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Lecture-3

The document discusses the relationships between pixels in terms of adjacency, connectivity, and distance measures. It defines 4-neighbors, diagonal neighbors, and 8-neighbors, along with concepts of 4-adjacency, 8-adjacency, and mixed adjacency (m-adjacency). Additionally, it includes tasks related to distance calculations and visual representations of pixel relationships in given matrices.

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3 views11 pages

Lecture-3

The document discusses the relationships between pixels in terms of adjacency, connectivity, and distance measures. It defines 4-neighbors, diagonal neighbors, and 8-neighbors, along with concepts of 4-adjacency, 8-adjacency, and mixed adjacency (m-adjacency). Additionally, it includes tasks related to distance calculations and visual representations of pixel relationships in given matrices.

Uploaded by

praveena.22bce7873
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Basic Relationships Between Pixels

ü Neighbors of a Pixel A pixel p at coordinates (x, y) has four horizontal and vertical neighbors
4-neighbours of p, whose coordinates are given by

N 4 ( p) = ( x + 1, y ), ( x - 1, y ) , ( x, y + 1) , ( x, y - 1)
ü The four diagonal neighbors of p have coordinates N D ( p)

N D ( p) = (x+1, y+1), (x+1, y-1), (x-1, y+1), (x-1, y-1)

ü The eight neighbors


N8 ( p) = N 4 ( p) È N D ( p)
Adjacency, Connectivity, Regions, and Boundaries

ü Let V be the set of gray-level values used to define adjacency. In a binary image, V={1} if we
are referring to adjacency of pixels with value 1.
ü 4-adjacency
ü Two pixels p and q with values from V are 4-adjacent if q is in the set N4(p).

ü 8-adjacency.
ü Two pixels p and q with values from V are 8-adjacent if q is in the set N8(p).

ü m-adjacency (mixed adjacency). Two pixels p and q with values from V are m-adjacent if
ü (i) q is in N4(p), or
ü (ii) q is in ND(p) and N 4( p) Ç N 4(q) the set has no pixels whose values are from V
Adjacency, Connectivity, Regions, and Boundaries
Adjacency, Connectivity, Regions, and Boundaries
Adjacency, Connectivity, Regions, and Boundaries
Distance Measures
Distance Measures
Distance Measures
Distance Measures
According to the following intensity values of a 5*5 image, show the paths by drawing dashed lines for
4-adjacency,8-adjacency and m-adjaceny. let V={1,2,3}.
58342
48713
36183
82361
24693
Distance Measures
For a given 6*6 matrix answer the
following questions. Let V={0,1}.
Show the shortest 4-path, 8-path, m-
path between the shaded pixels.
Distance Measures
Compute the Euclidean, city block, m-neighbourhood and chess board distances
between the shaded pixels. Assume all pixels are of 1*1 size.

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