Mental Math World Cup 2025

Referral Notes

Zen Master Challenge

• Mental Addition • Average/ Mean

• Mental Subtraction • HCF
• Exponents • LCM
• Prime Factorization • Squaring Numbers
• Profit & Loss • Cubing Numbers
• Mental Multiplication • Cube Roots
• Mental Division • Square Roots
• Simple Ratios • Percentage

To prepare for Mental Math World Cup 2025:

Grandmaster Category: Practice Rounds 1 to 8 on the App.

Good luck with your training!

To gain a better understanding of the types of problems topic wise

and their difficulty levels, please refer to the Sample Question
Bank provided. They offer a comprehensive overview of the
various types of problems and the degree of complexity involved.

NOTE - Please note that the referral material provided is intended only as a
reference. If your child is currently following a specific method, we recommend
that you continue with that approach.

These resources are intended to support children who may be unfamiliar with
certain mental math topics and are seeking additional assistance.

1
 Video Tutorial Links

GrandMaster and Zenmaster Category participants can enhance their skills by

exploring alternative techniques through these optional short video clips,
alongside our reference materials.

Note: These techniques are optional, and participants are free to use their preferred
mental calculation methods

Good Technique to Multiply a 2,3 and 4 Digit number by a 1 Digit Number

• Q: How do I multiply a 2,3 and 4 digit number by a 1-digit number quickly?

• A: Discover simple tricks to multiply a 2,3 and 4 digit number by a 1-digit

number!

o Click here to watch the tutorial.

Good Technique to Multiply by Large Numbers

• Q: How do I multiply 3 Digit number by a 2 Digit Number and 10 Digit
number by a 10 Digit Number) using Criss Cross Method quickly?

• A: Discover simple tricks to multiply a 3 Digit number by a 2 Digit Number

and 10 Digit number by a 10 Digit Number) using Criss Cross Method!

o Click here to watch the tutorial.

Quick techniques for Calculating Percentages

• Q: How do I calculate percentages quickly in mental math?

• A: Discover simple tricks for calculating percentages!

o Click here to watch the tutorial

Squaring Number
• Q: How do I calculate the Square of 2 Digit Number quickly?

• A: Discover 3 simple methods to square 2 Digit numbers quickly!

o Click here to watch the tutorial

Fantastic Technique for Calculate Exact Cube Roots of up to 6 Digit numbers

• Q: How do I calculate the Cube Root of Numbers up to 6 Digits quickly?

• A: Discover simple method to calculate the Cube Root of Numbers up to 6 Digits

quickly!

o Click here to watch the tutorial

2
Must Watch Technique to Divide numbers using Flag method to find Quotient
and Remainder
• Q: How do I Divide 3-digit number by a 2 D-digit number quickly and Find
Quotient and Remainder?

• A: Discover the simple trick to Divide 3-digit number by a 2 D-digit number

quickly and Find Quotient and Remainder quickly!

o Click here to watch the tutorial

Quick Techniques to find HCF and LCM

• Q: How do I find HCF and LCM?

• A: Discover simple tricks to find HCF and LCM quickly!

o Click here to watch the tutorial.

3
 Mental Additions Methods
Sometimes, we find it difficult to add numbers which end in 6, 7, 8 and 9. For example,
if we have 16+9, that's a difficult problem to do mentally.

But we can make it easy. We can use a method called by addition and by subtraction'.

Method 1

Let us try 16 + 9.

Since adding 9 directly is difficult for most of us, we add 10 which is easy to do-
mentally. So, since 9 is 1 less than 10, we can add 10 and then subtract 1 from our
answer. Our sum looks like this:

We do:

1) 16+ 10 = 26
2) 26 -1= 25 is our answer.

Here, we would like to draw your attention to the method which is called 'by addition and
by subtraction'. So, we add first and then subtract.

Let's take another example. Say, we have:

68 +9

We do

68 + 10 = 78.

78 - 1 = 77 our answer.

Now, let's try another example on our own.

59 + 8

We do: 59 + 10 = 69

Since 8 is 2 less than 10, we do:

69- 2 = 67.

The answer is 67.

Now can you tell us what happens if one of the numbers Method

being added was closer to 20?

4
Say, we have 116 + 18

So, to add 18, we add 20 and then subtract the 2.

So, we do:

116 + 20 = 136

136 - 2 = 134. This is our answer.

Now let's try addition with a larger number 139 +69

Here, to add 69, we add 70 and then subtract 1 from the

total

139 + 70 = 209

209 - 1 = 208 our answer.

Let's try another problem.

166 +88

To add 88, we added 90 and then subtract 2.

166 +90 = 256

256 -2=254 was the answer.

ACTIVITY 1

Find the Sum

1 27 2 59 3 29 4 57 5 19
+5 +6 +9 +7 +7
Ans Ans Ans Ans Ans
6 229 7 964 8 315 9 428 10 886
+88 +96 +99 +89 +85
Ans Ans Ans Ans Ans

5
 Method 2
Left to Right Mental Addition

This method is called Left to Right Mental Addition Method. So far traditionally in
Maths, we have been doing additions and other operations from Right to Left.

However, we can also do mental addition effectively from Left to Right.

Say for example we have

88
+ 34

Step 1, we first add the figures in the left column.

So 8 + 3 = 11(We keep this figure in our head)

88
+ 34
11,

Step 2, we now add the figures in the Right Hand Column

8 + 4 = 12(we keep this in our head too)

The sum now looks like this:

88
+ 34
11,12

Step 3, in the final step we add the middle digits

88
+ 34
11,12

122

So, the answer is 122

6
In our next example let’s try adding two 3 digit numbers

Add 482 + 859

482
+859

Step 1:
Start by adding the column left to right.
The first column is 4 +8 = 12
The Middle Column is 8 + 5 = 13

482
+859
12,13

Step 2:
We add the middle digit of the first 2 columns.
So we have 133 in our head.
Then we add the last column on the right
So we have 2 + 9 = 11

482
+859
133,11

Step 3:
So, in our mind we have 133,11
We then add the digits on either side of the comma.
In this case, we add 3 and 1 and we get 4.
So our final answer is 1341

482
+859
1341

Find the Sum

1 47 2 85 3 47 4 64 5 245
+88 +16 +29 +47 +257
Ans Ans Ans Ans Ans
6 239 7 864 8 818 9 2,428 10 5,886
+188 +596 +399 +1,899 +2,285
Ans Ans Ans Ans Ans

7
 Mental Subtractions
Sometimes it becomes difficult to subtract numbers like 6, 7, 8, 9 from numbers
ending in 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. This new method provides us with a different view and
simpler approach, just like we saw in addition.

Say, we have 42 -9

We subtract 10 first (as it is easy to take away 10) and then add back 1 (since 9
is 1 less than 10).

42 - 10 = 32

So, 32 + 1 = 33. This is the answer.

Let us take another example:

81 - 8

So, we subtract 10 first (as it is easy to add back 2 (since 8 is 2 less than 10).

81 - 10 = 71

So, 71 + 2 = 73 is the answer

Now let's try one with a slight variation!

43- 17

So, we subtract 20 first (as it is easy to take away 20) and then add back 3
(since 17 is 3 less than 20).

43 - 20 = 23

So, 23 + 3 = 26 is the answer.

Let's try another variation 272 - 28

Here, we will first subtract 30 and then add 2.

272 - 30 = 242

So, 242 + 2 = 244 is the answer.

Find the Difference

1 77 2 56 3 28 4 54 5 17
-9 -7 -9 -7 -9
Ans Ans Ans Ans Ans
6 122 7 464 8 315 9 826 10 886
-69 -96 -49 -87 -88
Ans Ans Ans Ans Ans

8
 Introduction to Exponents

The exponent of a number says how many times to use that number in a
multiplication.

It is written as a small number to the right and above the base number.
Exponential expression has two components i.e. Base and Exponent.
Other names for exponent are index or power

82 Exponent (Power/Index)

Base

Here's another example: the base is 4, and the exponent is 3

43

An exponent tells us to multiply the base by itself that number of times. In our
example, we will multiply the base of 4 by itself 3 times:

43 =4x4x4

Once we write out the multiplication problem, we can easily evaluate the
expression. Let's do this for the example we've been working with

43 =4x4x4

=16 x 4

=64

Another example: 92 = 9 × 9 = 81
(The exponent "2" says to use the 9 two times in a multiplication.)

Another example: 53 = 5 × 5 × 5 = 125

(The exponent "3" says to use the 5 three times in a multiplication.)

9
 Prime Factorization
Some numbers only have two divisors: factor factor product
1 and the number itself. Such numbers are
called prime numbers. 11 is one of them. 1 × 11 = 11

The prime numbers less than 30 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19, 23, and 29. One is
usually not counted as a prime number.

Prime factorization using a factor tree

A factor tree is a handy way to factor numbers to their

prime factors. The factor tree starts at the root and (root) 24
grows upside down! / \
We want to factor 24 so we write 24 on top. First, 24 is
factored into 4 × 6. However, 4 and 6 are not primes, 4 × 6
so we can continue factoring. Four is factored into 2 × 2 / \ / \
and six is factored into 2 × 3.
We will not factor 2 or 3 any further because they are (leaves) 2×2×2×3
prime numbers.

Once you get to the primes in your "tree", they are the "leaves", and you stop factoring
in that “branch”. So 24 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 3. This is the prime factorization of 24.

Examples:

30
/ \
5 is a prime number—it is a "leaf". Once done, "pick the leaves"—you can
5×6
even circle them to see them better! So, 30 = 2 × 3 × 5.
/ \
2×3

21
Both 3 and 7 are prime numbers, so we cannot factor them any further.
/ \
So 21 = 3 × 7.
3×7

66 66
/ \ / \
You can start the factoring process any way you
11 × 6 OR 2 × 33
/ \ / \ want. The end result is the same: 66 = 2 × 3 × 11.
2× 3 11 × 3

10
Prime numbers are like building blocks of all numbers. They are the first and
foremost, and other numbers are "built" from them. "Building numbers" is like
factoring backwards. We start with the building blocks—the primes—and see
what number we get:

2×5×2×2 2 × 3 × 2 × 3 ×2 5×2 ×7 2 × 7 × 2×3

\/ \/ \/ \/ | \ / | \/ \ /
10 × 4 6 × 6 × 2 10 × 7 14 × 6
\ / | \ / \ / \ /
40 6 × 12 70 84
\ /
72

By using the process above (building numbers starting from primes) you can
build ANY whole number there is! Can you believe that?
We can say this in another way: ALL numbers can be factored so the factors
are prime numbers. That is sort of amazing! This fact is known as
the fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Indeed, it is fundamental.

992
/ \
4 × 248
/ \ / \
2 × 2 × 4 × 62
/ \ / \
2 × 2 × 2 × 31

So, no matter what the number is—992 or 83,283 or 150,282—it can be

written as a product of primes.
See 992 factored on the right. 992 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 31. For 83,283 we
get 3 × 17 × 23 × 71, and 151,282 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 3 × 11 × 11 × 23.

To find these factorizations, you need to test-divide the numbers by various

primes so it is a bit tedious. Of course, computers can do the divisions very
quickly

11
 Profit and Loss

Cost Price: The amount paid to purchase an article or the price at which an
article is made, is known as its cost price. The cost price is abbreviated as C. P.

Selling Price: The price at which article is sold, is known as its selling price.
The selling price is abbreviated as S. P

Profit: If the selling price (S.P.) of an article is greater than the cost price (C.P),
then the difference between the selling price and cost price is called profit.
Thus, If S. P. > C.P., then
Profit = S. P. – C. P.
⇒ S. P. = C. P. + Profit
⇒ C. P. = S. P. – Profit.

Example:
An article was brought for Rs 75 and sold for Rs 95 Find the gain or loss.
Solution:

CP of the article = 75
SP of the article = 95
Since SP > CP, so there is a profit
Profit = SP – CP
Profit = 95- 75 = 20
So Profit is Rs 20

Loss: If the selling price (S.P.) of an article is less than the cost price (C.P.),
then the difference between the cost price (C.P.) and the selling price (S.P.) is
called loss.
Thus if S.P. < C.P., then
Loss – C.P. – S.P.
⇒ C. P. = S. P. + Loss
⇒ S. P. = C. P. – Loss
Example:
An article was brought for Rs 50 and sold for Rs 40 Find the gain or loss.
Solution:

CP of the article = 50
SP of the article = 40
Since SP < CP, so there is a Loss
Loss = CP – SP
Loss = 50 - 40 = 10
So Loss is Rs 10

12
 Multiplication (2 – Digit Number by a 1 – Digit Number)

To do Mental Multiplications of 2 digit numbers and higher, one needs to know

tables of 2-9 by heart

Any multiplication has two parts multiplicand and multiplier. The multiplicand
is the number to which we multiply and multiplies is the numbers by which we
multiply.

There are several mental math techniques to multiply a 2-digit number by

a 1-digit number. We suggest the best one here

The Split and Multiply Technique:

Step 1: Split the 2-digit number into its tens and units digits.
Step 2: Multiply the 1-digit number by both the tens and units digits
separately.
Step 3: Combine the results to get the final answer.

