard API for accessing database management systems
o Allows applica ons to access data from various database sources
Web Development Concepts
1. Web Page: Single document on the web
2. Website: Collec on of related web pages
3. Web Applica on: Interac ve website with server-side processing
Client-Side Scrip ng: JavaScript
Programming language that runs in web browsers
Used for crea ng interac ve web pages
Key features:
o Variables and data types (string, number, boolean, object, etc.)
o Func ons and objects
o Arrays and built-in objects (Date, Math, etc.)
o DOM manipula on
o Event handling
Server-Side Programming: Java Servlets
Java classes that extend server capabili es
Handle requests, process data, and generate dynamic content
Key concepts:
1. Lifecycle: init(), service(), destroy()
2. Handling parameter data
3. Managing sessions and cookies
4. Concurrency: mul ple requests handled simultaneously
Servlets Capabili es
Generate dynamic content
Handle form submissions
Manage sessions and user state
Interact with databases
Implement business logic
