Permutations and Combinations Expanded
Permutations and Combinations Expanded
1. Introduction
Permutations and combinations are methods used to count the different ways to arrange or select
items.
If an event can occur in m ways and another in n ways, then both can occur in m × n ways.
Example: If you have 4 shirts and 3 trousers, you can dress in 4 × 3 = 12 different ways.
3. Factorial (n!)
n! = n × (n-1) × ... × 1; 0! = 1
Example: 4! = 4×3×2×1 = 24
4. Permutations
P(n, r) = n! / (n - r)!
5. Combinations
= 40
Permutation:
- Order matters
Combination:
7. Mixed Examples
Example 4: How many ways to choose 2 boys and 2 girls from 5 boys and 6 girls?
8. Applications
Permutations:
- Creating passwords
- Ranking participants
- Arranging seats
Combinations: