Lecture 1 :

Introduction to Microcontroller

Pangun Park
Chungnam National University
Information Communications Engineering

Some materials from

“The ARM Architecture” by ARM
“Embedded Systems – Shape the world” by Jonathan Valvano and Ramesh Yerraballi
1
 What is an Embedded System?
§ “An Embedded System is a computerized system that is purpose built for it’s
application.”
§ Embedded Systems are everywhere
Ø Any device that includes a programmable computer but is not itself a general purpose
computer.
What is an Embedded System?
Ø Ubiquitous, invisible, hidden (computer inside), dedicated purpose
Dedicated to one task
ØApplication-specific & run a system
computer specific program
which is built into a
Definition of an Embedded System
larger system or device
Low power & small & low cost
Ø • “An Embedded System is a computerized system that is
Often runs dedicated software for it’s application.”[1]
§ Application-specific
Often thereDefinition computer
to replace of system
an Embedded
previously which is
Systembuilt
electromechanical into a larger system or device
components
• “An Embedded System is a computerized system that isResources
• Limited purpose built
for it’s application.” [1] • Processing
• Memory
• Peripherals

• Limited Resources
Personal Computer2
• Processing
Co
• Memory
• Peripherals

Personal Computer2
[1]
Computer Server3

http://www.embedded-vision.com/sites/default/files/technical- articles/Altera/Fig1_hires.jpg
3 © 2014 Renesas Electronics America Inc. All rights reserved.
2
 Embedded Systems
§ A reactive system continuously
Ø accepts inputs
Ø performs calculations
Ø generates outputs
§ A real time system
Ø Specifies an upper bound on the time required to perform the input/calculation/output
in reaction to external events
Ø Interacts with physical environment
§ Microcontroller
Ø Processor + Memory + Input/Output Ports (Interfaces)
Medical
Embedded system Automotive

Microcontroller LM3S or TM4C Electrical,

mechanical, Communications
Processor chemical,
Military

I/O Ports or
RAM optical
devices
ROM DAC Analog Comsumer Industrial

Bus ADC signals

3
 Microcontroller vs General Purpose Computer

•MCU (Microcontroller) § General Computer

Ø Memory (RAM and ROM) all Ø Cache Memory, RAM and
on chip ROM External
Ø Peripherals (Serial data Ø Multiple Purpose
controllers, Analog to Digital
converters, Timers)
Ø Specific purpose (Low power,
Size constraints, Processing
constraints)

Pangun Park (CNU) 4

 We’ve Come a Long Way

§ Moore’s Law
Ø The density of transistors will double every two years

5
Embedded System at the Edge of the Cloud

Infrastructural
core

6
 More than Coding Lecture
§ Embedded systems is the BRIGDE between Cyber world and
Physical world: Internet of Things, M2M, etc
§ Deeply related to many areas: SW, HW, Data processing,
Machinery design, Biomedical operation, etc.
§ NOT Feasible to cover all aspects
Ø But we will have great fun!!

Embedded system
Microcontroller LM3S or TM4C Electrical,
mechanical,
Processor chemical,
I/O Ports or
RAM optical
devices
ROM DAC Analog
Bus ADC signals

7
 Contents
§ Embedded System
§ Advance RISC Machine (ARM)
§ Development Kits

Pangun Park (CNU) 8

 ARM

§ ARM: Advance RISC Machine

Ø RISC: Reduced Instruction Set Computation
§ Founded in November 1990
Ø Spun out of Acorn Computers
Ø ARM Holdings is a technology company headquartered in Cambridge,
England, UK.
§ Designs the ARM range of RISC processor cores
§ Licenses ARM core designs to semiconductor partners who
fabricate and sell to their customers.
Ø ARM does not fabricate silicon itself
§ Also develop technologies to assist with the design-in of the ARM
architecture
Ø Software tools, boards, debug hardware, application software, bus
architectures, peripherals etc

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 ARM Connected Community – 700+

Pangun Park (CNU) 10

 Huge Range of Applications

IR Fire Detector

Utility Exercise
Intelligent
Intelligent toys Meters Machines Energy Efficient Appliances
Vending
Tele-parking

Equipment Adopting 32-bit ARM Microcontrollers

Pangun Park (CNU) 11

 M Utility
IR Fire Detector
Exercise
Intelligent
Intelligent toys Meters Machines Energy Efficient Appliances
Vending
Tele-parking

ARM CortexRProcessors (v7)

Equipment Adopting ARM Cores
§ ARM Cortex-A family (v7-A): Application
Ø Applications processors for full OS
A
and 3rd party applications M Utility
IR Fire Detector
Exercise
Intelligent
Intelligent toys Meters Machines Energy Efficient Appliances
Vending

§ ARM Cortex-R family (v7-R): Real-time

Tele-parking

Source: ARM University Program Overview

R
Ø Embedded processors for real-time
signal processing, control applications Equipment Adopting ARM Cores
§ ARM Cortex-M family (v7-M):
A
Microcontroller ARM processor M families Utility
IR Fire Detector
Exercise
Intelligent

Microcontroller-oriented processors
Intelligent toys Meters Machines Energy Efficient Appliances

Ø
Vending
Tele-parking

Cortex-A series (Application) Source: ARM University Program Overview

for MCU and SoC applications
Cortex-A73

R capable of full Operating

High performance processors
System (OS) support
Cortex-A72
Cortex-A57
Cortex-A53
Cortex-A35
Applications include smartphones, digital TV, smart books Cortex-A17
Cortex-A32

Cortex-R series (Real-time) Cortex-A15

Cortex-A
A
High performance and reliability for real-time applications;
Cortex-A9
Cortex-A8
Cortex-A7
Applications include automotive braking system, Cortex-A5

powertrains Cortex-R8
Cortex-R7
Cortex-M series (Microcontroller) Cortex-R5
Cortex-R4
Cortex-R
Cost-sensitive solutions for deterministic microcontroller Cortex-M23, M33
Source: ARM University Program Overview
applications Cortex-M7
Cortex-M4
Applications include microcontrollers, smart sensors Cortex-M3 Cortex-M
Cortex-M0, M0+
SecurCore series for high security applications SC000
SC300 SecurCore
Earlier classic processors including ARM7, ARM9, ARM11 ARM11
families ARM9 Classic
ARM7

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 ARM processors vs. ARM architectures
ARM processors vs. ARM architectures
§ ARM architecture
Ø Describes the details of instruction set, programmer’s model, exception model,
ARM architecture
and memory map
Describes the details of instruction set, programmer’s model, exception model,
Ø Documented
and memory map in the Architecture Reference Manual
Documented
§ ARM in the Architecture Reference Manual
processor
ARM processor
Ø Developed using one of the ARM architectures
Developed using one of the ARM architectures
Ø More implementation details, such as timing information
More implementation details, such as timing information
Ø Documented
Documented in in processor’s
processor’s Technical
Technical Reference
Reference Manual
Manual

ARMv4/v4T ARMv5/ v4E ARMv6 ARMv7 ARMv8 Architecture

Architecture Architecture Architecture Architecture ARMv7-A ARMv8-A
e.g. Cortex-A9 e.g. Cortex-A53
Cortex-A57
ARMv7-R
e.g. Cortex-R4 ARMv8-R

ARMv8-M,
ARM v6-M ARMv7-M e.g.
e.g. Cortex-M0, M1 e.g. Cortex-M4 Cortex-M23,
M33
e.g. ARM7TDMI e.g. ARM9926EJ-S e.g. ARM1136

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 Binary Upwards Compatibility

ARMv7-M
Architecture

ARMv6-M
Architecture

Pangun Park (CNU) 14

 News
§ SoftBank’s $32 Billion Deal for Chip Designer ARM is Britain’s Biggest
Since Brexit –NY Times

삼성전자·애플·엔비디아, IPO
최대어 ‘Arm’에
투자…”2500만~1억 달러(300억-
1300억)규모”, 23.09.02

When Masayoshi Son, the billionaire Japanese technology

investor, solidified his control over his SoftBank internet
conglomerate last month, he told shareholders he still
wanted to “work on a few more crazy ideas.”

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 Contents
§ Embedded System
§ Advance RISC Machine (ARM)
§ Development Kits

Pangun Park (CNU) 16

 Board Overview

Development Kits : TM4C123G LaunchPad

The Tiva™ C Series TM4C123G LaunchPad Evaluation Board (EK-TM4C123GXL) is a low-cost
evaluation platform for ARM® Cortex™-M4F-based microcontrollers. The Tiva C Series LaunchPad design

§ Low-cost evaluation platform for ARM® CortexTM-M4F

highlights the TM4C123GH6PMI microcontroller USB 2.0 device interface, hibernation module, and motion
control pulse-width modulator (MC PWM) module. The Tiva C Series LaunchPad also features
programmable user buttons and an RGB LED for custom applications. The stackable headers of the Tiva
§ TivaC Series LaunchPad design highlights USB 2.0 device interface,
C Series TM4C123G LaunchPad BoosterPack XL interface demonstrate how easy it is to expand the
functionality of the Tiva C Series LaunchPad when interfacing to other peripherals on many existing
BoosterPack add-on boards as well as future products. Figure 1-1 shows a photo of the Tiva C Series
hibernation module, and motion control pulse-width modulator
LaunchPad.

§ Interfacing to many existing

Figure 1-1. Tiva C Series TM4C123G LaunchPad Evaluation Board
Power Select USB Connector
Switch (Power/ICDI) Green Power LED Tiva

BoosterPack add-on boards TM4C123GH6PMI

Microcontroller

USB Micro-A/-B Reset Switch

Connector
(Device)
RGB User LED
Tiva C Series
LaunchPad
BoosterPack XL
Interface (J1, J2, J3,
Tiva C Series
and J4 Connectors)
LaunchPad
BoosterPack XL
Tiva
Interface (J1, J2, J3,
TM4C123GH6PMI
and J4 Connectors)
Microcontroller

§ Warning!! MSP430
LaunchPad-Compatible
MSP430
LaunchPad-Compatible
BoosterPack Interface BoosterPack Interface

Ø Never rotate cables

Ø Turnoff and plug in/out User Switch 1 User Switch 2

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Tiva, MSP430, Code Composer Studio are trademarks of Texas Instruments.
 TI Microcontrollers

Part number RAM Flash I/O I/O modules

LM3S811 8 64 32 PWM
LM3S1968 64 256 52 PWM
LM3S2110 16 64 40 PWM, CAN
LM3S3748 64 128 61 PWM, DMA, USB
LM3S8962 64 256 42 PWM, CAN, Ethernet, IEEE1588 Launch
LM4F120H5QR 32 256 43 floating point, CAN, DMA, USB Pad
TM4C123GH6PGE 32 256 105 floating point, CAN, DMA, USB, PWM
TM4C123GH6PM 32 256 43 floating point, CAN, DMA, USB, PWM
TM4C123GH6ZRB 32 256 120 floating point, CAN, DMA, USB, PWM
TM4C1294NCPDT 256 1024 90 floating point, CAN, DMA, USB, PWM, Ethernet
KiB KiB pins

TM4C123 Connected
0x0000.0000 256 KiB
··· Flash LaunchPad
0x0003.FFFF ROM

0x2000.0000 32 KiB
··· Static
0x2000.7FFF RAM

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 Development Kits : IDE Keil

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