2024
SEC 4 A MATH
WA1 REVISION
Agenda
In Every Topics:
CCC
We’ll Cover the 3Cs
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Most Effective Method to Study Math
CCC
1. Recap Important Concepts
2. Careless Mistakes to Avoid
3. Complex Questions to take note
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
How Paradigm can help you in O Levels this year
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
A Quick Question
On a Scale of 1-10 –
How Prepared are y’all for WA1?
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
A Quick Question
CHANGE CAN HAPPEN TODAY!
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
A Quick Question
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
On Top of That…
We’ve prepared WA1 CHEATSHEET for you too!
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
A Gift For You…
Throughout the next 1.5 hours…
1. Follow
@paradigm_sg
2. Share your experience
Of our crash course!
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PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Throughout the next 1.5 hours…
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Trigonometry
Trigonometry
Simplifying Graphs
1. Trigonometric Special Angles
1, Basic Graph Shapes (sin, cos, tan)
2. Principal Value
2. Obtaining Amplitude, Period, Shifting
3. Basic Angles
3. Application to Real World Context
4. Trigonometric Identities
5. Addition Formula
6. Double Angle Formula
7. Half Angle Formula
Quadrants Proving & Solving R Formula
Step 1: Identify Quadrant 1. Simplifying 1. Find Right Angle Triangle
Step 2: Draw your Triangle 2. Basic Angle 2. Find more Theta, 𝜃
Step 3: Label the Sides of the Triangle -Ensure it is Positive 3. Never CUT Theta, CUT 90°
-Check Radian or Degree 4. Max/Min Value & it’s 𝜃
(Please be careful of the Signs)
3. Quadrant (ASTC) 5. Solving
Step 4: Find all the sides (Pythagoras)
4. Domain (Change Domain if required)
Step 5: Solve
5. Solve
PARADIGM JC MATH DEPARTMENT
Trigonometry
Simplifying Graphs
1. Trigonometric Special Angles
2. Principal Value 1, Basic Graph Shapes (sin, cos, tan)
3. Basic Angles 2. Obtaining Amplitude, Period, Shifting
4. Trigonometric Identities 3. Application to Real World Context
5. Addition Formula
6. Double Angle Formula
7. Half Angle Formula
Quadrants Proving & Solving R Formula
1. Simplifying
Step 1: Identify Quadrant
2. Basic Angle 1. Find Right Angle Triangle
Step 2: Draw your Triangle
-Ensure it is Positive 2. Find more Theta, 𝜃
Step 3: Label the Sides of the Triangle
-Check Radian or Degree 3. Never CUT Theta, CUT 90°
(Please be careful of the Signs) 3. Quadrant (ASTC) 4. Max/Min Value & it’s 𝜃
Step 4: Find all the sides (Pythagoras) 4. Domain (Change Domain if required) 5. Solving
Step 5: Solve 5. Solve
PARADIGM JC MATH DEPARTMENT
Trigonometry - Simplifying
1. Simplifying Trigonometry
30° 45° 60°
1 2 3
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝐬𝐢𝐧
2 2 2
3 2 1
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝐜𝐨𝐬
2 2 2
1
𝐭𝐚𝐧 1 3 𝐭𝐚𝐧
3
Trigonometry - Simplifying
1. Simplifying Trigonometry
NOTE:
1) REMEMBER SPECIAL ANGLES
𝜋 𝜋
sin 45∘ cos 45∘ cos −tan
(a) sin 30∘+cos 60∘ (b) 𝜋
6
𝜋
4
sin 3 +cos 3
HOW TO VALIDATE:
1. Use calculator to check
Trigonometry - Quadrants
2. Quadrants
3 1
Given that tan 𝐴 = − 4 and cos 𝐵 = − , where 𝐴 and 𝐵 are in the
5
same quadrant. Without using a calculator, find the value of sin(𝐴 + 𝐵)
Trigonometry Graphs
3. Trigonometry Graphs (Sketching)
Understanding the WHY FIRST! Looking at the Equation
𝒚 = 𝒂𝒔𝒊𝒏𝒃𝒙 + 𝒄
Trigonometry Graphs
3. Trigonometry Graphs (Sketching)
Let’s Draw 𝒚 = 𝟑𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 for 0 < 𝒙 < 𝟑𝟔𝟎
Trigonometry Graphs
3. Trigonometry Graphs (Sketching)
2 Common Mistakes in (Tan) Graph Let’s Draw 𝒚 = 𝟐𝒕𝒂𝒏𝟐𝒙 + 𝟏 for −𝟏𝟖𝟎 < 𝒙 < 𝟏𝟖𝟎
Trigonometry Graphs
3. Trigonometry Graphs (Hence)
𝑥 1
The function f is given by f 𝑥 = −3 sin 2 + 2 . It is given that 𝑦1 = −2 cos 𝑥 + 1 and 𝑦2 = sin 2 𝑥.
(i) State the amplitude and period of f. For the interval 0 < 𝑥 < 2𝜋.
(ii) Sketch the graph of 𝑦 = f(𝑥) for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4𝜋. By drawing a suitable (i) State the amplitude and period of 𝑦1 and of 𝑦2 ,
straight line on the same axes, state the number of solutions to the equation (ii) Sketch, on the same diagram, the graphs of 𝑦1 and 𝑦2 ,
𝑥
4𝜋 − 𝑥 − 6𝜋 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 0 for 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 4𝜋. (iii) Find the 𝑥-coordinate of the points of intersection of the two graphs drawn in (ii),
2 (iv) Hence, find the range of values of 𝑥 for which 𝒚𝟏 ≤ 𝒚𝟐 .
Amplitude of y1 = 2, Period of y1 = 2𝜋
(i) Amplitude = 3, Period = 4𝜋 (ii) Amplitude of y2 = 1, Period of y2 = 4𝜋
Amplitude = 3
Period = 2𝜋 ÷ 2
1 𝑦1 = −2 cos 𝑥 + 1
= 4𝜋
1 π 3π
−2 cos 𝑥 + 1 = sin 𝑥
2 2 π 2
2
𝑥 1
−2 1 − 2 sin + 1 = sin 𝑥
2 2
𝑥
4𝜋 − 𝑥 − 6𝜋 sin 2 = 0 𝑥 1 2π
2
4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − sin 𝑥 − 1 = 0
4𝜋−𝑥−6𝜋 sin2
𝑥 2 2
0 1
2𝜋
= 2𝜋 sin 𝑥 = 0.6403882
1
𝑥 𝑥 2 𝑦2 = sin 𝑥
2 − 2𝜋 − 3 sin 2 = 0 𝑎 = 0.69500
2
𝑥 𝑥 1
−3 sin 2 + 2 = 2𝜋 𝑥 = 0.69500, 𝜋 − 0.69500
2
𝑥
Since there are 3 points of intersection between the graphs 𝑦 = −3 sin 2 + 2 = 0.695 𝑜𝑟 2.4466
𝑥 𝑥 = 1.39, 4.89
and 𝑦 = 2𝜋, there are 3 solutions. 0 < 𝑥 ≤ 1.39 or 4.89 ≤ 𝑥 < 2𝜋
2019 P1 Q12 2017 P2 Q10
Trigonometry Graphs
3. Trigonometry Graphs (Application)
To study the effects of water waves, a wave generator and a rubber duck were placed in a water An object is connected to the wall with a spring that has a original horizontal length
tank as shown in the diagram above. The height, ℎ metres, from the bottom of water tank was of 20 cm. The object is pulled back 8 cm past the original length and released. The
modelled by ℎ = asin(𝑘𝑡) + 𝑏, where 𝑡 is the time in hours after midnight and 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑘 are object completed 4 cycles per second.
constants. The motion of the rubber duck was observed for 36 hours. The minimum height of
1.5 m from bottom of water tank was first recorded at 06 00. The maximum height of 2.5 m was
first recorded at 18 00.
