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NM-Lab 03

The document provides an overview of mathematical operations with arrays in MATLAB, detailing types of arrays such as vectors, matrices, and multidimensional arrays. It includes array creation functions, accessing and modifying arrays, and various operations like element-wise and matrix multiplication. Additionally, it covers useful functions for array manipulation, indexing, searching, and logical operations.

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Naeem Hanif
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2 views8 pages

NM-Lab 03

The document provides an overview of mathematical operations with arrays in MATLAB, detailing types of arrays such as vectors, matrices, and multidimensional arrays. It includes array creation functions, accessing and modifying arrays, and various operations like element-wise and matrix multiplication. Additionally, it covers useful functions for array manipulation, indexing, searching, and logical operations.

Uploaded by

Naeem Hanif
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Lab# 03

Mathematical Operations with


Arrays in MATLAB
Introduction
Arrays are fundamental to MATLAB — in fact, the name MATLAB stands for MATrix LABoratory, and
arrays (especially matrices) are at the heart of how MATLAB works.

Types of Arrays

➤ Vectors (1D arrays)

 Row vector:

 Row Vector = [1, 2, 3, 4];

 Column vector:

 Column Vector = [1; 2; 3; 4];

➤ Matrices (2D arrays)

 Matrix = [1, 2, 3; 4, 5, 6; 7, 8, 9];

➤ Multidimensional Arrays

 Array3D = randi(3, 3, 2); % A 3x3x2 3D array

Array Creation Functions

Function Description

zeros(m,n) Creates an m×n array of zeros

ones(m,n) Creates an m×n array of ones

rand(m,n) Random numbers between 0 and 1

eye(n) Identity matrix

linspace(a,b,n) Linearly spaced vector

colon operator(:) Range creation, e.g., 1:5

Accessing and Modifying Arrays

A = [10, 20, 30; 40, 50, 60];


val = A(2,3); % Access element at row 2, column 3

A(1,2) = 99; % Modify value at (1,2)

row = A(2,:); % All columns in row 2

col = A(:,1); % All rows in column 1

Array Operations

 Element-wise operations (with .):

 A = [1, 2; 3, 4];

 B = [5, 6; 7, 8];

 C = A .* B; % Element-wise multiplication

 D = A .^ 2; % Element-wise power

 Matrix multiplication:

 C = A * B; % Only valid if dimensions match for matrix multiplication

Useful Functions for Arrays

Function Description

size(A) Size of array A

length(A) Length of the largest dimension

reshape(A,m,n) Reshapes A into m-by-n

transpose(A) or A.' Transpose of A

sum(A) Sum of elements (column-wise by default)

mean(A) Mean of elements

sort(A) Sorts the array

Creating a One Dimensional Array vector


A one dimensional array is a list of numbers arranged in a row or column.

Creating a Vector from Known List of Numbers


The Vector is created by typing the known numbers in the square brackets in the command window. The
two types of vectors are as:

 Row Vectors
 Column Vectors
Creating a Vector with Constant Spacing by
Specifying First Term
In a vector with constant spacing the difference between the elements is same.

Creating a Vector with Linear Spacing by


Specifying the First and Last Terms and Number of
Terms
A vector with the n elements that are linearly spaced in which the first element is xi and the last element
is xf can be created by typing the ‘linspace command’
Creating Two Dimensional Array Matrix
A two dimensional array also called matrix has numbers in rows and columns. Matrices can be used to
store information like the arrangements in a table. Matrices play an important role in linear algebra and
are used in science and engineering to describe many physical quantities.

The Zeros, Ones and Eye Commands


The zeros(m,n), ones(m,n) and eye(n) commands can be used to create matrices that have elements
with special values. The zeros and ones commands create a matrices of 0 or 1 numbers respectively.

The eye command creates a square matrix with n rows and n columns in which the diagonal elements
are equal to 1 and rest of the elements are 0.
Build-in Array Functions
Array Creation Functions
Function Description

zeros(m,n) Creates an m×n array of zeros

ones(m,n) Creates an m×n array of ones

eye(n) Creates an n×n identity matrix

rand(m,n) Creates an m×n array of uniformly distributed random numbers (0 to 1)

randn(m,n) Normally distributed random numbers (mean 0, std 1)

linspace(a,b,n) Generates a row vector of n equally spaced points between a and b

logspace(a,b,n) Logarithmically spaced vector from 10^a to 10^b

colon (a:b) Creates a row vector from a to b with step 1

colon (a:step:b) Creates a row vector from a to b with custom step

Array Information Functions


Function Description

size(A) Returns the size (dimensions) of array A

Returns the length of the largest


length(A)
dimension

ndims(A) Number of dimensions in array A

numel(A) Total number of elements in array A


Function Description

isempty(A) Returns true if A is an empty array

isvector(A) Returns true if A is a vector

ismatrix(A) Returns true if A is a matrix

isnumeric(A) Checks if A is a numeric array

islogical(A) Checks if A is logical (true/false)

Array Manipulation / Reshaping


Function Description

reshape(A,m,n) Reshapes array A into size m×n

transpose(A) or A.' Transpose of A (no complex conjugate)

A' Complex conjugate transpose

squeeze(A) Removes singleton dimensions (size 1)

permute(A,order) Rearranges the order of dimensions

flip(A) Flips elements in all dimensions

fliplr(A) Flips array left to right

flipud(A) Flips array up to down

rot90(A) Rotates matrix 90 degrees counterclockwise

cat(dim,A,B) Concatenates arrays along specified dimension

horzcat(A,B) Horizontal concatenation

vertcat(A,B) Vertical concatenation

Array Indexing & Searching


Function Description

find(A) Returns indices of non-zero elements

sub2ind(size, i, j) Converts row-column subscripts to linear index

ind2sub(size, idx) Converts linear index to row-column subscripts

any(A) Returns true if any element is nonzero


Function Description

all(A) Returns true if all elements are nonzero

Mathematical Array Operations


Function Description

sum(A) Sum of elements along a dimension

mean(A) Mean of elements

median(A) Median of elements

std(A) Standard deviation

var(A) Variance

min(A) Minimum value in array

max(A) Maximum value in array

prod(A) Product of elements

cumsum(A) Cumulative sum

cumprod(A) Cumulative product

mod(A,B) Modulus after division (A mod B)

Sorting and Set Operations


Function Description

Sorts elements in ascending


sort(A)
order

sortrows(A) Sorts rows of a matrix

unique(A) Returns unique elements

union(A,B) Union of sets A and B

intersect(A,B) Intersection of sets

setdiff(A,B) Elements in A but not in B

Logical Operations on Arrays


Function Description

==, ~=, >, < Element-wise logical comparisons

`& , , ~`

xor(A,B) Logical exclusive OR

isnan(A) Returns true where A is NaN

isfinite(A) Returns true for finite elements

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