Let's take a couple of examples to illustrate:

Example 1: 68 x 5
Step 1: Split 68 into 60 (tens) and 8 (units).
Step 2: Multiply 5 by both the tens and units digits separately.
5 x 60 = 300
5 x 8 = 40
Step 3: Add the results: 300 + 40 = 340
So, 68 x 5 = 340.

Example 2: 89 x 4
Step 1: Split 89 into 80 (tens) and 9 (units).
Step 2: Multiply 4 by both the tens and units digits separately.
4 x 80 = 320
4 x 9 = 36
Step 3: Add the results: 320 + 36 = 356
So, 89 x 4 = 356.

13
1 77 2 56 3 28 4 54 5 17
x5 x7 x9 x4 x6
70 x 5 = 350
7 x 5 = 35
350 + 35
Ans 385 Ans Ans Ans Ans

14
 Multiplication (3 – Digit Number by a 1 – Digit Number)

There are several mental math techniques to multiply a 3-digit number by

a 1-digit number. We suggest the best one here
The Split and Multiply Technique:
Step 1: Split the 3-digit number into its Hundreds, tens and units digits.
Step 2: Multiply the 1-digit number by each of the digits(hundreds, tens,
and units digits) separately.
Step 3: Combine the results to get the final answer.
Let's take a couple of examples to illustrate:
Example 1: 680 x 5
Step 1: Split 680 into 600 (hundreds), 80 (tens) and 0 (units)
Step 2: Multiply 5 by each of the components (600,80 and 0)
5 x 600 = 3000
5 x 80 = 400
5x0=0
Step 3: Add the results: 3000 + 400 + 0 = 3400
So, 680 x 5 = 3400.
Example: 456 x 7
Step 1: Split 456 into 400 (hundreds), 50 (tens), and 6 (units).
Step 2: Multiply 7 by each of the components (400, 50, and 6).
Step 3:
7 x 400 = 2800,
7 x 50 = 350,
7 x 6 = 42,
Step 31: Add the results: 2800 + 350 + 42 = 3192.
So, 456 x 7 = 3192.

Find the Product

1 770 2 262 3 281 4 355 5 127
x5 x4 x9 X2 x6
700 x 5 = 3500
70 x 5 = 350
0x5=0
3500 + 350
Ans 3850 Ans Ans Ans Ans

15
 Multiplication of Two Digit Multiplicand by Two Digit Multiplier

Step 1: The right hand digit of multiplicand is multiplied by right hand digit of
multiplier.

Step 2: Apply inside-outside principle (plus carry).

Step 3: The left hand digit of multiplicand is multiplied by left hand digit of
multiplier (plus carry).

Example: Multiply 46 by 27. 46 x 27

Step 1: Right hand digit 6 of

multiplicand 46 is multiplied by
right hand digit 7 of multiplier 27

6x7 = 42; write 2. Carry over 4 46 x 27

2

Step 2: Apply inside-out principle

[(6x 2) + (4 x 7) =12+ 28 = 40 Plus
carry over. (4)

40 + 4 = 44; write 4 and carry over 4 46 x 27

42

Step 3: Left hand digit 4 of multiplicand 46 is multiplied by left hand

digit 2 of multiplier 27

4x2=8

Plus carry of the previous step. (4)

8 + 4 = 12; write 12 46 x 27
1242

The answer is 1242

16
 Exercise

1. Multiply 43 by 36.

2. Multiply 78 by 31.

3. Multiply 98 by 77.

17
 Division
Dealing with multiplication of fairly considerable length, we now move to division
in comparison to multiplication is considered tough, yet the truth is that division
is as simple as multiplication and faster

Naming the Parts of a Division

A division has four parts which are called divisor, dividend, quotient and
remainder. The following rhyme will help you to remember the parts of division

"The divisor is the number that divides the dividend, the answer is the quotient,
the remainders at the end."

Example : Divide 2862 by 4.

2862÷4 = 715+2

In the example the divisor is 4. because it divides the dividend 2862. The
quotient is 715 (which is the result of division) and the remainder is 2 (because
it is that which remains)

Consider this also

The divisor is the number that divides.

The dividend is the number that is being divided.

The quotient is the result of division

The remainder is that remains after division

and also the remainder is always less than the divisor.

Example: Divide 70319616 by 823. Here 70319616 is dividend and 823 is

divisor. On dividing

70319616 (dividend) by 823 (divisor) one gets 85443 as quotient and 27 as

remainder. This can be written as

70319616 ÷ 823 = 85443 remainder 27

18
 23 70319616 Dividend
Flag 8 27 Remainder

Divisor 085443 Quotient (Line)

Above we have written divisor 823 as 823 where 23 is called a flag. Note here
23 is not the power of 8. We will see later in this chapter the use of flag.

In respective of multiplication in division we make computations

dividend from left to right.

In division we make computation with dividend from left to right

e.g., in dividing 123 by 6.

Here 123 is dividend and 6 is divisor.

In dividend we consider I first, then 2 and afterward 3 (from left I to right digit
3).

19
 Division by Single Digit Divisor

Divide remainder and successive digit (from left or right) divisor

Example: Divide 8396 by 6.

6 8396
Divide remainder and successive digit (from
left to right) by divisor.

• Since there is no remainder, divide 8

by
divisor 6;
6 8396
8÷6=1 remainder 2. 2
1

• Divide 23 (remainder 2, successive 6 8396

digit 3) by divisor 6; 25
23 ÷ 6 = 3 remainder 5. 1 3

• Divide 59 (remainder 5, successive

6 839 6
digit 9) by divisor 6
255
• 1 3 9
59÷6 = 9 remainder 5.

• Divide 56 (remainder 5. Successive 6 839 6

digit 6) by divisor 6; 255 2
• 1 3 99
56 ÷ 6 = 9 remainder 2

The answer is 1399 remainder 2.

Exercise

Divide, leaving whole number remainders

1. Divide 454 by 3 Ans. 151 rem. 1

2. Divide 4112 by 3 Ans: 1370 rem. 2

3. Divide 6599 by 6 Ans. 1099 rem. 5

4. Divide 7455 by 6 Ans. 1242 rem. 3

20
 Division by Two Digit Divisor

Step 1: Divide first digit of dividend by first digit of divisor Check: (Remainder
and successive digit of dividend - (Flag x Quotient

= Negative numbers choose quotient that make this positive

Step 2: Divide it by first digit of divisor.