(i) Given that the function 𝑥 = 8 cos(𝑎𝜋𝑡) + 𝑏, where 𝑥 is the
(i) Find the values of 𝑎, 𝑏 and 𝑘. horizontal distance, in centimetres, of the object from the
(ii) Using the values found in (i), sketch the graph of ℎ = asin(𝑘𝑡) + 𝑏 for 0 ≤ 𝑡 ≤ 36. wall and 𝑡 is the time in seconds after releasing the object,
1.5 − 2.5 find the values of 𝑎 and 𝑏.
𝑎= = −0.5
2 (ii) Find the duration of time for each cycle such that the object
−0.5 + 𝑏 = 1.5
is more than 27 cm from the wall.
𝑏=2
2𝜋
Period = = 12 × 2
𝑘 (i) 𝑏 = 20
2𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
𝑘= = Period = 𝑎𝜋
24 12
1 2𝜋
4
= 𝑎𝜋 ⇒ 𝑎 = 8
(ii) 27 = 8 cos 8𝜋𝑡 + 20
7
cos 8𝜋𝑡 = 8
𝑎 = 0.50536
8𝜋𝑡 = 0.50536
𝑡 = 0.020107
Duration of time = 0.020107 × 2
= 0.0402 s
2016 P1 Q11
Trigonometry - Proving
4. Proving Trigonometry
Proving (Simple Trigo) Proving (Further Trigo)
Prove that
tan 𝐴−cot 𝐴
= 2 sin2 𝐴 Prove sec 3𝑥 sin 3𝑥 − 2 sin3 3𝑥 = tan 3𝑥 cos 6𝑥.
tan 𝐴+cot 𝐴
tan2 𝑥−1 Prove that cosec 2𝑥 + cot 2𝑥 = cot 𝑥.
Prove that = 1 − 2 cos2 𝑥
tan2 𝑥+1
Prove that
1+tan2 𝑥
= sec 2𝑥 Prove that sin 3𝑥 = 3 sin 𝑥 − 4 sin3 𝑥
1−tan2 𝑥
Prove that
sin 𝑥
+
sin 𝑥
= 2 cot 𝑥 Prove that sin 3𝑥 = 3 sin 𝑥 − 4 sin3 𝑥
sec 𝑥+1 sec 𝑥−1
Prove that (sec 𝑥 − tan 𝑥) cosec 𝑥 + 1 = cot 𝑥 1−cos 2𝑥+sin 𝑥
Prove that = tan 𝑥
sin 2𝑥+cos 𝑥
1+sin 𝑥 1−cos 2𝑥+sin 𝑥
Prove that tan 𝑥 + sec 𝑥 2 = Prove that = tan 𝑥
1−sin 𝑥 sin 2𝑥+cos 𝑥
1 1 2
Prove that − = 2 tan 𝑥 sec 𝑥. Prove tan 45° + 𝐴 + tan 45° − 𝐴 =
1−sin 𝑥 1+sin 𝑥 cos 2𝐴
Prove that sec 𝑥 − tan 𝑥 cosec 𝑥 + 1 = cot 𝑥. 1+sin 2𝐴−cos 2𝐴
Prove = tan 𝐴
1+sin 2𝐴+cos 2𝐴
Simple 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
1
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝜃 =
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1
𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜃 =
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃
sin2 𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃 = 1
tan2 𝜃 + 1 = sec 2 𝜃
cot 2 𝜃 + 1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝜃
Trigonometry - Solving
4. Solving Trigonometry
Basic Concept FIRST!
Solve 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 0 for 0 ≤ 𝜃 ≤ 360 Solve 2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 3 = 0 for 0 < 𝜃 < 2𝜋.
PARADIGM JC MATH DEPARTMENT
Trigonometry - Solving
4. Solving Trigonometry
Find all the angles between 0° and 360° inclusive which satisfy the equation
tan 2𝑥 + 60° = 1.2,
NOTE:
Trigonometry – R Formula
5. R Formula
Understanding the WHY FIRST! Looking at the Equation
𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 + 𝑎
𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑏𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 = 𝑅𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜃 − 𝑎)
𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃 − 𝑎)
𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 𝑏𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑅𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃 + 𝑎)
PARADIGM JC MATH DEPARTMENT
Trigonometry – R Formula
Concept Question Application Question
1. Proving Question
1. Express R Formula 2. Express R Formula
2. Maximum & Minimum Value (Graph) 3. Maximum & Minimum Value
3. Solving (BQDB) 4. Solving
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Trigonometry - Solving
PARADIGM JC MATH DEPARTMENT
Trigonometry – R Formula
5. R Formula
NOTE:
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Trigonometry – R Formula
5. R Formula
(a) Explain clearly why 𝐿 = 10 sin 𝜃 + 24 cos 𝜃. [2]
(b) Express 𝐿 in the form 𝑅 cos(𝜃 − 𝛼), where 𝑅 > 0 and 0° < 𝛼 < 90°. [4]
(c) Find the greatest possible value of 𝐿 and the value of 𝜃 at which this occurs. [3]
(d) Find the value of 𝜃 for which 𝐿 = 20. [2]
NOTE:
1) Recall Knowledge in Trigo Graphs
2) Recall Knowledge in Solving Trigo
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Differentiation Summary
Chain Rule Product Rule Quotient Rule
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛 𝑓 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 − 𝑔′ 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 =
= (𝑛)(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑛−1 (𝑎) = 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 𝑔 𝑥 + 𝑔′ 𝑥 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) 𝑔(𝑥)2
Equation of Increasing & (Connected) Maxima &
Tangent & Normal Decreasing Functions Rate of Change Minima
1. Gradient of Tangent 1. Finding Range 1. Basic Questions 1. First Derivative Test (Box)
2. Gradient of Normal -Quadratic Inequalities 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 Decreasing Rate 2. Second Derivative Test
= × *Put Negative
3. Forming Equations -Reverse Quadratic Inequalities 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑡
-Explanation 2. Advance Questions Coordinate Mensuratio
Geometry n
𝒅𝒙 𝐝𝐲 “Double
=𝒌 × Split”
2. Proving Questions 𝒅𝒕 𝐝𝐭
*Similar Triangles
-Prove by Deduction *Pythagoras Theorem
Mensuration *TOA CAH SOH
-Prove by Completing The Square *Similar Triangles
*Pythagoras Theorem
*TOA CAH SOH
Trigonometry Exponential Logarithm
Differentiate 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥, 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥, 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 only 𝑑 𝑓(𝑥) 𝑑 𝑓′(𝑥)
Use Trigo Identities for the rest 𝑒 = 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 𝑒 𝑓(𝑥) ln 𝑓 𝑥 =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑓(𝑥)
Process: Power Trigo Bracket
Recall Law of Indices Recall Law of Logarithm
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Differentiation - Rules
Differentiation
Equation Expression Function
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Differentiation - Rules
Differentiation (Basic Rules)
𝑦 = 3𝑥 4
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Differentiation - Rules
Differentiation (Chain Rule)
1 1
𝑦 = (3 − 5𝑥 2 )7 𝑦=2 , 𝑥≠3
1−3𝑥 3
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Differentiation - Rules
Differentiation (Product Rule)
𝑦 = 1 + 2𝑥 2 2 − 3𝑥 5
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Differentiation - Rules
Differentiation (Product Rule)
𝑦 = 2𝑥 − 1 4𝑥 + 1
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
Differentiation - Rules
Differentiation (Quotient Rule)
2𝑥 − 7
𝑦=
𝑥+1
PARADIGM SECONDARY MATH DEPARTMENT
