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Cloud Computing (2)

Cloud computing allows users to store and access data and applications remotely via the Internet, offering scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. It encompasses various services such as IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS, and can be deployed through public, private, or hybrid models. Key benefits include enhanced security, mobility, and easy collaboration, making it an essential resource for modern businesses.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
3 views11 pages

Cloud Computing (2)

Cloud computing allows users to store and access data and applications remotely via the Internet, offering scalability, flexibility, and cost-effectiveness. It encompasses various services such as IaaS, SaaS, and PaaS, and can be deployed through public, private, or hybrid models. Key benefits include enhanced security, mobility, and easy collaboration, making it an essential resource for modern businesses.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
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Introduction of Cloud Computing

The term “Cloud Computing” generally refers to the ability of a system to store data or applications
on remote servers, process data or applications from servers, and access data and applications via
the Internet. Cloud computing provides scalability, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and security to
individuals and organizations to manage their IT operations. Cloud computing works on a Pay-on-
Use basis for individuals and organizations. It is an on-demand availability of system resources and
computing power without direct active management by the user.
Examples of Cloud Computing
Cloud computing is the ability to deliver computing services, such as servers, storage, database,
networking, and intelligence. Here are some examples of Cloud Computing:
• Cloud-based virtual desktops: These help users access their systems and applications by using
any device from anywhere. Examples of Cloud-based virtual desktop providers are Amazon
WorkSpace, VM ware, Horizon Cloud, and Virtual Windows of Microsoft.
• Cloud Backup and Cloud Storage: Cloud storage generally provides safe and scalable storage
options for organizations and individuals to store and Cloud backup provides backup for the data.
• Cloud disaster recovery: This service users to have a backup of their data when any disaster
recovery needs to occur. Some Examples of Cloud disaster recovery include Mozy, Amazon
Glacier, and Carbonite.
• Infrastructure-as-a-Service (IaaS): It helps businesses to scale their computer resources up or
down whenever needed without any requirement for capital expenditure on physical
infrastructure. Examples of IaaS providers are Amazon Web Service (AWS), Google Cloud, and
Microsoft Azure.
• Software-as-a-Service (SaaS): With the help of SaaS, users can able to access applications
hosted in the cloud, rather than installing and running them on their local devices. Examples of
SaaS applications are Salesforce, Dropbox, and Microsoft Office 365.
• Platform-as-a-Service (PaaS): This helps organizations with a cloud-based platform to build,
deploy, and manage applications. Examples of PaaS providers are Google App Engine, Microsoft
Azure, etc.

Cloud Computing Architecture


Cloud computing architecture refers to the components and sub-components required for cloud
computing. These components typically refer to:
1. Front end
2. Back-end platforms (Servers, Storage)
3. Cloud-based delivery and a network (Internet, Intranet, Intercloud)
Fig 1.1: Architecture of Cloud Computing

1. Front End (User Interaction Enhancement)


The User Interface of Cloud Computing consists of 2 sections of clients. The Thin clients are the
ones that use web browsers facilitating portable and lightweight accessibilities and others are known
as Fat Clients that use many functionalities for offering a strong user experience.
2. Back-end Platforms (Cloud Computing Engine)
The core of cloud computing is made at back-end platforms with several servers for storage and
processing computing. Management of Applications logic is managed through servers and effective
data handling is provided by storage. The combination of these platforms at the backend offers the
processing power, and capacity to manage and store data behind the cloud.
3. Cloud-Based Delivery and Network
On-demand access to the computer and resources is provided over the Internet, Intranet, and
Intercloud. The Internet comes with global accessibility, the Intranet helps in internal
communications of the services within the organization and the Intercloud enables interoperability
across various cloud services. This dynamic network connectivity ensures an essential component
of cloud computing architecture on guaranteeing easy access and data transfer.
Why Cloud Computing?
• Scalability: Cloud computing services enable organizations to effortlessly scale up or down their
computer capacity to suit changing demands. The flexibility is especially advantageous for
organizations with varying workloads or seasonal demand since it helps them to avoid the cost
of maintaining superfluous infrastructure.
• Accessibility: Cloud Service can be accessed from anywhere. It provides the ability for remote
workers they can collaborate and access the same resources as their in-organization colleagues.
• Security: Another amazing characteristic of cloud computing is that it is highly secure. Cloud
computing provides robust security measures to protect their client’s data from unauthorized
users or access.
• Cost-Effectiveness: Another benefit of using cloud computing is that it is cost-effective and
Cloud services are generally priced on a pay-per-user basis which means organizations have to
pay when they use the service.

