homequiz

Krishnansh

2024-10-22

pre = c(163.8,156.1,163.7,161.7,160.0,155.1,159.3,162)
jan = c(163.7,168.6,164.4,164.9,169.7,165.6,163.5,161)
t.test(pre,jan,paired = T)

##
## Paired t-test
##
## data: pre and jan
## t = -2.6734, df = 7, p-value = 0.03184
## alternative hypothesis: true mean difference is not equal to 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -9.3518515 -0.5731485
## sample estimates:
## mean difference
## -4.9625

red = read.csv("C:/Users/DELL 5490/Downloads/RedBeers.csv")

## abv style
## 1 5.9 Red Ale
## 2 6.0 Red Ale
## 3 5.8 Red Ale
## 4 5.8 Red Ale
## 5 5.8 Red Ale
## 6 7.7 Red Ale
## 7 6.0 Red Ale
## 8 6.1 Red Ale
## 9 5.0 Red Ale
## 10 3.5 Red Ale
## 11 5.5 Red Ale
## 12 6.7 Red Ale
## 13 5.8 Red Ale
## 14 6.6 Red Ale
## 15 4.6 Red Ale
## 16 8.0 Red Ale
## 17 5.5 Red Ale
## 18 5.2 Red Ale
## 19 5.4 Red Ale
## 20 5.3 Red Ale
## 21 6.0 Red Ale

1
## 22 6.2 Red Ale
## 23 6.1 Red Ale
## 24 5.0 Red Ale
## 25 6.2 Red Ale
## 26 6.3 Red Ale
## 27 6.3 Red Ale
## 28 5.4 Red Ale
## 29 5.4 Red Ale
## 30 5.5 Red Ale
## 31 5.5 Red Ale
## 32 5.0 Red Ale
## 33 7.2 Red Ale
## 34 5.2 Red Ale
## 35 5.2 Red Ale
## 36 5.2 Red Ale
## 37 5.2 Red Ale
## 38 6.5 Red Ale
## 39 6.0 Red Ale
## 40 6.3 Red Ale
## 41 5.4 Red Ale
## 42 5.8 Red Ale
## 43 7.5 Red Ale
## 44 7.5 Red Ale
## 45 8.0 Red Ale
## 46 5.6 Red Ale
## 47 5.6 Red Ale
## 48 6.8 Red Ale
## 49 5.0 Red Ale
## 50 5.4 Red Ale
## 51 4.8 Red Ale
## 52 6.5 Red Ale
## 53 5.5 Red Ale
## 54 5.5 Red Ale
## 55 5.8 Red Ale
## 56 5.8 Red Ale
## 57 4.8 Red Ale
## 58 5.0 Red Ale
## 59 5.1 Red Ale
## 60 5.0 Red Ale
## 61 5.0 Red Ale
## 62 5.7 Red Ale
## 63 4.6 Red Ale
## 64 5.8 Red Ale
## 65 5.1 Red Ale
## 66 6.0 Red Ale
## 67 4.5 Red Ale
## 68 5.0 Red Ale
## 69 6.0 Red Ale
## 70 5.2 Red Ale
## 71 5.6 Red Ale
## 72 5.1 Red Ale
## 73 5.1 Red Ale
## 74 6.7 Red Ale
## 75 6.5 Red Ale

2
## 76 5.0 Red Ale
## 77 8.2 Red Ale
## 78 5.2 Red Ale
## 79 5.2 Red Ale
## 80 5.2 Red Ale
## 81 5.2 Red Ale
## 82 5.0 Red Ale
## 83 5.0 Red Ale
## 84 5.2 Red Ale
## 85 5.5 Red Ale
## 86 5.4 Red Ale
## 87 5.9 Red Ale
## 88 7.3 Red Ale
## 89 5.5 Red Ale
## 90 6.5 Red Ale
## 91 4.9 Red Ale
## 92 5.8 Red Ale
## 93 6.2 Red Ale
## 94 5.7 Red Ale
## 95 6.0 Red Ale
## 96 5.0 Red Ale
## 97 8.0 Red Ale
## 98 8.1 Red Ale
## 99 5.9 Red Ale
## 100 5.1 Red Ale
## 101 5.6 Red Ale
## 102 5.6 Red Ale
## 103 5.5 Red Ale
## 104 5.5 Red Ale
## 105 7.7 Red Ale
## 106 6.0 Red Ale
## 107 5.8 Red Ale
## 108 5.8 Red Ale
## 109 8.0 Red Ale
## 110 6.0 Red Ale
## 111 5.1 Red Ale
## 112 5.6 Red Ale
## 113 4.6 Red Ale
## 114 5.8 Red Ale
## 115 5.2 Red Ale
## 116 4.5 Red Ale
## 117 6.0 Red Ale
## 118 7.5 Red Ale
## 119 5.2 Red Ale
## 120 5.2 Red Ale
## 121 4.7 Red Ale
## 122 5.5 Red Ale
## 123 5.2 Red Ale
## 124 5.2 Red Ale
## 125 5.2 Red Ale
## 126 5.5 Red Lager
## 127 5.5 Red Lager
## 128 4.5 Red Lager
## 129 4.9 Red Lager

