DELHI PUBLIC SCHOOL RUBYPARK, KOLKATA

SESSION: 2025 - 2026

SUBJECT – SCIENCE ( PHYSICS)
CLASS – 9
CHAPTER–7 MOTION

CHAPTER AT A GLANCE

 A moving body changes its position with reference to a stationary reference point.
 Distance travelled is the actual length of the path covered by a moving body.
 The shortest path between the initial and the final position of the body is the displacement of
the body.
o The shortest path is always the straight-line path .
o Therefore the straight line path between the initial and final position of the
body is the displacement of the body.
 Differences between distance and displacement:
o Distance is scalar and has only magnitude.
o Displacement is vector and has both direction and magnitude.
o Distance travelled by a moving body cannot be zero but displacement can be zero.
o Distance is either more than or equal to displacement.
o Displacement cannot exceed distance travelled by a body.
 A body travelling equal distances in equal intervals of time is said to be in ‘uniform motion’.
 A body covering unequal distances in equal intervals of time is said to be in non-uniform
motion.
 Speed is distance travelled per unit time.
 Velocity is displacement of a body per unit time.
 Average speed is the total distance travelled by a body by the total time consumed.
GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATION OF MOTION
o Distance time graph
 Describes relation between time and distance.
 Slope of the graph gives us the speed of the body.
o Velocity time graph
 Describes relation between velocity and time.
 Slope gives us the acceleration.
 Area under the graph gives the displacement of the body.
 Distance-Time Graph
 The slope of distance-time graph indicates speed.

Distance-time graph for Distance-time graph for Distance-time graph for Distance-time graph for
a body at rest. As the a body moving with a body moving with non- a body moving with non-
slope is zero, so speed of uniform speed. uniform speed. uniform speed.
the body is zero. Slope of the graph is Slope of the graph is
increasing with time decreasing with time
which indicated that the which indicated that the
speed of the body is speed of the body is
increasing with time. decreasing with time.

 Velocity-Time Graph

 The area enclosed by the velocity-time graph gives the displacement of the moving body.
 The slope of the velocity-time graph gives the acceleration of the body.

A body When a body is When a body is When a body is

moving with When a body When a body is moving with moving with moving with a
a uniform starts from rest moving with increasing decreasing uniform
velocity. and moves with uniform acceleration. acceleration. retardation and
uniform acceleration and its initial velocity
The slope of acceleration. its initial velocity Slope decreases
AB indicates Slope increases with time. is not zero.
Greater is the is not zero. with time.
zero
acceleration. slope of v-t graph, As θ > 90°,
greater will be the graph has a
acceleration. negative slope.
EQUATIONS OF MOTION:
When an object moves along a straight line with uniform acceleration, it is possible to relate its velocity,
acceleration during motion and the distance covered by it in a certain time interval by a set of equations known
as the equations of motion.
 Velocity - time relation: v = u+ at [v = final velocity, u = initial velocity, s = distance, a =
uniform acceleration, t = time]
 Position - time relation: s = u t + ½ a t2
 Position - velocity relation: v2 = u 2 + 2 a s

Uniform circular motion

 All circular motions are accelerated motion.
 The body moving on a circular path may have a constant speed yet it will be accelerated.
 This happens due to constant change in direction of motion (velocity).

CHECK YOUR PROGRESS

Q1. Even when an object has moved through a distance, it can have zero displacement. If you
agree, support your answer with proper logic.

Q2. A driver drives around a rectangular track of sides 100 m by 250 m in 40 s. Calculate the
total distance moved by the driver. Also calculate his total displacement. What will be the total
displacement of the driver after the end of 2 minutes 20 seconds?

Q3. Distinguish between velocity and speed.

Q4. Under what condition(s) is the magnitude of average velocity of an object equal to its average
speed.

Q5. What is the nature of the distance-time graphs for uniform and non-uniform motion of an
object?

Q6. Aryan went from Delhi to Chandigarh on his bike. The bike’s odometer reads 4200 km at
the start and 4460 km at the end of the trip. If Aryan took 4 hours and 20 min to complete
his journey, find the average speed and velocity in km/h and m/s.
Q7. Draw a velocity versus time graph of a stone thrown vertically upwards and downwards
after attaining the maximum height.

Q8. Looking at a velocity-time graph, when will you say a body is in

a) uniform acceleration?
b) non-uniform acceleration?
c) zero acceleration?

Q9. A train starting from a railway station and moving with uniform acceleration attains a
speed of40 km h-1 in 10 minutes. Find its acceleration.

Q10. A girl walks along a straight path to drop a letter in the letterbox and comes back to
her initial position. Her displacement–time graph is shown in the figure below. Plot
a velocity-time graph for the same.

Q11. What can you say about the motion of an object if its speed-time graph is a straight
line parallelto the time axis?

Q12. What is the quantity which is measured by the area occupied below the velocity-time graph?

Q13. A bus starting from rest moves with a uniform acceleration of 0.1 m s-2 for 2 minutes. Find
a) The speed acquired,
b) The distance travelled

Q14. A train is travelling at a speed of 90 km h–1. Brakes are applied so as to produce a

uniformacceleration of – 0.5 m s-2. Find how far the train will go before it is
brought to rest.

Q15. How will the equations of motion for an object moving with a uniform velocity change?

COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS

Q1. A bike moves 45km on one litre of petrol. In a journey, the bike used up one litre of petrol.
Is it necessary that the displacement of the bike in the journey is 45km? Is it possible that the
displacement is 45km?
 Q2. A boy leaves his house at 9:30am for his school. The school is 2km away and classes start
at 10am. If he walks at a speed of 3km/h for the first kilometer, at what speed should he walk
the second kilometer to reach just in time?

Q3. The velocity-time graph of a particle moving along a straight line is given in the figure
below.

a) Is the particle moving in the positive direction at t=0?

b) Does the particle ever come to rest? If so, when?
c) Does the particle turn around? If so, when?

Q4. Three speed-time graphs given below:

Which graph represents the case of

a) A trolley decelerating to a constant speed and then accelerating uniformly?
b) A cricket ball thrown vertically upwards and returning to the hands of the thrower?

Q5. How will the equations of motion for an object moving with a uniform velocity change?

Q6. A car starts from rest and moves along the x-axis with constant acceleration 5 m s–2 for 8
seconds. If it then continues with constant velocity, what distance will the car cover in 12
econds since it started from the rest?