Characteristics of Cloud Computing


1. On-demand self-services: The Cloud computing services does not require any human
administrators, user themselves are able to provision, monitor and manage computing resources
as needed.
2. Broad network access: The Computing services are generally provided over standard networks
and heterogeneous devices.
3. Rapid elasticity: The Computing services should have IT resources that are able to scale out
and in quickly and on a need basis. Whenever the user requires services, it is provided to him
and it is scale out as soon as its requirement gets over.
4. Resource pooling: The IT resource (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services)
present are shared across multiple applications and occupant in an uncommitted manner.
Multiple clients are provided service from a same physical resource.
5. Multi-tenancy: Cloud computing providers can support multiple tenants (users or
organizations) on a single set of shared resources.
6. Virtualization: Cloud computing providers use virtualization technology to abstract underlying
hardware resources and present them as logical resources to users.
7. Security: Cloud providers invest heavily in security measures to protect their users’ data and
ensure the privacy of sensitive information.
8. Resilient computing: Cloud computing services are typically designed with redundancy and
fault tolerance in mind, which ensures high availability and reliability.
9. Flexible pricing models: Cloud providers offer a variety of pricing models, including pay-per-
use, subscription-based, and spot pricing, allowing users to choose the option that best suits their
needs.
10. Automation: Cloud computing services are often highly automated, allowing users to deploy
and manage resources with minimal manual intervention.

Benefits of Cloud-Based Computing


Here are some advantages of cloud computing, along with real-life examples:
1. Scalability
One of the best advantages of cloud computing is scalability. Maintaining a business, organization,
or another element is trying in ideal circumstances. Especially amid the stresses of downturn,
expansion, pandemic, war, work putting together, and store network disturbances. Cloud
Computing provides the opportunity to scale at your own speed. Organizations are savvy to have
their significant developments plotted out three to five years ahead of time, however, the world can
be unpredictable. Whether you need to develop forcefully or carefully or downsize decisively during
seasons of unrest, cloud computing is a business resource you pay for just as and when you want it.
2. Security
According to certain reports, small private companies are multiple times more likely to suffer a
cyberattack than large organizations. That most likely shocks numerous owners of companies. The
reasons are obvious, but — only 33% of organizations with four or fewer representatives register
hacks as a danger. The year 2021 reported 52,974 cybercrime, whereas the year 2020
reported 50,035 cases in India. Migrating business to the cloud implies approaching industry-
standard information data protection/assurance, firewalls, and robotized all-day, everyday network
observing. Few out of every odd organization can bear to hold that sort of IT ability and foundation
in-house.
3. Accessible to modern technology
Cloud computing is far more than an internet-based storage service for data. Organizations
worldwide currently use cutting-edge technologies they need to get done with their responsibilities
and run their business over the web utilizing the cloud. Some technology available on a cloud
platform includes Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, Data Analytics, Data Visualization,
Containerization, etc. The Public Cloud Market Set to Surpass US $500 BN by 2023. The
opportunity to build powerful AI applications and machine learning models without buying actual
physical servers is a strong motivation.
4. Cheaper
The cloud computing model is based on the ‘pay-as-you-go’ principle and offers a possibly less
expensive way for organizations to remain coordinated and online. Albeit the costs for hard drives,
strong state drives, servers, and other fundamental things have fallen lately, cloud computing proves
to be the best regarding cost expenses. It’s still more affordable much of the time to pay a continuous
membership expense for cloud computing access than to buy and afterward keep an in-house data-
processing or warehousing contraption. Organizations don’t have to look at, search for, and buy
actual physical infrastructure when they have a dependable cloud computing partner.
5. Mobility
One of the main advantages of cloud computing is mobility. Employees have the option to compute
heavy tasks from anywhere. Work-life balance and working from home on everyone’s brains
nowadays, information and workflow through the cloud introduces itself as a sensible investment.

