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Activity 4

The document outlines an activity for a Logic and Critical Thinking course, where students are tasked with writing deductive conclusions based on given premises, analyzing the nature of deductive arguments, and identifying inductive arguments from contemporary sources. It includes specific examples and questions related to deductive and inductive reasoning. The activity is designed to enhance students' understanding of logical reasoning and argument structure.

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8 views2 pages

Activity 4

The document outlines an activity for a Logic and Critical Thinking course, where students are tasked with writing deductive conclusions based on given premises, analyzing the nature of deductive arguments, and identifying inductive arguments from contemporary sources. It includes specific examples and questions related to deductive and inductive reasoning. The activity is designed to enhance students' understanding of logical reasoning and argument structure.

Uploaded by

jmcanaria25
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Name of Student: Subject:

Logic and Critical Thinking


Course/Year: Instructor:
Mr. John Marvin S. Canaria, LPT, MAEd

ACTIVITY #4
A. For each of the following sets of premises, write a conclusion that follows
deductively.

1. Hero Bicycles is the world’s biggest bicycle manufacturer. Hero Bicycles is located
in Punjab, India.
2. Each cake requires five eggs. We need to make four cakes.
3. In the game of poker, four of a kind beats a full house, and a full house beats a
straight.
4. The probability of rolling an ace with a fair die is 1/6. The probability of rolling two
aces with a pair of fair dice is the probability of rolling an ace on the first die times
the probability of rolling an ace on the second.

B. If we define a deductive argument as one in which it is impossible for the conclusion


to be false if all the premises are true, which of the following sentences are true?
1. A deductive argument can have a false premise.
2. A deductive argument can have a false conclusion.
3. A deductive argument can have all false premises and a false conclusion.
4. A deductive argument can have all false premises and a true conclusion.
5. A deductive argument can have all true premises and a false conclusion.
6. A deductive argument can have one true premise, several false premises, and
a true conclusion.
7. A deductive argument can have one false premise, several true premises, and
a false conclusion.
8. A deductive argument can have the same sentence as one of its premises and
as its conclusion.

C. Find an example of an inductive argument in a newspaper, magazine, or other


contemporary source. Reconstruct the argument in standard form and tell whether
it falls into any of the six categories described in the lesson.
D. Identify the premises and the conclusion of each of the following inductive
arguments. If the argument belongs to one of the six common types of inductive
argument discussed in the lesson, identify which one.

1. Researcher K. Palazoglu of the University of Mersin, Turkey, showed that


microwaving French fries before cooking reduces acrylamide, a harmful
chemical.
In the experiment, potato strips were fried after a microwave precooking step.
Acrylamide in the potato strips was reduced by 36%, 41%, and 60% when frying
at 150, 170 and 190 degrees C, respectively. —based on a report in Science News.
2. The problem of obesity has reached epidemic proportions in America. Yet an
article published by the Department of Agriculture suggests that people freely
choose to overeat and that government efforts to combat obesity will not work.
Paul Krugman (The New York Times, 7/8/2005) argues that because “the history
of government interventions on behalf of public health, from the construction of
sewer systems to the campaign against smoking, is one of consistent, life-
enhancing success,” government action could help signficantly to overcome
obesity, America’s fastest-growing health problem.
3. There are events which are foreknown by persons who have applied their
observation to that end. Of this kind are tempests and gales of wind, produced by
certain aspects of the Moon, or the fixed stars, towards the Sun, according to their
several courses, and the approach of which is usually foreseen by mariners. . . .
Since it is thus clearly practicable, by an accurate knowledge of the points above
enumerated, to make predictions concerning the proper quality of the seasons,
there also seems no impediment to the formation of similar prognostication
concerning the destiny and disposition of every human being. For by the
constitution of the Heavens, at the time of any individual’s primary conformation,
the general quality of that individual’s temperament may be perceived . . . [and]
an event dependent on one disposition of the Heavens will be advantageous to a
particular temperament, and that resulting from another unfavorable and injurious.
From these circumstances, and others of similar import, the possibility of
foreknowledge is certainly evident. —from Ptolemy’s Tetrabiblos, cited in P.
Suppes, (A Probabilistic Theory of Causality, 1970)

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