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ITT400

Chapter 9 of the document discusses connecting devices, backbone networks, and virtual LANs (VLANs). It categorizes connecting devices based on their operational layers and explains the functions of hubs, repeaters, bridges, routers, and gateways. The chapter also covers backbone networks that connect multiple LANs and the concept of VLANs, which are software-configured networks that enhance security and efficiency.

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6 views33 pages

ITT400

Chapter 9 of the document discusses connecting devices, backbone networks, and virtual LANs (VLANs). It categorizes connecting devices based on their operational layers and explains the functions of hubs, repeaters, bridges, routers, and gateways. The chapter also covers backbone networks that connect multiple LANs and the concept of VLANs, which are software-configured networks that enhance security and efficiency.

Uploaded by

2023674324
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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ITT400

Introduction To Data Communication


and Networking

Chapter 9
Connecting Devices, Backbone
Networks and Virtual LANs

Mazlan Osman, FSKM, UiTM (Terengganu) 2020


9-1 CONNECTING DEVICES

In this section, we divide connecting


devices into five different categories
based on the layer in which they operate
in a network.
Figure 9.1 Five categories of connecting devices
Note

✓A passive hub is just a connector.


✓It connects the wires coming from
different stations.
Note

✓A repeater connects segments of a


LAN; it does not connect two LANs.
✓A repeater forwards every frame;
it has no filtering capability.
✓A repeater is a regenerator,
not an amplifier.
Figure 9.2 A repeater connecting two segments of a LAN
Figure 9.3 Function of a repeater
Note

✓An active hub is a multiport repeater.


✓It also can be used to create multiple
levels of hierarchy.
Figure 9.4 A hierarchy of hubs
Note

✓A bridge operates in both the physical


and data link layer.
✓A bridge has a table used in
filtering decisions.
✓A bridge does not change the physical
(MAC) addresses in a frame.
Figure 9.5 A bridge connecting two LANs
Note

✓A two-layer switch is a bridge with


many ports that allow better
performance.
✓It performs at the physical and data
link layer.
Note

✓A router connects LANs and WANs in


the Internet.
✓A router routes packets based on
logical addresses.
✓It performs at the network layer.
✓A three-layer switch is a kind of router
but faster and more sophisticated.
Figure 9.6 Routers connecting independent LANs and WANs
Note

✓A gateway is a hardware device that


acts as a "gate" between two networks.
✓It may be a router, firewall, server, or
other device that enables traffic to flow
in and out of the network.
✓A gateway protects the nodes
within network, it also a node itself.
✓A router is a common type
of gateway used in home networks.
9.15
Figure 9.7 Gateway connecting between two different networks
9-2 BACKBONE NETWORKS

A backbone network allows several LANs


to be connected. In a backbone network,
no station is directly connected to the
backbone; the stations are part of a LAN,
and the backbone connects the LANs.
Note

In a bus backbone, the topology


of the backbone is a bus.
Figure 9.8 Bus Backbone Vs. Bus Topology

Figure 9.8a A bus backbone connecting three LANs Figure 9.8b A bus topology connecting three stations
Note

In a star backbone, the topology of the


backbone is a star; the backbone is just
one switch.
Figure 9.9 Star Backbone Vs. Star Topology

Figure 9.9a A star backbone connecting three LANs Figure 9.9b A star topology connecting three stations
Note

✓A common application for a backbone


network is to connect remote LANs.
✓It is useful when a company has a
several offices with LANs and need to
connect them.
✓The connection can be done through
bridges.
Figure 9.10 Connecting remote LANs with bridges
9-3 VIRTUAL LANs

We can roughly define a virtual local area


network (VLAN) as a local area network
configured by software, not by physical
wiring.
Figure 9.11 A switch connecting three LANs
Figure 9.12 A switch using VLAN software
Figure 9.13 Two switches in a backbone using VLAN software
Note

VLANs create broadcast domains.


Note
VLAN Membership :
✓Port Number
✓Define port number belong to VLAN
✓MAC Address
✓Define based on bit MAC address,
e.g: 32 bit belong to VLAN
Note
VLAN Membership :
✓IP Address
✓Define a source device can send to a
group of devices
✓Combination
Note
VLAN Configuration:
✓Manual configuration
✓Manually configured by
administrator using software
✓Autmatic configuration
✓Station automatic connect and
disconnect to VLAN using criteria
than has been defined
Note
VLAN Configuration:
✓Semi-automatic
✓Whether manually configuration or
automatically configuration
Note
VLAN Standard and Advantages:
✓Standard
✓IEEE 802.1Q defines format of
tagging and used in multi-switched
backbone
✓Advantages
✓Cost and time reduction
✓Creating virtual workgroup
✓Provide better security

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