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Physics Depth Paper 2023

This document is an examination paper for the AS Level Physics A, covering various physics topics and problems. It includes instructions, information about the total marks, and specific questions related to physics concepts such as motion, forces, energy, and wave properties. The paper consists of multiple sections with calculations, explanations, and experimental designs to assess students' understanding of physics principles.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
27 views24 pages

Physics Depth Paper 2023

This document is an examination paper for the AS Level Physics A, covering various physics topics and problems. It includes instructions, information about the total marks, and specific questions related to physics concepts such as motion, forces, energy, and wave properties. The paper consists of multiple sections with calculations, explanations, and experimental designs to assess students' understanding of physics principles.

Uploaded by

dyathra21
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 24

Oxford Cambridge and RSA

Wednesday 24 May 2023 – Afternoon


AS Level Physics A
H156/02 Depth in physics
Time allowed: 1 hours 30 minutes

You must have:


* 9 8 8 5 8 3 5 9 9 1 *

• the Data, Formulae and Relationships Booklet


You can use:
• a scientific or graphical calculator
• a ruler (cm/mm)

* H 1 5 6 0 2 *

Please write clearly in black ink. Do not write in the barcodes.

Centre number Candidate number

First name(s)

Last name

INSTRUCTIONS
• Use black ink. You can use an HB pencil, but only for graphs and diagrams.
• Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If you need extra space use
the lined pages at the end of this booklet. The question numbers must be clearly shown.
• Answer all the questions.
• Where appropriate, your answer should be supported with working. Marks might be
given for using a correct method, even if your answer is wrong.

INFORMATION
• The total mark for this paper is 70.
• The marks for each question are shown in brackets [ ].
• Quality of extended response will be assessed in questions marked with an asterisk (*).
• This document has 24 pages.

ADVICE
• Read each question carefully before you start your answer.

© OCR 2023 [601/4742/8] OCR is an exempt Charity


DC (DE/SG) 328408/4 Turn over
2
1 The brakes of a car of mass 1200 kg are being tested on a track. The driver sees a hazard and
applies the brakes.

The graph shows the variation of the velocity v of the car with time t from when the driver sees
the hazard to when the car stops.

20

v / m s–1

15

10

0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5
t/s

(a) (i) Calculate the acceleration a of the car while the brakes are applied.

Acceleration = 0-18
= -6.7ms^-2 (2sf)
2.7

a = .................................................
-6.7 m s–2 [1]

(ii) Calculate the average braking force F while the brakes are applied.

Force = mass x acceleration


= 1200 x 6.7
= 8000N

8000
F = ...................................................... N [1]

© OCR 2023
3
(iii) Calculate the total stopping distance d of the car.

Thinking = 18 x 0.7 = 12.6


braking = 1/2 x 18 x 2.7 = 24.3
Stopping distance = 12.6 + 24.3 = 36.9 = 37m

37
d = ...................................................... m [2]

(iv) Calculate the work W done by the brakes to stop the car.

W = Fx

W = 24.3 x 8000
= 194400 = 190000

190000
W = ....................................................... J [2]

(b) The same driver in the same car repeats the test at half the initial velocity. The braking force
is constant.

On the graph, draw the variation of velocity of the car from the time the driver sees the
hazard to the time the car stops. [2]

(c) Explain how your graph in (b) would change if:

(i) the driver was tired

...................................................................................................................................................
The horizontal like will be longer.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) the surface of the track was more resistive.


The gradient of the line will be steeper.
...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

© OCR 2023 Turn over


4
2* A student is investigating the motion of small metal balls falling from rest vertically through a
liquid.

The student drops a ball of diameter d from rest at the surface of the liquid. The student
determines the terminal velocity v of the ball in the liquid.

It is suggested that the relationship between the terminal velocity v and the diameter d is
(ρ – σ)gd 2
v=
18K
where
ρ is the density of the metal
σ is the density of the liquid
g is the acceleration of free fall = 9.81 ms–2 and
K is a constant.

Describe, with the aid of a suitable diagram:


• how an experiment can be safely conducted to test this relationship between v and d, and
• how the data can be analysed to determine K.
[6]
metal ball at inital velocity
Diagram

metal ball at terminal velocity


Repeat the measurements of d for about 3-5 times to get
accurate results.

© OCR 2023
5

* take a beaker and add the liquid ( water) in it.


..........................................................................................................................................................
* Take the metal ball and start dropping it vertically and simultaneously using the stop watch measure
..........................................................................................................................................................
the total time taken for the metal ball to fall from initial point to the surface of the water.
..........................................................................................................................................................
* To measure the diameter of a metal ball use a vernier calliper.
..........................................................................................................................................................
* Repeat the measurements of d for about 3-5 times to get accurate results.
..........................................................................................................................................................
* To determine the density of the ball and the liquid: - workout the mass and the volume and then
..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
using the equation D = m/v workout the density. to determine the volume of the metal ball use the formula

..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
* To determine the terminal velocity of the ball use the equation v =displacement/time.
..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
* Plot a graph of terminal velocity against diameter^2

..........................................................................................................................................................
* If most of the points are co-linear to get a straight line which passes from the origin then the graph

should be correct.
..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
Then to determine the K use: - K =

..........................................................................................................................................................

Additional answer space if required

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© OCR 2023 Turn over


6
3 A student throws a ball of mass 0.210 kg. The hand of the student is a vertical distance of 2.40 m
above the ground. The ball leaves the student’s hand with a velocity of 22.3 m s–1 at an angle of
84.0° to the vertical as shown in the diagram.

ball

84.0°
2.40 m

ground

(not to scale)

Assume that air resistance is negligible.

(a) Show that the vertical component uv of the velocity of the ball as it leaves the student’s hand
is about 2.33 m s–1.

22.3 x cos84 = 2.33ms^-1


hence shown.
[1]

(b) Show that the vertical component vv of the velocity of the ball as it hits the ground is about
7.25 m s–1.

s = 2.40
u = 2.33 v = 7.25 ms^-1
v-?
a = 9.81

v^2 = u^2 + 2as hence shown


v=
2.33^2 + (2x9.81x2.4)
[2]

(c) Calculate the kinetic energy Ek of the ball as it hits the ground.

GPE = mgh
= 0.210 x 9.81 x 2.40 = 4.9
initial KE = 1/2 x 0.21 x 22.3^2 = 52.2J

52.2 + 4.9 = 57.2J

57.2
Ek = ....................................................... J [3]
© OCR 2023
7
(d) Explain why the momentum of the ball changes as the ball travels from the hand to the
ground.

...................................................................................................................................................
The momentum is a vector quantity, so as the direction changes the momentum also
changes.
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

© OCR 2023 Turn over


8
4 (a) Two identical springs each have a force constant of 36 N m–1. In an experiment, the two
springs are suspended from a fixed support as shown in Fig. 4.1.

Fig. 4.1

L0
spring

The initial length of the spring arrangement is L0.

An object of mass M is added to the spring arrangement as shown in Fig. 4.2.

Fig. 4.2

object

The new length of the spring arrangement is L.

A student measures L0 and L and records the results in a table.

Quantity Measurement / mm
L0 (22.2 ± 0.1)
L (54.9 ± 0.1)

(i) State the name of the instrument the student used to measure L0 and L.

......................................................................................................................................
Calliper [1]

(ii) Determine the extension x of the spring arrangement. Include the absolute uncertainty
in your answer.
extention = 54.9 - 22.2 = 32.7

x = ............................
32.7 ± ............................
0.1 mm [1]

© OCR 2023
9
(iii) Calculate the mass M of the object. Write your answer to 2 significant figures.

F = kx
F = 18 x 0.0327 = 0.5886N

F = ma
0.5886 = m x 9.81
mass = 0.060kg

M = .....................................................
0.060 kg [2]

(iv) Calculate the total energy W stored by the springs when the object is suspended.

W = 1/2 x 18 x 0.0327^2
W = 9.6 x 10

W = ....................................................... J [2]

© OCR 2023 Turn over


10
(b) A metal wire has a length of 4.4 m. The Young modulus of the metal is 120 GPa.

In an experiment force is applied to the wire and the extension is measured.