Check: (Remainder and successive digit of dividend) - (Flag x Quotient)

=Negative numbers choose quotient that make this positive

Step 3: (Remainder and last digit of dividend) - (Flag x Quotient) = Remainder

of division

Example: Divide 9137 by 43

3 9 1 3 7
4

3 9 1 3 7
Step 1: 9 ÷ 4 = 2 remainder 1. 4 1
2
Check: 11- (3 x 2) = 11-6

=5

Step 2: 3 9 1 3 7
4 1 1
• 11- (3 x 2) = 11 - 6 = 5: 2
•
5 ÷ 4 = 1 remainder 1.
Check: 13- (3 x 1) = 13-3= 10

• 13-(3x1) = 13-3 = 10; 3 9 1 3 7

10 ÷ 4 = 2 remainder 2. 1 1 2
4
Check: 27-(3 x 2) = 27 - 6 = 21 2 1 2

Step 3: 27- (3 x 2) = 27 - 6 = 21.

3 9 1 3 7
1 1 2 21
4 2 1 2
The answer is 212 remainder 21.

21
 3 3 8 98 2
7
Example: Divide 38982 by 73

Step 1: 3 ÷ 7 = 0 remainder 3. 3 38 98 2
7 3
Check: 38- (3 x 0) = 38-0 0
= 38

Step 2: 3 3 8 98 2
7 3
• 38- (3 x 0) = 38 - 6 = 38: 0
38 ÷ 7 = 5 remainder 3.
Check : 39 - (3 x 5) = 39-15= 24

• 39-(3x5) = 39-15 = 24; 3 38 9 8 2

24 ÷ 7 = 3 remainder 3. 7 3 3
Check: 38-(3 x 3) = 38 - 9 = 29 0 5

• 38 – (3 x 3) = 38 – 9 = 29; 3 38 9 8 2
29 ÷ 7 = 4 remainder 1. 7 3 33
Check: 12-(3 x 4) = 12 – 12 =0 0 5 3

Step 3: 12- (3 x 4) = 12 - 12 = 0.
3 3 8 9 8 2
7 3 3 3 1 0
0 5 3 4
The answer is 534 remainder 0.

22
 Exercise (Find Quotient and Remainder)

1. Divide 7543 by 43

2. Divide 5534 by 86

3. Divide 8188 by 94

4. Divide 4524 by 51

5. Divide 8786 by 86

23
 Simplifying Ratios

Many ratios can be written with smaller numbers. This is called writing ratios in
their simplest form, or simplifying ratios.

Simplifying ratios makes them easier to work with.

Note: To simplify ratios you can use the same technique that is used to simplify
fractions.
As the two examples below show, you simplify ratios by dividing the number on
each side by their greatest common factor.

Simplify 15 : 9

Ratio 15 : 9

Factors of 15 1 , 3 , 5 , 15

Factors of 9 1,3,9

Greatest Common Factor (G.C.F) 3

15 ÷ 3 = 5
Divide both by G.C.F
9÷3=3

Ratio in simplest form 5:3

Simplify 6 : 30

Ratio 6 : 30

Factors of 6 1,2,3,6

Factors of 30 1,2,3,5,6,10,15

Greatest Common Factor (G.C.F) 6

6÷6=1
Divide both by G.C.F
30 ÷ 6 = 5

Ratio in simplest form 1:5

24
 Average & Mean

The formula for calculating Average and mean are the same,

The most widely used method of calculating an average is the ‘mean’.

Mean is a point in a data set which is the average of all the data point we have
in a set. It is basically arithmetic average of the data set and can be calculated
by taking a sum of all the data points and then dividing it by the number of data
points we have in data set.

Mean= Sum of all Data Points

Number of Data Points

Example
1) Find Mean of 25,20,15,10

Step1
Add all the numbers up. i.e. 25+20+15+12=70

Step 2
Count the number of data points. Here there are 4 numbers given i.e.
25,20,15,12

Step 3
We divide the sum of the numbers with the number of data points. So,
72/4=18.
18 is the Mean of 25,20,15,12

Practice Example’s

1. Find the Mean of 15,12,3,10

2. Find the Mean of 8,12,5,7
3. Find the Average of 25,35,20,12
4. Find the Average of 18,22,17,13

25
 HCF & LCM
Factors and Multiples: All the numbers that divide a number completely, i.e.,
without leaving any remainder, are called factors of that number.

For example,

24 is completely divisible by 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24. Each of these numbers is

called a factor of 24 and 24 is called a multiple of each of these numbers.

How to find HCF orally:

HCF stands for Highest Common Factor, which is also known as GCD or Greatest
Common Divisor. It is the highest number that divides two or more numbers
exactly without leaving a remainder. HCF is an important concept in
mathematics, and it is used in various applications like simplification of fractions,
finding the smallest common denominator, etc.

There are three methods for finding HCF: Prime Factorization Method,
Subtraction Method, and Division Method. Each of these methods is useful in
different situations.

Prime Factorization Method:

This method involves finding the prime factors of the given numbers and then
identifying the common prime factors. The product of these common prime
factors gives us the HCF of the given numbers.

Example: Find the HCF of 24 and 36 using Prime Factorization Method.

Step 1: Find the prime factors of 24 and 36.

24 = 2 x 2 x 2 x 3

36 = 2 x 2 x 3 x 3

Step 2: Identify the common prime factors of 24 and 36.

2 x 2 x 3 = 12

Step 3: The product of common prime factors, 12, is the HCF of 24 and 36.

26
Subtraction Method:

This method involves repeatedly subtracting the smaller number from the larger
number until both the numbers become equal. The last number obtained before
the numbers become equal is the HCF of the given numbers.

Example: Find the HCF of 48 and 60 using Subtraction Method.

Step 1: Start by subtracting the smaller number from the larger number.

60 - 48 = 12

Step 2: Repeat the process by subtracting the smaller number (12) from the
larger number (48).

48 - 12 = 36

Step 3: Again, subtract the smaller number (12) from the larger number (36).

36 - 12 = 24

Step 4: Continue the process until both numbers become equal.

24 - 12 = 12

12 - 12 = 0

Step 5: The last non-zero number obtained, 12, is the HCF of 48 and 60.

Division Method:

This method involves dividing the larger number by the smaller number and
finding the remainder. Then divide the smaller number by the remainder and
find the new remainder. Continue the process until the remainder is zero. The
last non-zero remainder obtained is the HCF of the given numbers.

Example: Find the HCF of 72 and 90 using Division Method.

Step 1: Divide the larger number (90) by the smaller number (72) and find the
remainder.

90 ÷ 72 = 1 with remainder 18

Step 2: Divide the smaller number (72) by the remainder (18) and find the new
remainder.

72 ÷ 18 = 4 with remainder 0

Step 3: The last non-zero remainder obtained, 18, is the HCF of 72 and 90.