3
## 130 5.2 Red Lager
## 131 5.2 Red Lager
## 132 4.5 Red Lager
## 133 4.9 Red Lager
## 134 5.1 Red Lager
## 135 4.9 Red Lager
## 136 4.6 Red Lager
## 137 4.6 Red Lager
## 138 4.6 Red Lager
## 139 4.6 Red Lager
## 140 5.0 Red Lager
## 141 5.5 Red Lager
## 142 5.5 Red Lager
## 143 5.5 Red Lager
## 144 4.5 Red Lager
## 145 4.8 Red Lager
## 146 5.7 Red Lager
## 147 4.7 Red Lager
## 148 4.1 Red Lager
## 149 4.5 Red Lager
## 150 5.4 Red Lager
## 151 4.0 Red Lager
## 152 5.2 Red Lager
## 153 5.5 Red Lager

x = c(1.9,6.2,4.2,3.7,2.6,4.4,4.6,1.1,2.5,1.5,4.9,4.1,1.3,3.7,3.9,3.5,1.4,4.8,4.2,3.2)
myfun = function(alpha,x)
{
mu = mean(x)
ss = var(x)
n = length(x)
num = (n-1)*ss
upper = num/qchisq(alpha/2,n-1)
lower = num/qchisq(1-(alpha/2),n-1)
c(lower,upper)
}
myfun(0.05,x)

## [1] 1.148944 4.237964

x = c(1.9,6.2,4.2,3.7,2.6,4.4,4.6,1.1,2.5,1.5,4.9,4.1,1.3,3.7,3.9,3.5,1.4,4.8,4.2,3.2)
myfun = function(alpha,x,mu)
{
n = length(x)
num = sum((x-mu)ˆ2)
lower = num/qchisq(1-(alpha/2),n)
upper = num/qchisq(alpha/2,n)
c(lower,upper)
}
myfun(0.05,x,5)

## [1] 2.631286 9.374631

4
ns = c(18.1,6.0,10.8,11.0,7.7,17.9,8.5,13.0,18.9)
sm = c(16.6, 13.9, 11.3, 26.5, 17.4, 15.3, 15.8, 12.3, 18.6, 12.0, 24.1, 16.5, 21.8, 16.3, 23.4, 18.8)
t.test(ns,sm,var.equal = T,alternative = "less")

##
## Two Sample t-test
##
## data: ns and sm
## t = -2.658, df = 23, p-value = 0.007027
## alternative hypothesis: true difference in means is less than 0
## 95 percent confidence interval:
## -Inf -1.812983
## sample estimates:
## mean of x mean of y
## 12.43333 17.53750

mu = seq(3.1,11,0.1)
power = pnorm((10-mu)/sqrt(10),lower.tail = F)
data.frame(mu,power)

## mu power
## 1 3.1 0.01455581
## 2 3.2 0.01576382
## 3 3.3 0.01705681
## 4 3.4 0.01843940
## 5 3.5 0.01991631
## 6 3.6 0.02149240
## 7 3.7 0.02317264
## 8 3.8 0.02496214
## 9 3.9 0.02686609
## 10 4.0 0.02888979
## 11 4.1 0.03103861
## 12 4.2 0.03331801
## 13 4.3 0.03573352
## 14 4.4 0.03829070
## 15 4.5 0.04099516
## 16 4.6 0.04385251
## 17 4.7 0.04686840
## 18 4.8 0.05004841
## 19 4.9 0.05339816
## 20 5.0 0.05692315
## 21 5.1 0.06062886
## 22 5.2 0.06452065
## 23 5.3 0.06860379
## 24 5.4 0.07288341
## 25 5.5 0.07736446
## 26 5.6 0.08205175
## 27 5.7 0.08694987
## 28 5.8 0.09206319
## 29 5.9 0.09739581
## 30 6.0 0.10295161
## 31 6.1 0.10873411