The graph shows the variation of the extension of the wire with the force applied.

4.0

force / N

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0
extension / mm

(i) The gradient of the linear section of the graph is 1.6 N mm–1.

Determine the cross-sectional area A of the wire.

E = kL/A
120 x 10^9 = 1.6 x 10^3 x 4.4/A
A = 5.9 x 10^-8

A = ..................................................... m2 [3]

© OCR 2023
11
(ii) Use the graph to determine an estimate of the work done Ew in stretching the wire when
a 3.5 N force is applied.

Energy = Area under the graph

1/2 x 3.2 x 10^-2 x 2 x 10^-3 + 521 x 10^-3


= 4 x 10^-3

Ew = ....................................................... J [3]

© OCR 2023 Turn over


12
5 Two spherical dippers, D1 and D2 oscillate on a ripple tank as shown in Fig. 5.1.

Fig. 5.1

D1
D2

Waves on the surface of the water are produced from each dipper. These waves are in phase
with each other.

The water waves have a speed of 8.0 cm s–1 and a wavelength of 3.2 cm.

(a) (i) State and explain whether these waves are transverse or longitudinal waves.
These waves are transverse waves, because the oscillation are perpendicular to the
...........................................................................................................................................
direction of the energy transfer.
...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) State and explain whether these waves are plane polarised.

...........................................................................................................................................
These waves are plane polarised the waves oscillate along one direction only.

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Calculate the frequency f of the dippers.

Wave speed = wavelength x frequency

0.08 = 0.0032 x f
Frequency = 2.5Hz

2.5
f = ..................................................... Hz [1]

© OCR 2023
13
(c) Fig. 5.2 shows the positions D1 and D2 of the two dippers in the ripple tank.

Fig. 5.2

D1 P

D2

P and Q are two points on the water.

(i) The distance between P and D1 is 12.2 cm.


The distance between P and D2 is 20.2 cm.

Explain whether constructive or destructive interference occurs at P.

Path difference = 20.2 - 12.2 = 8.0cm


...........................................................................................................................................
phase difference = 8/3.2 = 2.5 lambda
...........................................................................................................................................
Therefore it is destructive interference
...................................................................................................................................... [3]

(ii) The distance between Q and D1 is 12.5 cm.


The distance between Q and D2 is 19.7 cm.

Calculate the phase difference φ, in rad, between the waves arriving at point Q from D1
and the waves arriving at Q from D2.

Path difference = 19.7 - 12.5 = 7.2m

Phase difference = 7.2/3.2 = 2.25lambda

φ = .................................................... rad [3]

© OCR 2023 Turn over


14
6 A switch, resistor of resistance R and a component Z are connected to a battery of electromotive
force (e.m.f.) E and internal resistance r. An ammeter and voltmeter are also connected to the
circuit as shown in Fig. 6.1.

Fig. 6.1

A
Z

Fig. 6.2 shows the current I and potential difference V characteristic for the electrical
component Z.

Fig. 6.2

250

200
I / mA

150

100

50

0
0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0
V/V

© OCR 2023
15
(a) State the name of component Z.
filament lamp
.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(b) The switch is initially open.

The voltmeter reading is 5.72 V

The following voltmeters are available:

A: 0–2 V, ± 0.001 V B: 0–2 V, ± 0.01 V C: 0–2 V, ± 0.1 V

D: 0–20 V, ± 0.001 V E: 0–20 V, ± 0.01 V F: 0–20 V, ± 0.1 V

State the voltmeter, A to F, that has been used in this experiment.

E
Voltmeter ......................................................... [1]

(c) The switch is now closed.

The ammeter and voltmeter readings are:

Ammeter reading = 220 mA

Voltmeter reading = 4.80 V

(i) Show that the resistance of R is 120 Ω.

R = V/I In graph: - current = 180mA


= 4.80/0.04
R = 120 ohms 220 - 180 = 40mA = 0.04A

Hence shown

[2]

(ii) Determine values for E and r.

r = 5.72-4.8/220 x 10^-3
r = 4.2

5.72
E = ............................................................ V

r = ............................................................
4.2 Ω
[3]
© OCR 2023 Turn over
16
(d) The resistor R is changed to a lower value.