6. Easy Collaboration
A benefit of distributed computing firmly connected with mobility is simple collaboration. It’s one
thing to take your platform, administration and information mobile. It’s one more challenge to
gather all the data gathered by your company’s agents, organize it and ensure there are no errors or
duplicates. Cloud services mean less complex and less mistake-inclined coordination
between organizations, departments, clients, customers etc. There’s less time expected to
exchange information and reach a significant conclusion from it and everyone works from a similar
single source of truth.
7. Prediction ability
Data analytics deserves more consideration. Cloud computing has accomplished more
powerful predictive analytics than other technologies. In any event, when you don’t have the
machines, you really want under your rooftop, someone on the opposite side of the globe has a
processing limit accessible for you to access for a lower charge.

Cloud Deployment Model


Cloud Deployment Model functions as a virtual computing environment with a deployment
architecture that varies depending on the amount of data you want to store and who has access to the
infrastructure.
Types of Cloud Computing Deployment Models
The cloud deployment model identifies the specific type of cloud environment based on ownership,
scale, and access, as well as the cloud’s nature and purpose. The location of the servers you’re
utilizing and who controls them are defined by a cloud deployment model. It specifies how your
cloud infrastructure will look, what you can change, and whether you will be given services or will
have to create everything yourself. Relationships between the infrastructure and your users are also
defined by cloud deployment types. Different types of cloud computing deployment models are
described below.
• Public Cloud
• Private Cloud
• Hybrid Cloud

Public Cloud
The public cloud makes it possible for anybody to access systems and services. The public cloud
may be less secure as it is open to everyone. The public cloud is one in which cloud infrastructure
services are provided over the internet to the general people or major industry groups. The
infrastructure in this cloud model is owned by the entity that delivers the cloud services, not by the
consumer. It is a type of cloud hosting that allows customers and users to easily access systems and
services. This form of cloud computing is an excellent example of cloud hosting, in which service
providers supply services to a variety of customers. In this arrangement, storage backup and retrieval
services are given for free, as a subscription, or on a per-user basis. For example, Google App Engine
etc.
Figure 1.2: Public Cloud

Advantages of the Public Cloud Model


• Minimal Investment: Because it is a pay-per-use service, there is no substantial upfront fee,
making it excellent for enterprises that require immediate access to resources.
• No setup cost: The entire infrastructure is fully subsidized by the cloud service providers, thus
there is no need to set up any hardware.
• Infrastructure Management is not required: Using the public cloud does not necessitate
infrastructure management.
• No maintenance: The maintenance work is done by the service provider (not users).
• Dynamic Scalability: To fulfill your company’s needs, on-demand resources are accessible.
Disadvantages of the Public Cloud Model
• Less secure: Public cloud is less secure as resources are public so there is no guarantee of high-
level security.
• Low customization: It is accessed by many public so it can’t be customized according to
personal requirements.