5
## 32 6.2 0.11474657
## 33 6.3 0.12099189
## 34 6.4 0.12747258
## 35 6.5 0.13419081
## 36 6.6 0.14114833
## 37 6.7 0.14834644
## 38 6.8 0.15578604
## 39 6.9 0.16346753
## 40 7.0 0.17139086
## 41 7.1 0.17955546
## 42 7.2 0.18796029
## 43 7.3 0.19660376
## 44 7.4 0.20548376
## 45 7.5 0.21459765
## 46 7.6 0.22394224
## 47 7.7 0.23351379
## 48 7.8 0.24330802
## 49 7.9 0.25332010
## 50 8.0 0.26354463
## 51 8.1 0.27397569
## 52 8.2 0.28460682
## 53 8.3 0.29543103
## 54 8.4 0.30644081
## 55 8.5 0.31762815
## 56 8.6 0.32898455
## 57 8.7 0.34050104
## 58 8.8 0.35216821
## 59 8.9 0.36397621
## 60 9.0 0.37591482
## 61 9.1 0.38797339
## 62 9.2 0.40014098
## 63 9.3 0.41240629
## 64 9.4 0.42475775
## 65 9.5 0.43718353
## 66 9.6 0.44967159
## 67 9.7 0.46220971
## 68 9.8 0.47478549
## 69 9.9 0.48738644
## 70 10.0 0.50000000
## 71 10.1 0.51261356
## 72 10.2 0.52521451
## 73 10.3 0.53779029
## 74 10.4 0.55032841
## 75 10.5 0.56281647
## 76 10.6 0.57524225
## 77 10.7 0.58759371
## 78 10.8 0.59985902
## 79 10.9 0.61202661
## 80 11.0 0.62408518

plot(mu,power)

6
 0.6
0.5
0.4
power

0.3
0.2
0.1
0.0

4 6 8 10

mu

n = seq(2,60,1)
power = pt(1+sqrt(n),n-1) - pt(1-sqrt(n),n-1)
data.frame(n,power)

## n power
## 1 2 0.5000000
## 2 3 0.6738873
## 3 4 0.7756644
## 4 5 0.8420751
## 5 6 0.8874345
## 6 7 0.9191615
## 7 8 0.9416649
## 8 9 0.9577670
## 9 10 0.9693559
## 10 11 0.9777297
## 11 12 0.9837974
## 12 13 0.9882027
## 13 14 0.9914056
## 14 15 0.9937367
## 15 16 0.9954344
## 16 17 0.9966716
## 17 18 0.9975733
## 18 19 0.9982308
## 19 20 0.9987102
## 20 21 0.9990598

7
## 21 22 0.9993147
## 22 23 0.9995005
## 23 24 0.9996361
## 24 25 0.9997348
## 25 26 0.9998069
## 26 27 0.9998593
## 27 28 0.9998976
## 28 29 0.9999254
## 29 30 0.9999457
## 30 31 0.9999605
## 31 32 0.9999713
## 32 33 0.9999791
## 33 34 0.9999848
## 34 35 0.9999889
## 35 36 0.9999920
## 36 37 0.9999942
## 37 38 0.9999958
## 38 39 0.9999969
## 39 40 0.9999978
## 40 41 0.9999984
## 41 42 0.9999988
## 42 43 0.9999991
## 43 44 0.9999994
## 44 45 0.9999995
## 45 46 0.9999997
## 46 47 0.9999998
## 47 48 0.9999998
## 48 49 0.9999999
## 49 50 0.9999999
## 50 51 0.9999999
## 51 52 1.0000000
## 52 53 1.0000000
## 53 54 1.0000000
## 54 55 1.0000000
## 55 56 1.0000000
## 56 57 1.0000000
## 57 58 1.0000000
## 58 59 1.0000000
## 59 60 1.0000000

plot(n,power,col='Blue')

8
 1.0
0.9
0.8
power

0.7
0.6
0.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

c = seq(-0.4,0.4,0.005)
type1 = pnorm(4*c+2,lower.tail = F)
type2 = pnorm(4*c-2)
data.frame(c,type1,type2)