State and explain the change, if any, in the ammeter and voltmeter readings when the switch
is closed.

...................................................................................................................................................
The ammeter's reading increases, because the overall resistance of the circuit decreases.

Larger current means there is a greater proportion of V against r, so therefore the voltmeter
...................................................................................................................................................
reading decreases.
...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [4]

© OCR 2023
17
7* A student carries out an experiment to determine the speed v of sound in air. The student forms
stationary sound waves in a resonance tube with water at the bottom as shown in Fig. 7.1.

Fig. 7.1

tube

water d

The depth of the water is d.

Sound is produced by a signal generator connected to a loudspeaker. The sound is detected by a


microphone connected to an oscilloscope.

The signal generator is adjusted. The frequency f of the fundamental mode of vibration of the
sound in air is determined.

The experiment is repeated for different values of d.


1
The table shows the results. Values of have been included.
f

d / cm f / Hz 1
/ 10–3 Hz–1
f
5.0 140 7.1 ± 0.2
15.0 170 5.9 ± 0.2
25.0 210 4.8 ± 0.2
35.0 280 3.6 ± 0.2
45.0 420 2.4 ± 0.2
55.0 840 1.2 ± 0.2

It is suggested that the relationship between f and d is


1 4d
=– +c
f v
where v is the speed of sound in air and c is a constant.

© OCR 2023 Turn over


18

1
A graph of / 10–3 Hz–1 on the y-axis against d / cm on the x-axis is plotted as shown below.
f
8.0

7.0
1
/ 10–3 Hz–1
f

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0

2.0

1.0

0.0
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0 50.0 60.0
d / cm

© OCR 2023
19
Explain how the apparatus is used to determine f and use the graph to determine v. Include the
percentage uncertainty in your value of v. [6]

..........................................................................................................................................................
* measure the highest amplitude of the frequency of the wave which has been observed through
signal generator. - having lower frequency and will be considered as the fundamental frequency.
..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
* Fundamental frequency will have the least resonance

..........................................................................................................................................................
* To calculate the time period for the fundamental frequency, using the formula: -

time period = time base x horizontal distance.


..........................................................................................................................................................
* after finding the time period substitute that value into the formula f = 1/T to find the frequency.
..........................................................................................................................................................

..........................................................................................................................................................
* The gradient of the graph should be -4/v

..........................................................................................................................................................
* From the graph we get v = 330ms^-1

..........................................................................................................................................................

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Additional answer space if required

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© OCR 2023 Turn over


20
8 Electromagnetic radiation is incident on a metal plate. Photoelectrons are emitted.

(a) (i) State why electrons are emitted.

...................................................................................................................................................
Because the energy from the photons is absorbed by the electrons.

...................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(ii) The metal plate has a threshold frequency of 990 THz.

State what is meant by the term threshold frequency.

The minimum frequency of the incident radiation needed to emit a photoelectron.


...........................................................................................................................................

...........................................................................................................................................

...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) The maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons is 1.9 eV.

(i) Show that the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons, is about
3.0 × 10–19 J.

1.6 x 10^-19 x 1.9 = 3.0 x 10^-19

hence shown
[1]

(ii) Determine the wavelength λ of the incident electromagnetic radiation.

wave speed = wavelength x frequency


E = hf
3 x 10^-19 = (6.63 x 10^-34) x f
f = 4.52 x 10^14 + 990 x 10^14
f = 9.945 x 10^16
3 x 10^8 /f = wavelength
= 2.1 x 10^-7

λ = ...................................................... m [3]

© OCR 2023
21
(c) The intensity of the incident radiation is doubled.

State the change, if any, on

(i) the maximum kinetic energy of the photoelectrons emitted from the surface of the metal
plate
no change
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) the rate of emission of the photoelectrons.


doubles
...................................................................................................................................... [1]

END OF QUESTION PAPER

© OCR 2023
22
ADDITIONAL ANSWER SPACE

If additional space is required, you should use the following lined page(s). The question number(s)
must be clearly shown in the margin(s).

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© OCR 2023
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Oxford Cambridge and RSA


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