27
When to use each method:

Prime Factorization Method: This method is best used when the numbers are
small and have small prime factors. It is also useful when we need to find the
HCF of more than two numbers.

Subtraction Method: This method is best used when the difference between the
given numbers is small. It is also useful when we need to find the HCF of two
numbers.

Division Method: This method is best used when the numbers are large and have
no common prime factors. It is also useful when we need to find the HCF of two
numbers.

By using all three methods, we can verify our answers and get a better
understanding of the concepts involved.

Exercise:

1. Find the HCF of 30 and 45 using prime factorization method.

2. Find the HCF of 18 and 24 using the subtraction method.
3. Find the HCF of 36 and 48 using the division method.
4. Find the HCF of 72, 90 and 126 using the prime factorization method.
5. Find the HCF of 120 and 150 using the subtraction method.

How to find LCM orally

LCM stands for Least Common Multiple, which is the smallest number that is a
multiple of two or more given numbers. It is an important concept in
mathematics and is used in various fields such as arithmetic, algebra, and
number theory.

Methods of Identifying LCM:

There are two main methods to identify the LCM of given numbers: the prime
factorization method and the addition method.

28
Prime Factorization Method:

In the prime factorization method, we find the prime factors of each given
number and then multiply them together. To do this, we follow the steps below:

Step 1: Write the given numbers as a product of their prime factors. Step 2:
Identify the common prime factors. Step 3: Multiply the common prime factors
together. Step 4: Multiply any remaining prime factors together. Step 5: The
product obtained in step 3 and step 4 is the LCM of the given numbers.

Example: Find the LCM of 12 and 18 using the prime factorization method.

Step 1: Find the prime factorization of each number.

12 = 2 x 2 x 3

18 = 2 x 3 x 3

Step 2: Write down the factors that appear in either of the two
factorizations, using the highest exponent for each factor.

LCM = 2² x 3² = 12 x 9 = 36

Therefore, the LCM of 12 and 18 is 36.

Addition Method:

In the addition method, we find the LCM by adding the larger number repeatedly
until we get a number that is divisible by all the given numbers. To do this, we
follow the steps below:

Step 1: Write the given numbers horizontally. Step 2: Identify the largest
number. Step 3: Check if the largest number is divisible by the other numbers.
If it is, then it is the LCM. Step 4: If it is not divisible by the other numbers, add
the largest number to itself. Step 5: Repeat step 4 until you get a number that is
divisible by all the given numbers. Step 6: The final number obtained is the LCM
of the given numbers.

Example: Find the LCM of 15 and 25 using the addition method.

Step 1: Write the numbers horizontally: 15, 25

Step 2: The largest number is 25.

Step 3: 25 is not divisible by 15.

Step 4: Add 25 to itself to get 50.

Step 5: 50 is not divisible by 15.

29
Step 6: Add 25 to 50 to get 75.

Step 7: 75 is divisible by both 15 and 25.

Therefore, the LCM of 15 and 25 is 75.

When to use each method:

The prime factorization method is best suited for finding the LCM of larger
numbers as it is less time-consuming than the addition method. It is also useful
when finding the LCM of more than two numbers.

On the other hand, the addition method is useful for finding the LCM of smaller
numbers as it involves simple addition. It is also useful when only two numbers
are given.

In general, it is a good practice to use both methods to check your answer and
ensure its accuracy.

Practice

1. Find the LCM of 18 and 24 using the addition method.

2. Find the LCM of 15 and 25 using the addition method.
3. Find the LCM of 12 and 20 Using the Prime Factorisation Method
4. Find the LCM of 24 and 36 Using the Prime Factorisation Method
5. Find the LCM of 36 and 48 using prime factorization method.

30
 Squaring Numbers

Squaring can be defined as ‘multiplying a number by itself.’

There are many different ways of squaring numbers. Many of these
techniques have their roots inmultiplication as squaring is simply a process
of multiplication.
Examples: 32 is 3 multiplied by 3 which equals 9

The technique that we will study are: -

(A) SQUARING OF NUMBERS USING CRISSCROSS SYSTEM

The Urdhva-Tiryak Sutra (the Criss-Cross system) is by far the most popular
system of squaring numbers amongst practitioners of Vedic Mathematics.
The reason for its popularity is that it can be used for any type of numbers.

Ex: Find the square of

(a)First, we multiply 3
by 3 and get the answer
as 9.(Answer at this
stage is 9)

(b) Next, we cross multiply (2

× 3) and add it with (2 × 3).The
final answer is 12. We write
down 2 and carry over 1.
(Answer at this stage is 29)

(c)Thirdly, we multiply (2 × 2) and add the 1 to it. The answer is 5.

The final answer is 529

31
 Cubing Numbers

We know that squaring is multiplying a number by itself. Cubing can be

defined as multiplying a number by itself and again by itself. Thus 3 × 3 × 3
is 27 and thus 27 is the cube of 3. When we cube a number we are said to
have raised it to the power of 3. The cube of a number is expressed by
putting a small three on the top right part of the number. For example,

Cubing is important while dealing with some algebraic equations and also
while dealing with three-dimensional figures in geometry.

32
 Cube Roots of Perfect Cubes

The cube root is often used to solve cubic equations. In particular, it can be
used to solve for the dimensions of a three-dimensional object of a certain
volume

Unlike the schools methods of calculating Cube Roots, the technique used in
Vedic Mathematics is very simple and fast!

By following the right steps, students can mentally calculate cube root of even
big number such as 35937, 85184 and 493039 in no time at all.

Before we move ahead lets first see what is a square and cube of number

Lets take the example of the number 5

When we “square” the Number 5:

We Multiply the Number 5 by itself:

52 = 5 x 5 = 25

When we “cube” the number 5:

We Multiply the 5 by itself 2 times:

53 = 5 x 5 x 5 = 125

Similarly, when we square the number 4, we do the following:

42 = 4 x 4 = 16

And, when we cube the number 4, we

43 = 4 x 4 x 4 = 64

Let’s now go ahead and see what is Cube-root of a number:

Cube-root is essentially the reverse of calculating the Cube of a Number

So, if 27 is the cube of 3, then 3 is the cube root of 27

Hence, finding Cube-root of a numbers is a technique to identify the number

which has been multiplied by itself twice to obtain the cube.

Thus, if 8 is the cube of 2, then 2 is the cube-root of 8.

If 27 is the cube of 3 then 3 is the cube root of 27 and so on.

33
What’s unique about vedic mathematics is that by following its techniques and
steps we will be able to easily find the cube-roots of higher numbers such as
636056, 493039 and so on.