## c type1 type2
## 1 -0.400 0.3445782584 0.0001591086
## 2 -0.395 0.3372427268 0.0001717971
## 3 -0.390 0.3299685537 0.0001854274
## 4 -0.385 0.3227581103 0.0002000635
## 5 -0.380 0.3156136965 0.0002157734
## 6 -0.375 0.3085375387 0.0002326291
## 7 -0.370 0.3015317875 0.0002507069
## 8 -0.365 0.2945985162 0.0002700877
## 9 -0.360 0.2877397188 0.0002908571
## 10 -0.355 0.2809573089 0.0003131057
## 11 -0.350 0.2742531178 0.0003369293
## 12 -0.345 0.2676288935 0.0003624291
## 13 -0.340 0.2610862997 0.0003897124
## 14 -0.335 0.2546269147 0.0004188919
## 15 -0.330 0.2482522305 0.0004500872
## 16 -0.325 0.2419636522 0.0004834241
## 17 -0.320 0.2357624978 0.0005190354
## 18 -0.315 0.2296499972 0.0005570611
## 19 -0.310 0.2236272924 0.0005976485

9
## 20 -0.305 0.2176954376 0.0006409530
## 21 -0.300 0.2118553986 0.0006871379
## 22 -0.295 0.2061080536 0.0007363753
## 23 -0.290 0.2004541933 0.0007888457
## 24 -0.285 0.1948945213 0.0008447392
## 25 -0.280 0.1894296548 0.0009042552
## 26 -0.275 0.1840601253 0.0009676032
## 27 -0.270 0.1787863796 0.0010350030
## 28 -0.265 0.1736087803 0.0011066850
## 29 -0.260 0.1685276075 0.0011828907
## 30 -0.255 0.1635430593 0.0012638734
## 31 -0.250 0.1586552539 0.0013498980
## 32 -0.245 0.1538642304 0.0014412419
## 33 -0.240 0.1491699503 0.0015381952
## 34 -0.235 0.1445722997 0.0016410612
## 35 -0.230 0.1400710901 0.0017501569
## 36 -0.225 0.1356660609 0.0018658133
## 37 -0.220 0.1313568810 0.0019883759
## 38 -0.215 0.1271431506 0.0021182050
## 39 -0.210 0.1230244031 0.0022556767
## 40 -0.205 0.1190001075 0.0024011825
## 41 -0.200 0.1150696702 0.0025551303
## 42 -0.195 0.1112324374 0.0027179449
## 43 -0.190 0.1074876971 0.0028900681
## 44 -0.185 0.1038346811 0.0030719592
## 45 -0.180 0.1002725680 0.0032640958
## 46 -0.175 0.0968004846 0.0034669738
## 47 -0.170 0.0934175090 0.0036811080
## 48 -0.165 0.0901226725 0.0039070326
## 49 -0.160 0.0869149619 0.0041453014
## 50 -0.155 0.0837933224 0.0043964883
## 51 -0.150 0.0807566592 0.0046611880
## 52 -0.145 0.0778038405 0.0049400158
## 53 -0.140 0.0749336995 0.0052336082
## 54 -0.135 0.0721450370 0.0055426234
## 55 -0.130 0.0694366233 0.0058677417
## 56 -0.125 0.0668072013 0.0062096653
## 57 -0.120 0.0642554878 0.0065691191
## 58 -0.115 0.0617801767 0.0069468508
## 59 -0.110 0.0593799406 0.0073436310
## 60 -0.105 0.0570534332 0.0077602536
## 61 -0.100 0.0547992917 0.0081975359
## 62 -0.095 0.0526161385 0.0086563190
## 63 -0.090 0.0505025835 0.0091374675
## 64 -0.085 0.0484572263 0.0096418699
## 65 -0.080 0.0464786579 0.0101704387
## 66 -0.075 0.0445654628 0.0107241100
## 67 -0.070 0.0427162208 0.0113038442
## 68 -0.065 0.0409295090 0.0119106254
## 69 -0.060 0.0392039033 0.0125454614
## 70 -0.055 0.0375379803 0.0132093838
## 71 -0.050 0.0359303191 0.0139034475
## 72 -0.045 0.0343795024 0.0146287308
## 73 -0.040 0.0328841187 0.0153863348