Private Cloud
The private cloud deployment model is the exact opposite of the public cloud deployment model.
It’s a one-on-one environment for a single user (customer). There is no need to share your hardware
with anyone else. The distinction between private and public clouds is in how you handle all of the
hardware. It is also called the “internal cloud” & it refers to the ability to access systems and services
within a given border or organization. The cloud platform is implemented in a cloud-based secure
environment that is protected by powerful firewalls and under the supervision of an organization’s
IT department. The private cloud gives greater flexibility of control over cloud resources.
Figure 1.3: Private Cloud

Advantages of the Private Cloud Model


• Better Control: You are the sole owner of the property. You gain complete command over
service integration, IT operations, policies, and user behavior.
• Data Security and Privacy: It’s suitable for storing corporate information to which only
authorized staff have access. By segmenting resources within the same infrastructure, improved
access and security can be achieved.
• Supports Legacy Systems: This approach is designed to work with legacy systems that are
unable to access the public cloud.
• Customization: Unlike a public cloud deployment, a private cloud allows a company to tailor
its solution to meet its specific needs.
Disadvantages of the Private Cloud Model
• Less scalable: Private clouds are scaled within a certain range as there is less number of clients.
• Costly: Private clouds are more costly as they provide personalized facilities.

Hybrid Cloud
By bridging the public and private worlds with a layer of proprietary software, hybrid cloud
computing gives the best of both worlds. With a hybrid solution, you may host the app in a safe
environment while taking advantage of the public cloud’s cost savings. Organizations can move data
and applications between different clouds using a combination of two or more cloud deployment
methods, depending on their needs.
Fig 1.4: Hybrid Cloud

Advantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model


• Flexibility and control: Businesses with more flexibility can design personalized solutions that
meet their particular needs.
• Cost: Because public clouds provide scalability, you’ll only be responsible for paying for the
extra capacity if you require it.
• Security: Because data is properly separated, the chances of data theft by attackers are
considerably reduced.
Disadvantages of the Hybrid Cloud Model
• Difficult to manage: Hybrid clouds are difficult to manage as it is a combination of both public
and private cloud. So, it is complex.
• Slow data transmission: Data transmission in the hybrid cloud takes place through the public
cloud so latency occurs.

Cloud Based Services


Cloud Computing can be defined as the practice of using a network of remote servers hosted on the
Internet to store, manage, and process data, rather than a local server or a personal computer.
Companies offering such kinds of cloud computing services are called cloud providers and typically
charge for cloud computing services based on usage. Grids and clusters are the foundations for cloud
computing.
Types of Cloud Computing
Most cloud computing services fall into five broad categories:
1. Software as a service (SaaS)
2. Platform as a service (PaaS)
3. Infrastructure as a service (IaaS)
Software as a Service (SaaS)
Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) is a way of delivering services and applications over the Internet.
Instead of installing and maintaining software, we simply access it via the Internet, freeing ourselves
from the complex software and hardware management. It removes the need to install and run
applications on our own computers or in the data centers eliminating the expenses of hardware as
well as software maintenance.
SaaS provides a complete software solution that you purchase on a pay-as-you-go basis from a
cloud service provider. Most SaaS applications can be run directly from a web browser without any
downloads or installations required. The SaaS applications are sometimes called Web-based
software, on-demand software, or hosted software.

Advantages of SaaS:
1. Cost-Effective: Pay only for what you use.
2. Reduced time: Users can run most SaaS apps directly from their web browser without needing
to download and install any software. This reduces the time spent in installation and
configuration and can reduce the issues that can get in the way of the software deployment.
3. Accessibility: We can Access app data from anywhere.
4. Automatic updates: Rather than purchasing new software, customers rely on a SaaS provider
to automatically perform the updates.
5. Scalability: It allows the users to access the services and features on-demand.
The various companies providing Software as a service are Cloud9 Analytics, Salesforce.com,
Cloud Switch, Microsoft Office 365, Big Commerce, Eloqua, dropBox, and Cloud Tran.

