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Lec 26 Java Fundamental of Computing

The document provides an overview of data types in Java, including primitive types and object types, as well as how to use arrays to store multiple values. It explains array syntax, initialization, and methods for calculating averages and finding maximum values, emphasizing the importance of using object-oriented programming for better data management. Additionally, it discusses the implications of passing arrays to methods and how modifications affect the original array due to reference passing in Java.

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abhishekhamida
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2 views18 pages

Lec 26 Java Fundamental of Computing

The document provides an overview of data types in Java, including primitive types and object types, as well as how to use arrays to store multiple values. It explains array syntax, initialization, and methods for calculating averages and finding maximum values, emphasizing the importance of using object-oriented programming for better data management. Additionally, it discusses the implications of passing arrays to methods and how modifications affect the original array due to reference passing in Java.

Uploaded by

abhishekhamida
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Types in Java

• 8 Primitive Types
– byte, short, int, long
– float, double
– boolean
– Char
• Object types:
– predefined e.g. “String” ;
– User-defined – via “class” and constructors

• What if we want to store lots of items – e.g.


midsem marks?
Primitive Type Syntax

double number = 3;
Array Syntax

double[ ] number;
Array Syntax

double[ ] number = {1,2,3} ;


double[] numArray = new double[3];
String sArray[ ] = {"This", "is", "an", "array"};
Arrays

• Arrays are predefined types of objects that


can hold a series of values
– An array uses an index to access a particular
value
– No explicit constructor needed
– Some pre-defined variables e.g. “.length”
Array Implementation
Every time an array is initialized, using new,
or by {… },
• a contiguous block of memory is assigned
for it
• the array name (e.g numArray) is assigned
the start address (In Java, this address is
the reference for this variable).
• numArray[0] is the first element
Printing an Array
class ArrayPrint
{
public static void main (String arg[])
{
double numbers[] = {1,2,3};
double numbers2[] = {1,2,3,4};
String s[] = {"This", "is", "an", "array"};
printArray (s,4);
}

public static void printArray (String[] arr, int length)


{ for(int j=0;j<length;j++)
System.out.println("Element "+j+"= "+arr[j]);
}
}
Array Length
Array objects have some predefined variables
e.g. length

String s[ ] = {"This", "is", "an", "array"};


System.out.println("Length of s: "+
s.length);
Rainfall data - average
• class Rainfall {
• public static void main (String arg[])
• {
• double dailyRainFall[] = {12.3, 13.5, 4.2, 2.4, 1.1, 0, 10.8};
• int i;

• double average = 0;
• for (i=0; i<7; i++)
• { average += dailyRainFall[i]; }
• average /= 7;

• System.out.println ("Average rain fall:"+ average + " mm");


• // System.out.printf ("Average rain fall: %2.2f mm %n", average);
• }
• }
Finding the average
for (i=0; i<7; i++)
{ average += dailyRainFall[i]; }
average /= 7;

Everytime I have another day of rain, I need to


change the number “7” in my program

Instead, I can use

for (i=0; i<dailyRainFall.length; i++)


{ average += dailyRainFall[i]; }
average /= dailyRainFall.length;
class ArrayPrint
class ArrayPrint
{
public static void main (String arg[])
{
String s[ ] = {"This", "is", "a", "test", "array"};
printArray(s);
System.out.println( "s[0] length is: "+s[0].length() );
}

public static void printArray (String[] arr)


{ for(int j=0;j<arr.length;j++)
System.out.println("Element "+j+"= "+arr[j]);
}

// exercise: define lengthOfStringArray (String[] s)


}
Parallel Arrays
• Say wish to record who got how many
marks in the recent midsem.
• One solution: use several arrays in parallel:
int[ ] rollNum= {6016, 6024, 6078};
double[ ] midsemMarks
= {61.7, 54 , 74.2 };
String[ ] name = {"AbhishekA", "AbhishekS",
"Ankit"};

• Finding maximum marks?


Maximum Marks

public static double findMax (double numbers[])


{
double max = numbers[0];
for (int i=1; i<numbers.length; i++)
{ if (numbers[i] > max)
max = numbers[i];
}
return max;
}

But what if we want to know WHO got this maximum mark?

Can return the index of the maximum mark person instead.


Maximum Marks index
/** finds the index of the person with maximum marks */
public static int findMaxIndex (double numbers[])
{
double max = numbers[0];
int index = 0;
for (int i=1; i<numbers.length; i++)
{
if (numbers[i] > max)
{
max = numbers[i];
index = i;
}
}
return index;
}

See file: ArrayMidsems.java


Parallel Arrays

Now we can use:

System.out.println ("Highest marks, by


"+name[maxIndex]+ " (Y"+rollNum[maxIndex]+") =
"+midsemMarks[maxIndex]);

(See file: ArrayMidsems.java)

BUT: What if we wish to sort the marks? How can we maintain the roll numbers
etc?
Student records
rollNum= {6016, 6024, 6078};
midsemMarks = {61.7, 54 , 74.2 };
name = {"Abhishek Murthy",
"AbhishekS",
"Ankit"};

In practice, parallel arrays are hard to maintain.


Better is to define an object STUDENT with data:
rollNum, marks, and name, and define arrays of
the STUDENT object: Student[ ]
Array Variables

• What happens if we do this?


int[] rollNum= {6016, 6024, 6078};
int[] a = {1,2,3,4};
a = rollNum;

• Now the part of memory previously


accessed through “a” is lost. “a” and
“rollNum” now point to the same place in
memory.
Passing Arrays
• The method findAverage() is defined thus:
public static double findAverage (double[] arr)
{ for (int i = 1; i<arr.length; i++)
{ arr[0] += arr[i]; }
return (arr[0] / arr.length) ; // will this work?
}

• Q. I invoke this method on the array numbers[ ].


findAverage(numbers). Does numbers[0] remain what it
was or does it change?

• Since method arguments in Java are passed by reference


– so numbers[0] has the same address as arr[0] inside the
method; and modifications to arrays inside the method are
reflected outside the method

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