10
## 74 -0.035 0.0314427630 0.0161773834
## 75 -0.030 0.0300540390 0.0170030226
## 76 -0.025 0.0287165598 0.0178644206
## 77 -0.020 0.0274289497 0.0187627664
## 78 -0.015 0.0261898449 0.0196992704
## 79 -0.010 0.0249978951 0.0206751629
## 80 -0.005 0.0238517643 0.0216916938
## 81 0.000 0.0227501319 0.0227501319
## 82 0.005 0.0216916938 0.0238517643
## 83 0.010 0.0206751629 0.0249978951
## 84 0.015 0.0196992704 0.0261898449
## 85 0.020 0.0187627664 0.0274289497
## 86 0.025 0.0178644206 0.0287165598
## 87 0.030 0.0170030226 0.0300540390
## 88 0.035 0.0161773834 0.0314427630
## 89 0.040 0.0153863348 0.0328841187
## 90 0.045 0.0146287308 0.0343795024
## 91 0.050 0.0139034475 0.0359303191
## 92 0.055 0.0132093838 0.0375379803
## 93 0.060 0.0125454614 0.0392039033
## 94 0.065 0.0119106254 0.0409295090
## 95 0.070 0.0113038442 0.0427162208
## 96 0.075 0.0107241100 0.0445654628
## 97 0.080 0.0101704387 0.0464786579
## 98 0.085 0.0096418699 0.0484572263
## 99 0.090 0.0091374675 0.0505025835
## 100 0.095 0.0086563190 0.0526161385
## 101 0.100 0.0081975359 0.0547992917
## 102 0.105 0.0077602536 0.0570534332
## 103 0.110 0.0073436310 0.0593799406
## 104 0.115 0.0069468508 0.0617801767
## 105 0.120 0.0065691191 0.0642554878
## 106 0.125 0.0062096653 0.0668072013
## 107 0.130 0.0058677417 0.0694366233
## 108 0.135 0.0055426234 0.0721450370
## 109 0.140 0.0052336082 0.0749336995
## 110 0.145 0.0049400158 0.0778038405
## 111 0.150 0.0046611880 0.0807566592
## 112 0.155 0.0043964883 0.0837933224
## 113 0.160 0.0041453014 0.0869149619
## 114 0.165 0.0039070326 0.0901226725
## 115 0.170 0.0036811080 0.0934175090
## 116 0.175 0.0034669738 0.0968004846
## 117 0.180 0.0032640958 0.1002725680
## 118 0.185 0.0030719592 0.1038346811
## 119 0.190 0.0028900681 0.1074876971
## 120 0.195 0.0027179449 0.1112324374
## 121 0.200 0.0025551303 0.1150696702
## 122 0.205 0.0024011825 0.1190001075
## 123 0.210 0.0022556767 0.1230244031
## 124 0.215 0.0021182050 0.1271431506
## 125 0.220 0.0019883759 0.1313568810
## 126 0.225 0.0018658133 0.1356660609
## 127 0.230 0.0017501569 0.1400710901

11
## 128 0.235 0.0016410612 0.1445722997
## 129 0.240 0.0015381952 0.1491699503
## 130 0.245 0.0014412419 0.1538642304
## 131 0.250 0.0013498980 0.1586552539
## 132 0.255 0.0012638734 0.1635430593
## 133 0.260 0.0011828907 0.1685276075
## 134 0.265 0.0011066850 0.1736087803
## 135 0.270 0.0010350030 0.1787863796
## 136 0.275 0.0009676032 0.1840601253
## 137 0.280 0.0009042552 0.1894296548
## 138 0.285 0.0008447392 0.1948945213
## 139 0.290 0.0007888457 0.2004541933
## 140 0.295 0.0007363753 0.2061080536
## 141 0.300 0.0006871379 0.2118553986
## 142 0.305 0.0006409530 0.2176954376
## 143 0.310 0.0005976485 0.2236272924
## 144 0.315 0.0005570611 0.2296499972
## 145 0.320 0.0005190354 0.2357624978
## 146 0.325 0.0004834241 0.2419636522
## 147 0.330 0.0004500872 0.2482522305
## 148 0.335 0.0004188919 0.2546269147
## 149 0.340 0.0003897124 0.2610862997
## 150 0.345 0.0003624291 0.2676288935
## 151 0.350 0.0003369293 0.2742531178
## 152 0.355 0.0003131057 0.2809573089
## 153 0.360 0.0002908571 0.2877397188
## 154 0.365 0.0002700877 0.2945985162
## 155 0.370 0.0002507069 0.3015317875
## 156 0.375 0.0002326291 0.3085375387
## 157 0.380 0.0002157734 0.3156136965
## 158 0.385 0.0002000635 0.3227581103
## 159 0.390 0.0001854274 0.3299685537
## 160 0.395 0.0001717971 0.3372427268
## 161 0.400 0.0001591086 0.3445782584

plot(c,type1,col = 'red')
points(c,type2,col = 'blue')

12
 0.30
0.20
type1

0.10
0.00

−0.4 −0.2 0.0 0.2 0.4

c[type1=type2]

## numeric(0)

13