However, do note that this technique can only be used to find the cube root of
Perfect cubes

Before we start calculating the Perfect cube-root of a Cube, we need to

learn 3 Rules

1. Rule 1: Memorize the cubes of numbers 1-15

Key
Number/Cuberoot Cube
1 1
2 8
3 27
4 64
5 125
6 216
7 343
8 512
9 729
10 1000
11 1331
12 1728
13 2197
14 2744
15 3375

34
2. Rule 2: Identify and Memorise the relationship between digits of
Cube-root and Cubes, for example

a. if the cube of a number ends with 1, then its cuberoot also ends
with 1
So if the cube of a number is 1331, its cube root which is 11 also
end with 1

b. If the cube of a number ends with 8, then its cube root will end with
2
So if the cube of a number is 1728, its cube root which is 12 will
end with 2

The above relationship is constant for all Perfect cubes of Cube-roots

The below table is in live with the above principle

The last Digit of the Cube The last digit of the Cube-root
1 1
2 8
3 7
4 4
5 5
6 6
7 3
8 2
9 9
0 0

c. As shown above cube roots ending with 1,4,5,6,9,0 correspond to

their cubes, except for Cube-roots ending with 8 whose cube is
2(and vice versa) and Cube-roots ending with 3 whose cube is 7
(and vice versa)

35
3. Rule 3: Whenever you are solving a cube to find out its cube-root,
you must put a slash before the last 3 digits

a. For example
i. To find the Cube-root of 12167, represent the same as
follows:
LHS RHS Right hand Side
Left hand Side
12 | 167
ii. To find the Cube-root of 830584, represent the same
as follows:
LHS RHS
830| 584
iii. Although it’s not a rule, generally we prefer to solve RHS first

36
Now that we have learnt the 3 Rules, let’s start solving

Example 1: 175616

1. Step 1: We will be solving the cube-root in 2 parts

LHS RHS
175 616
Answer

2. Step 2: As per the Relationship Rule of Cube and Cuberoot:

a. Find RHS: We see that the cube 175616 end with 6, so the cube
root of this number will also be 6, so RHS of our answer is 6

LHS RHS
175 616
Answer 6

3. Step 3: Using the Rule no 1 of Memorization of numbers from 1-10

LHS RHS
175 616
Answer 6

Key a. Find LHS: To find Answer on LHS, we take

Number/Cuberoot Cub the number on LHS which is 175
1
2
b. Now, we need to find two perfect
3
4 cubes between which the number 175 lies
5 in the number line.
6
From the key, we find that 175 lies between the perfect
cubes
125(the cube of 5) and
216(the cube of 6).
c. Now, between the 2 cubes we take the
cuberoot of the lower cube, which is 5

LHS RHS
175 616
Answer 5 6

So, the Cube-root of 175616 is 56

37
Example 2: 830584

1. Step 1: We will be solving the cube-root in 2 parts

LHS RHS
830 584
Answer

2. Step 2: As per the Relationship Rule of Cube and Cuberoot:

a. Find RHS: We see that the cube 830584 end with 4, so the cube
root of this number will also be 4, so RHS of our answer is 4

LHS RHS
830 584
Answer 4

3. Step 3: Using the Rule no 1 of Memorization of numbers from 1-10

LHS RHS
830 584
Answer 4

Key a. Find LHS: To find Answer on LHS, we take

Number/Cuberoot Cub the number on LHS which is 830
1
2
b. Now, we need to find two perfect
3
4 cubes between which the number 830 lies
5 in the number line.
6
From the key, we find that 830 lies between the perfect
cubes
729(the cube of 9) and
1000(the cube of 10).
c. Now, between the 2 cubes we take the
cuberoot of the lower cube, which is 9

LHS RHS
830 584
Answer 9 4

So, the Cube-root of 830584 is 94

38
 Example 3: 1601613

1. Step 1: We will be solving the cube-root in 2 parts

LHS RHS
1601 613
Answer

2. Step 2: As per the Relationship Rule of Cube and Cuberoot:

a. Find RHS: We see that the cube 1601613 ends with 3, so the cube
root of this number will end with 7, so RHS of our answer is 7

LHS RHS
1601 613
Answer 7

3. Step 3: Using the Rule no 1 of Memorization of numbers from 1-15

Key LHS RHS

Number/Cuberoot Cube 1601 613
1 1 Answer 7
2 8
3 27 a. Find LHS: To find Answer on LHS, we take the
4 64 number on LHS which is 1601
5 125 b. Now, we need to find two perfect cubes
6 216
7 343 between which the number 1601 lies in the
8 512 number line.
9 729 From the key, we find that 1601 lies between the perfect cubes
10 1000 1331(the cube of 11) and
11 1331 1728(the cube of 12).
12 1728
c. Now, between the 2 cubes we take the cube-
13 2197
14 2744 root of the lower cube, which is 11
15 3375

LHS RHS
1601 613
Answer 11 7

So, the Cube-root of 1601613 is 117

39
 Practice Sheet (Part A)

Find the Cube-root of the Following:

Exercise 1: 13824

1. Step 1: We will be solving the cube-root in 2 parts

LHS RHS

Answer _

2. Step 2: As per the Relationship Rule of Cube and Cuberoot:

a. Find RHS: We see that the cube 13824 ends with , so the cube
root of this number will end with _, so RHS of our answer is

LHS RHS

Answer _

3. Step 3: Using the Rule no 1 of Memorization of numbers from 1-15

Key LHS RHS

Number/Cuberoot Cube
1 1 Answer _
2 8
3 27 a. Find LHS: To find Answer on LHS, we take the
4 64 number on LHS which is
5 125 b. Now, we need to find two perfect cubes
6 216
7 343 between which the number lies in the number
8 512 line.
9 729 From the key, we find that lies between the perfect cubes
10 1000 (the cube of _) and
11 1331 (the cube of _).
12 1728
c. Now, between the 2 cubes we take the cube-
13 2197
14 2744 root of the lower cube, which is _
15 3375
LHS RHS

Answer _ _

So, the Cube-root of 13824 is

40
 Exercise 2: 97336

1. Step 1: We will be solving the cube-root in 2 parts

LHS RHS

Answer _

2. Step 2: As per the Relationship Rule of Cube and Cuberoot:

a. Find RHS: We see that the cube 97336 ends with , so the cube
root of this number will end with _, so RHS of our answer is