Disadvantages of Saas:
1. Limited customization: SaaS solutions are typically not as customizable as on-premises
software, meaning that users may have to work within the constraints of the SaaS provider’s
platform and may not be able to tailor the software to their specific needs.
2. Dependence on internet connectivity: SaaS solutions are typically cloud-based, which means
that they require a stable internet connection to function properly. This can be problematic for
users in areas with poor connectivity or for those who need to access the software in offline
environments.
3. Security concerns: SaaS providers are responsible for maintaining the security of the data stored
on their servers, but there is still a risk of data breaches or other security incidents.
4. Limited control over data: SaaS providers may have access to a user’s data, which can be a
concern for organizations that need to maintain strict control over their data for regulatory or
other reasons.
Platform as a Service (PaaS)
PaaS is a category of cloud computing that provides a platform and environment to allow developers
to build applications and services over the internet. PaaS services are hosted in the cloud and
accessed by users simply via their web browser.
A PaaS provider hosts the hardware and software on its own infrastructure. As a result, PaaS frees
users from having to install in-house hardware and software to develop or run a new application.
Thus, the development and deployment of the application take place independent of the hardware.
The consumer does not manage or control the underlying cloud infrastructure including network,
servers, operating systems, or storage, but has control over the deployed applications and possibly
configuration settings for the application-hosting environment. To make it simple, take the example
of an annual day function, you will have two options either to create a venue or to rent a venue but
the function is the same.
Advantages of PaaS:
1. Simple and convenient for users: It provides much of the infrastructure and other IT services,
which users can access anywhere via a web browser.
2. Cost-Effective: It charges for the services provided on a per-use basis thus eliminating the
expenses one may have for on-premises hardware and software.
3. Efficiently managing the lifecycle: It is designed to support the complete web application
lifecycle: building, testing, deploying, managing, and updating.
4. Efficiency: It allows for higher-level programming with reduced complexity thus, the overall
development of the application can be more effective.
The various companies providing Platform as a service are Amazon Web services Elastic Beanstalk,
Salesforce, Windows Azure, Google App Engine, cloud Bees and IBM smart cloud.
Disadvantages of Paas:
1. Limited control over infrastructure: PaaS providers typically manage the underlying
infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates, but this can also mean that users have
less control over the environment and may not be able to make certain customizations.
2. Dependence on the provider: Users are dependent on the PaaS provider for the availability,
scalability, and reliability of the platform, which can be a risk if the provider experiences outages
or other issues.
3. Limited flexibility: PaaS solutions may not be able to accommodate certain types of workloads
or applications, which can limit the value of the solution for certain organizations.

Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)


Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a service model that delivers computer infrastructure on an
outsourced basis to support various operations. Typically IaaS is a service where infrastructure is
provided as outsourcing to enterprises such as networking equipment, devices, database, and web
servers.
It is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). IaaS customers pay on a per-user basis, typically
by the hour, week, or month. Some providers also charge customers based on the amount of virtual
machine space they use.
It simply provides the underlying operating systems, security, networking, and servers for
developing such applications, and services, and deploying development tools, databases, etc.
Advantages of IaaS:
1. Cost-Effective: Eliminates capital expense and reduces ongoing cost and IaaS customers pay on
a per-user basis, typically by the hour, week, or month.
2. Website hosting: Running websites using IaaS can be less expensive than traditional web
hosting.
3. Security: The IaaS Cloud Provider may provide better security than your existing software.
4. Maintenance: There is no need to manage the underlying data center or the introduction of new
releases of the development or underlying software. This is all handled by the IaaS Cloud
Provider.
The various companies providing Infrastructure as a service are Amazon web services, Bluestack,
IBM, Openstack, Rackspace, and Vmware.
Disadvantages of laaS :
1. Limited control over infrastructure: IaaS providers typically manage the underlying
infrastructure and take care of maintenance and updates, but this can also mean that users have
less control over the environment and may not be able to make certain customizations.
2. Security concerns: Users are responsible for securing their own data and applications, which
can be a significant undertaking.
3. Limited access: Cloud computing may not be accessible in certain regions and countries due to
legal policies.

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