UNIT-2

BCA613: Cloud Computing

Modeling Services: Infrastructure as a Service, Platform as a Service, Software as a
Service, Desktop as a Service, Cloud Computing Architecture: Cloud Reference Model,
Layer and Types of Clouds, Services models, Data center Design and interconnection
Network, Architectural design of Compute and Storage Clouds

Modeling services: -
Cloud computing mainly have 4 modeling services
1. Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS)
2. Platform as a Service (PaaS)
3. Software as a Service (SaaS)
4. Desktop as a Service (DaaS)

1.Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS): -

IaaS is also known as Hardware as a Service (HaaS). It is one of the layers of the cloud computing platform. It allows customers
to outsource their IT infrastructures such as servers, networking, processing, storage, virtual machines, and other resources.
Customers access these resources on the Internet using a pay-as-per use model.
IaaS providers: - Amazon Web Services, Netmagic Solutions, RackSpace
IaaS provider provides the following services -
1. Compute: Computing as a Service includes virtual central processing units and virtual main memory for the Vms that
is provisioned to the end- users.
2. Storage: IaaS provider provides back-end storage for storing files.
3. Network: Network as a Service (NaaS) provides networking components such as routers, switches, and bridges for
the Vms.
4. Load balancers: It provides load balancing capability at the infrastructure layer.

Advantages of IaaS cloud computing layer

There are the following advantages of IaaS computing layer –
1. Shared infrastructure
IaaS allows multiple users to share the same physical infrastructure.
2. Web access to the resources
IaaS allows IT users to access resources over the internet.
3. Pay-as-per-use model
IaaS providers provide services based on the pay-as-per-use basis. The users are required to pay for what they have used.
4. Focus on the core business
IaaS providers focus on the organization's core business rather than on IT infrastructure.
5. On-demand scalability
On-demand scalability is one of the biggest advantages of IaaS. Using IaaS, users do not worry about to upgrade software
and troubleshoot the issues related to hardware components.

Disadvantages of IaaS cloud computing layer

1. Security
Security is one of the biggest issues in IaaS. Most of the IaaS providers are not able to provide 100% security.
2. Maintenance & Upgrade
Although IaaS service providers maintain the software, but they do not upgrade the software for some organizations.
3. Interoperability issues
It is difficult to migrate VM from one IaaS provider to the other, so the customers might face problem related to vendor lock-
in.

2.Platform as a Service (PaaS): -

Platform as a Service (PaaS) provides a runtime environment. It allows programmers to easily create, test, run, and deploy
web applications. You can purchase these applications from a cloud service provider on a pay-as-per use basis and access
them using the Internet connection. In PaaS, back end scalability is managed by the cloud service provider, so end- users do
not need to worry about managing the infrastructure.
Example: Google App Engine, Force.com, Joyent, Azure.
PaaS providers provide the Programming languages, Application frameworks, Databases, and Other tools:
1. Programming languages
PaaS providers provide various programming languages for the developers to develop the applications. Some popular
programming languages provided by PaaS providers are Java, PHP, Ruby, Perl, and Go.
2. Application frameworks
PaaS providers provide application frameworks to easily understand the application development. Some popular application
frameworks provided by PaaS providers are Node.js, Drupal, Joomla, WordPress, Spring, Play, Rack, and Zend.
3. Databases
PaaS providers provide various databases such as ClearDB, PostgreSQL, MongoDB, and Redis to communicate with the
applications.
4. Other tools
PaaS providers provide various other tools that are required to develop, test, and deploy the applications.
Advantages of PaaS
There are the following advantages of PaaS -
1) Simplified Development
PaaS allows developers to focus on development and innovation without worrying about infrastructure management.
2) Lower risk
No need for up-front investment in hardware and software. Developers only need a PC and an internet connection to start
building applications.
3) Prebuilt business functionality
Some PaaS vendors also provide already defined business functionality so that users can avoid building everything from very
scratch and hence can directly start the projects only.
4) Instant community
PaaS vendors frequently provide online communities where the developer can get the ideas to share experiences and seek
advice from others.
5) Scalability
Applications deployed can scale from one to thousands of users without any changes to the applications.
Disadvantages of PaaS cloud computing layer
1) Vendor lock-in
One has to write the applications according to the platform provided by the PaaS vendor, so the migration of an application
to another PaaS vendor would be a problem.
2) Data Privacy
Corporate data, whether it can be critical or not, will be private, so if it is not located within the walls of the company, there
can be a risk in terms of privacy of data.
3) Integration with the rest of the systems applications
It may happen that some applications are local, and some are in the cloud. So there will be chances of increased complexity
when we want to use data which in the cloud with the local data.

3.Software as a Service (SaaS): -

SaaS is also known as "On-Demand Software". It is a software distribution model in which services are hosted by a cloud
service provider. These services are available to end-users over the internet so, the end-users do not need to install any
software on their devices to access these services.
There are the following services provided by SaaS providers –
Business Services - SaaS Provider provides various business services to start-up the business. The SaaS business services
include ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), CRM (Customer Relationship Management), billing, and sales.
Document Management - SaaS document management is a software application offered by a third party (SaaS providers) to
create, manage, and track electronic documents.
Example: Slack, Samepage, Box, and Zoho Forms.
Social Networks - As we all know, social networking sites are used by the general public, so social networking service
providers use SaaS for their convenience and handle the general public's information.
Mail Services - To handle the unpredictable number of users and load on e-mail services, many e-mail providers offering their
services using SaaS.
Advantages of SaaS cloud computing layer
1) SaaS is easy to buy
SaaS pricing is based on a monthly fee or annual fee subscription, so it allows organizations to access business functionality
at a low cost, which is less than licensed applications.
2. One to Many
SaaS services are offered as a one-to-many model means a single instance of the application is shared by multiple users.
3. Less hardware required for SaaS
The software is hosted remotely, so organizations do not need to invest in additional hardware.
4. Low maintenance required for SaaS
Software as a service removes the need for installation, set-up, and daily maintenance for the organizations. So SaaS does
easy to monitor and automatic updates.
5. No special software or hardware versions required
All users will have the same version of the software and typically access it through the web browser. SaaS reduces IT support
costs by outsourcing hardware and software maintenance and support to the IaaS provider.
6. Multidevice support
SaaS services can be accessed from any device such as desktops, laptops, tablets, phones, and thin clients.
7. API Integration
SaaS services easily integrate with other software or services through standard APIs.
8. No client-side installation
SaaS services are accessed directly from the service provider using the internet connection, so do not need to require any
software installation.
Disadvantages of SaaS cloud computing layer
1) Security
Actually, data is stored in the cloud, so security may be an issue for some users. However, cloud computing is not more secure
than in-house deployment.
2) Latency issue
Since data and applications are stored in the cloud at a variable distance from the end-user, there is a possibility that there
may be greater latency when interacting with the application compared to local deployment. Therefore, the SaaS model is
not suitable for applications whose demand response time is in milliseconds.
3) Total Dependency on Internet
Without an internet connection, most SaaS applications are not usable.
4) Switching between SaaS vendors is difficult
Switching SaaS vendors involves the difficult and slow task of transferring the very large data files over the internet and then
converting and importing them into another SaaS also.

Desktop as a Service (DaaS): -

Desktop as a service (DaaS) is a cloud computing offering in which a third party hosts the back end of a virtual desktop
infrastructure (VDI) deployment.
With DaaS, desktop operating systems run inside virtual machines on servers in a cloud provider's data center. All the
necessary support infrastructure, including storage and network resources, also lives in the cloud. As with on-premises VDI,
a DaaS provider streams virtual desktops over a network to a customer's endpoint devices, where end users may access them
through client software or a web browser.

Cloud Computing Architecture: -

The cloud architecture is divided into 2 parts i.e.
1. Frontend
2. Backend
The below figure represents an internal architectural view of cloud computing.

Architecture of cloud computing is the combination of both SOA (Service Oriented Architecture) and EDA (Event Driven
Architecture). Client infrastructure, application, service, runtime cloud, storage, infrastructure, management and security all
these are the components of cloud computing architecture.

1. Frontend:
Frontend of the cloud architecture refers to the client side of cloud computing system. Means it contains all the user
interfaces and applications which are used by the client to access the cloud computing services/resources. For example, use
of a web browser to access the cloud platform.
• Client Infrastructure – Client Infrastructure is a part of the frontend component. It contains the applications and
user interfaces which are required to access the cloud platform.
• In other words, it provides a GUI( Graphical User Interface ) to interact with the cloud.
2. Backend:
Backend refers to the cloud itself which is used by the service provider. It contains the resources as well as manages the
resources and provides security mechanisms. Along with this, it includes huge storage, virtual applications, virtual machines,
traffic control mechanisms, deployment models, etc.
1. Application –
Application in backend refers to a software or platform to which client accesses. Means it provides the service in
backend as per the client requirement.
2. Service –
Service in backend refers to the major three types of cloud based services like SaaS, PaaS and IaaS. Also manages
which type of service the user accesses.
3. Runtime Cloud-
Runtime cloud in backend provides the execution and Runtime platform/environment to the Virtual machine.
4. Storage –
Storage in backend provides flexible and scalable storage service and management of stored data.
5. Infrastructure –
Cloud Infrastructure in backend refers to the hardware and software components of cloud like it includes servers,
storage, network devices, virtualization software etc.
6. Management –
Management in backend refers to management of backend components like application, service, runtime cloud,
storage, infrastructure, and other security mechanisms etc.
7. Security –
Security in backend refers to implementation of different security mechanisms in the backend for secure cloud
resources, systems, files, and infrastructure to end-users.
8. Internet –
Internet connection acts as the medium or a bridge between frontend and backend and establishes the interaction
and communication between frontend and backend.
9. Database– Database in backend refers to provide database for storing structured data, such as SQL and NOSQL
databases. Example of Databases services include Amazon RDS, Microsoft Azure SQL database and Google Cloud
SQL.
10. Networking– Networking in backend services that provide networking infrastructure for application in the cloud,
such as load balancing, DNS and virtual private networks.
11. Analytics– Analytics in backend service that provides analytics capabilities for data in the cloud, such as warehousing,
business intelligence and machine learning.
Benefits of Cloud Computing Architecture:
• Makes overall cloud computing system simpler.
• Improves data processing requirements.
• Helps in providing high security.
• Makes it more modularized.
• Results in better disaster recovery.
• Gives good user accessibility.
• Reduces IT operating costs.
• Provides high level reliability.
• Scalability.

Types of Cloud: -
Businesses use cloud resources in different ways. There are mainly four of them:
o Public Cloud: The cloud method is open to all with the Internet on a pay-per-use method.
 o Private Cloud: This is a cloud method used by organizations to make their data centers accessible only with the
organization's permission.
o Hybrid cloud: It is a cloud method that combines public and private clouds. It caters to the various needs of an
organization for its services.
o Community cloud is a cloud method that provides services to an organization or a group of people within a single
community.

Layered Cloud Architectural Development: -

Data center Design and interconnection Network: -

Data center: -
A data center - also known as a data center or data center - is a facility made up of networked computers, storage systems,
and computing infrastructure that businesses and other organizations use to organize, process, store large amounts of data.
Businesses use different types of data centers, including:
o Telecom Data Center: It is a type of data center operated by telecommunications or service providers. It requires
high-speed connectivity to work.
o Enterprise data center: This is a type of data center built and owned by a company that may or may not be onsite.
o Colocation Data Center: This type of data center consists of a single data center owner's location, providing cooling
to multiple enterprises and hyper-scale their customers.
o Hyper-Scale Data Center: This is a type of data center owned and operated by the company itself.
Datacenter Architecture and Design: -
Although almost any suitable location can serve as a data center, a data center's deliberate design and implementation
require careful consideration. Beyond the basic issues of cost and taxes, sites are selected based on several criteria:
geographic location, seismic and meteorological stability, access to roads and airports, availability of energy and
telecommunications, and even the prevailing political environment.
Once the site is secured, the data center architecture can be designed to focus on the structure and layout of mechanical and
electrical infrastructure and IT equipment. These issues are guided by the availability and efficiency goals of the desired data
center tier.
Datacenter Security
Datacenter designs must also implement sound security and security practices. For example, security is often reflected in the
layout of doors and access corridors, which must accommodate the movement of large, cumbersome IT equipment and allow
employees to access and repair infrastructure.
These may include:
o Badge Access;
o biometric access control, and
o video surveillance.
Data Center Interconnection: -
Data center interconnection is one of the most important qualities to look for in a data center provider. As massive amounts
of data are managed, distributed and exchanged across the globe, the nature of a successful business often relies on the
stability of its IT infrastructure.
Main components of Data Centers: -
Elements of a data center are generally divided into three categories:
1. Calculation
2. enterprise data storage
3. networking
A modern data center concentrates an organization's data systems in a well-protected physical infrastructure, which
includes:
o Server;
o storage subsystems;
o networking switches, routers, and firewalls;
o cabling; And
o Physical racks for organizing and interconnecting IT equipment.
Datacenter Resources typically include:
o power distribution and supplementary power subsystems;
o electrical switching;
o UPS;
o backup generator;
o ventilation and data center cooling systems, such as in-row cooling configurations and computer room air
conditioners; And
o Adequate provision for network carrier (telecom) connectivity.
It demands a physical facility with physical security access controls and sufficient square footage to hold the entire collection
of infrastructure and equipment.
Datacenters management: -
Datacenter management is required to administer many different topics related to the data center, including:
o Facilities Management. Management of a physical data center facility may include duties related to the facility's
real estate, utilities, access control, and personnel.
o Datacenter inventory or asset management. Datacenter features include hardware assets and software licensing,
and release management.
o Datacenter Infrastructure Management. DCIM lies at the intersection of IT and facility management and is typically
accomplished by monitoring data center performance to optimize energy, equipment, and floor use.
o Technical support. The data center provides technical services to the organization, and as such, it should also provide
technical support to the end-users of the enterprise.
o Datacenter management includes the day-to-day processes and services provided by the data center.