LHS RHS

Answer _

3. Step 3: Using the Rule no 1 of Memorization of numbers from 1-15

Key LHS RHS

Number/Cuberoot Cube
1 1 Answer _
2 8
3 27 a. Find LHS: To find Answer on LHS, we take the
4 64 number on LHS which is
5 125 b. Now, we need to find two perfect cubes
6 216
7 343 between which the number lies in the number
8 512 line.
9 729 From the key, we find that lies between the perfect cubes
10 1000 (the cube of _) and
11 1331 (the cube of _).
12 1728
c. Now, between the 2 cubes we take the cube-
13 2197
14 2744 root of the lower cube, which is _
15 3375

LHS RHS

Answer _ _

So, the Cube-root of 97336 is

41
 Exercise 3: 2299968

1. Step 1: We will be solving the cube-root in 2 parts

LHS RHS

Answer _

2. Step 2: As per the Relationship Rule of Cube and Cuberoot:

a. Find RHS: We see that the cube 2299968 ends with , so the cube
root of this number will end with _, so RHS of our answer is

LHS RHS

Answer _

3. Step 3: Using the Rule no 1 of Memorization of numbers from 1-15

Key LHS RHS

Number/Cuberoot Cube
1 1 Answer _
2 8
3 27 a. Find LHS: To find Answer on LHS, we take the
4 64 number on LHS which is
5 125 b. Now, we need to find two perfect cubes
6 216
7 343 between which the number lies in the
8 512 number line.
9 729 From the key, we find that lies between the perfect cubes
10 1000 (the cube of ) and
11 1331 (the cube of ).
12 1728
c. Now, between the 2 cubes we take the cube-
13 2197
14 2744 root of the lower cube, which is _
15 3375

LHS RHS

Answer _ _

So, the Cube-root of 2299968 is

42
 Practice Sheet (Part B)

Find the Cube Root Mentally

1. 12167 =

2. 29791 =

3. 74088 =

4. 262144 =

5. 438976 =

6. 970299 =

7. 117649 =

8. 704969 =

9. 175616 =

10. 1520875 =

43
 Perfect Square Roots

Square root of a number is a value, which on multiplication by itself gives the

original number. The square root of a number is the inverse of squaring a
number. Hence, squares and square roots are related concepts.

Unlike the school’s methods of calculating Square Roots, the technique used in
Vedic Mathematics is very simple and fast!

By following the right steps, students can mentally calculate square root of even
big numbers such as 4761, 4624 in no time at all!

Before we move ahead lets first see what is a square of number.

Let’s take the example of the number 5.

When we “square” the Number 5:

We Multiply the Number 5 by itself:

52 = 5 x 5 = 25

Similarly, when we square the number 4, we do the following:

42 = 4 x 4 = 16

Let’s now go ahead and see what is Square-root of a number:

Square-root is essentially the reverse of calculating the Square of a Number

So, if 9 is the Square of 3, then 3 is the square root of 9.

Hence, finding Square-root of a number is a technique to identify the number

which has been multiplied by itself to obtain the Square.

Thus, if 16 is the square of 4, then 4 is the square-root of 16.

If 25 is the square of 5 then 5 is the square root of 25 and so on.

But what’s unique about Vedic mathematics is that by following its techniques
and steps we will be able to easily find the square-roots of higher numbers such
as 3136 and 9801 and so on.

However, do note that this technique can only be used to find the square root of
Perfect squares

44
Before we start to calculate Perfect Square-root of a Square, we need to learn 3
Rules

1. Rule 1: Memorize the Squares of numbers 1-10

Number Squares
1 1
2 4
3 9
4 16
5 25
6 36
7 49
8 64
9 81
10 100

45
2. Rule 2: Identify and Memorise the relationship between last digits
of Square-root and Squares, for example

Referring the Table Key, we will need to observe and memorise the
relationship between the last digit of the Squares and the last digit
of their square root.

a. if the square of a number ends with 1, then its Square-Root will end
with either 1 or 9 (because 1 x 1 = 1 and 9 x 9 is 81)

• So, if the square of a number is 2601, we can immediately

assume that its square root will either end with 1 or 9.
In the case of 2601 the square root is 51.
• Likewise, if the given square is 4761, its square root will
either end with 1 or 9.
In this case for 4761, its square root is 69

b. Similar to the 1 and 9 relationship, if a number ends in 4 the square

root ends in 2 or 8(because 2 × 2 is 4 and8× 8 is 64 )
c. If a number ends in 9, the square root ends in 3 or 7(because 3 × 3
is 9 and 7 × 7 is 49 )
d. If a number ends in 6, the square root ends in 4 or 6(because 4 × 4
is 16 and 6× 6 is 36)
e. If the number ends in 5, the square root ends in 5(because 5 × 5 is
25 )
f. If the number ends in 0, the square root also ends in 0(because 10
× 10 is 100)

The above relationship is constant for all Perfect Squares of Square -roots

The below table is in line with the above principle

The last Digit of the Square The last digit of the Square-root
1 1 or 9
4 2 or 8
9 3 or 7
6 4 or 6
5 5
0 0

46
 Now, I want you to look at the column on the left. It reads
‘Last digit of the square’ and the numbers contained in the column are
1,4, 9, 6, 5and 0. Note that the numbers 2, 3, 7and 8 are absent in the
column. That means there is no perfect square which ends with the
numbers 2, 3, 7 or 8. Thus we can say:

‘A perfect square will never end with the digits 2,3,

7 or 8’

Now we know how to find the last digit of a Square-Root based on the last
digit of the Square, although most of the times there are 2 possibilities
out of which only 1 is correct.

Secondly, we still need to find out the digits of the square root. So now
let’s proceed with examples so that we learn how to arrive at the Final
Last Digit and the other digits of the square root.

3. Rule 3: Before we proceed there is one final table that needs to be

memorised, as this will help easily determine the Square roots.

Number Squares
10 100
20 400
30 900
40 1600
50 2500
60 3600
70 4900
80 6400
90 8100
100 10000

Now that we have learnt the 3 Rules, let’s start solving

47
Example 1: 4624
1. Based on the Rule Number 2 relationship between last digits of Squares and
Square roots:
a. The number 4624 ends with 4. Hence, the square root ends with 2
or 8. The answer at this stage is 2 or 8.

Number Squares 2. Next we take in the complete number 4624, and using
10 100 Table in Rule no 3, we can see that 4624 lies between
20 400 3600(which is the square of 60) and 4900(which is the square
30 900 of 70).
40 1600 a. Hence the Square root also lies between 60 and 70
50 2500 b. Of all numbers between 60 and 70
60 3600 (61,62,63,64,65,66,67,68,69), the only numbers ending with
70 4900 2 and 8 are 62 and 68. However only one of them is correct,
80 6400 lets find the right one.
90 8100 c. Observe the squares 3600 and 4900
100 10000 60 – 3600

4624

70 – 4900

d. Is 4624 closer to the smaller number 3600 or closer to the bigger

number 4900?
i. If the number 4624 is close to 3600, then take smaller 62 as
the square root
ii. If the number 4624 is close to 4900, then take smaller 68 as
the square root
iii. However, in this case we can see 4624 is closer to 4900, the
right answer is 68

48
Example 2: 5776

1. Based on the Rule Number 2 relationship between last digits of Squares and
Square roots:
a. The number 5776 ends with 6. Hence, the square root ends with 4
or 6. The answer at this stage ends with 4 or 6.

Number Squares
10 100
20 400
30 900
40 1600
50 2500
60 3600
70 4900
80 6400
90 8100
100 10000
2. Next we take in the complete number 5776, and using Table in Rule no 3,
we can see that 5776 lies between 4900(which is the square of 70) and
6400(which is the square of 80).
a. Hence the Square root also lies between 70 and 80
b. Of all the numbers between 70 and 80
(71,72,73,74,75,76,77,78,79), the only numbers ending with 4 and
6 are 74 and 76. However only one of them is correct, lets find the
right one.
c. Observe the squares 4900 and 6400
70 – 4900

5776

80 – 6400

d. Is 5776 closer to the smaller number 4900 or closer to the bigger

number 6400?
i. If the number 5776 is close to 4900, then take smaller 74 as
the square root
ii. If the number 5776 is close to 6400, then take smaller 76 as
the square root
iii. However, in this case we can see 5776 is closer to 6400, the
right answer is 76

49
 Example 3: 8649

1. Based on the Rule Number 2 relationship between last digits of Squares and
Square roots:
a. The number 8649 ends with 9. Hence, the square root ends with 3
or 7. The answer at this stage ends with 3 or 9.

Number Squares
10 100
20 400
30 900
40 1600
50 2500
60 3600
70 4900
80 6400
90 8100
100 10000
2. Next we take in the complete number 8649, and using Table in Rule no 3, we
can see that 8649 lies between 8100(which is the square of 90) and
10000(which is the square of 100).
a. Hence the Square root also lies between 90 and 100
b. Of all the numbers between 90 and 100
(91,92,93,94,95,96,97,98,99), the only numbers ending with 3 and
7 are 93 and 97. However only one of them is correct, lets find the
right one.
c. Observe the squares 8100 and 10000
90 – 8100

8649

100 – 10000

d. Is 8649 closer to the smaller number 8100 or closer to the bigger

number 10000?
i. If the number 8649 is close to 8100, then take smaller 93 as
the square root
ii. If the number 8649 is close to 10000, then take smaller 97 as
the square root
iii. However, in this case we can see 8649 is closer to 8100, the
right answer is 93

50
 Practice Sheet (Part A)

Find the Square-root of the Following:

Example 1: 729

1. Based on the Rule Number 2 relationship between last digits of Squares and
Square roots:
a. The number 729 ends with . Hence, the square root ends with
or . The answer at this stage ends with or .

Number Squares
10 100
20 400
30 900
40 1600
50 2500
60 3600
70 4900
80 6400
90 8100
100 10000
2. Next we take in the complete number 729, and using Table in Rule no 3, we
can see that 729 lies between (which is the square of ) and
(which is the square of ).
a. Hence the Square root also lies between and
b. Of all the numbers between and
( , , , , , , , , ), the only numbers ending with and
are and . However only one of them is correct, lets find the
right one.
c. Observe the squares and
–

729

d. Is closer to the smaller number or closer to the bigger

number ?
i. If the number is close to , then take smaller as
the square root
ii. If the number is close to , then take smaller as
the square root
iii. However, in this case we can see 729 is closer to , the
right answer is

51
 Find the Square-root of the Following:

Example 2: 1849

1. Based on the Rule Number 2 relationship between last digits of Squares and
Square roots:
a. The number 1849 ends with . Hence, the square root ends with
or . The answer at this stage ends with or .

Number Squares
10 100
20 400
30 900
40 1600
50 2500
60 3600
70 4900
80 6400
90 8100
100 10000
2. Next we take in the complete number 1849, and using Table in Rule no 3, we
can see that 1849 lies between (which is the square of ) and
(which is the square of ).
a. Hence the Square root also lies between and
b. Of all the numbers between and
( , , , , , , , , ), the only numbers ending with and
are and . However only one of them is correct, lets find the
right one.
c. Observe the squares and
–

1849

d. Is closer to the smaller number or closer to the bigger

number ?
i. If the number is close to , then take smaller as
the square root
ii. If the number is close to , then take smaller as
the square root
iii. However, in this case we can see 1849 is closer to , the
right answer is

52
 Find the Square-root of the Following:

Example 2: 6084

1. Based on the Rule Number 2 relationship between last digits of Squares and
Square roots:
a. The number 6084 ends with . Hence, the square root ends with
or . The answer at this stage ends with or .

Number Squares
10 100
20 400
30 900
40 1600
50 2500
60 3600
70 4900
80 6400
90 8100
100 10000
2. Next we take in the complete number 6084, and using Table in Rule no 3, we
can see that 6084 lies between (which is the square of ) and
(which is the square of ).
a. Hence the Square root also lies between and
b. Of all the numbers between and
( , , , , , , , , ), the only numbers ending with and
are and . However only one of them is correct, lets find the
right one.
c. Observe the squares and
–

6084

d. Is closer to the smaller number or closer to the bigger

number ?
i. If the number is close to , then take smaller as
the square root
ii. If the number is close to , then take smaller as
the square root
iii. However, in this case we can see 6084 is closer to , the
right answer is

53
 Practice Sheet (Part B)

Find the Square Root Mentally

1. 6375 =

2. 6400 =

3. 7396 =

4. 8281 =

5. 6724 =

6. 2809 =

7. 1936 =

8. 3721 =

9. 784 =

10. 3136 =

54
 References

Maharaja Jagadguru Swami Sri Bharati Krishna Tirthaji.

• Vedic Mathematics: Sixteen Simple Mathematical Formulae from the

vedas. Motilal Bansridas Publishers, 1965.

Bill Hanley

• Speed Mathematics

Ann Cutler and Rudolph Mc Shane

• The Trachtenberg Speed System of Basic Arithmetic

James Glover

• Vedic mathematics for schools (Part 1,2 and 3)

Arthur Benjamin and Michael Shermer

• Secrets of Mental Math

Robert Fountain and Jan van Koningsveld

• The Mental Calculators Handbook

Mr.Gaurav Tekriwal

• Maths Sutras- The Art of Vedic Speed Calculation. Penguin Random House
India,2015
• Maths Sutras- From around the World.

Mr Dhaval Bhatia

• Vedic Mathematics Made Easy

55