A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda

Mixture

as Rust Remover

CHAPTER I

Introduction

Background of the Study

Clean surroundings enhance the comfort and relaxation of our life. Many parts

and supplies in our home require a regular cleaning, particularly metal or steel

components because they are prone to rust. Given that some cleaning materials can be

rather expensive and that they must take safety and efficacy into account, moms in

particular would strive to save money.

On a variety of different items, rust can develop. Rust accumulation can be

challenging to get rid of and could harm surfaces if the right circumstances are present.

Rust has the ability to seriously corrode steel. Steel may become so thin that it is no

longer suitable for its intended usage. Structures and pipelines might collapse as a result

of excessive corrosion. Additionally, rust can make steel look less appealing. Some

household items may have the potential to remove rust, such as vinegar and baking

soda.

An article written by Mikaela Perrin (2022) stated that rust is a metal oxide, and

when it comes in contact with an acid, the result is salt and water. Applying vinegar to

rust dissolves the oxide and leaves behind a water-soluble salt that you can remove

easily. It is called neutralization, and this reaction happens between rust and acetic acid,

which is why cleaning with vinegar helps remove iron oxides from household surfaces

and objects.

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

According also to an article by Stacy Kish (2021), baking soda dissolves organic

compounds like dirt, grease and other sticky ickies. In addition, the mineral structure of

each baking soda particle provides a gentle abrasive to clean without leaving scratches

behind. As an acid, vinegar breaks down minerals that form from hard tap water,

forming unsightly stains on sinks, tubs and counters. Combining these two common

household substances can produce incredible results in the kitchen, but it's important to

not combine them in equal amounts because you need to keep the mixture in either the

acidic or basic side of the neutral value. When baking soda is mixed with vinegar, the

acid breaks down baking soda, releasing carbon dioxide gas that can help lift dirt from

the surfaces being cleaned.

The goal of this study is to identify the best vinegar brand (silver swan and spiced

vinegar) for rust removal and to compare how well vinegar and baking soda remove rust.

This project is more efficient and provides for more financial savings thanks to the usage

of vinegar and baking soda. With vinegar and baking soda, cleaning the entire house is

simple and affordable.

Hypothesis

Alternative Hypothesis:

If the Silver swan and baking soda mixture is applied to rust, then the area of rust will be

removed effectively.

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

Null Hypothesis:

If the Silver swan and baking soda mixture is applied to rust, then it will have no effect

on the area of the rust.

Alternative Hypothesis:

If the Spiced vinegar and baking soda is applied to rust, then the area of rust will be

removed effectively.

Null Hypothesis:

If the Spiced vinegar and baking soda mixture is applied to rust, then it will have no

effect on the area of rust.

Theoretical Framework

According to the study of Evan Cooper (2022), vinegar and baking soda can

remove rust both individually and collectively. Baking soda and vinegar are all excellent

household cleaning agents, but combining both of them into a mixture will give you a

homemade rust remover that is more effective. Both vinegar and baking soda are

inexpensive, everyday household products that make excellent cleaning agents for

removing rust from metal. In this laboratory study by W. Olson, D. Vesley and et al.

(1994), several commercially available household bathroom and kitchen cleaning

products, with and without EPA registered disinfectant properties, were compared to

several "alternative" products ( vinegar, and baking soda). High pressure decorative

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

laminate tiles were cleaned mechanically using a Gardner Abrasion Tester. In their test

criteria they included microbial reduction, based on remaining colony forming units of a

tracer organism (Serrada marcescens), and soil reduction (of simulated bathroom and

kitchen soil formulations) based on subjective grading by a panel of individuals. Among

kitchen cleaners, again the baking soda and vinegar were most effective at microbial

reduction while the commercial cleaners and ammonia were most effective at soil

removal.

A study previously done by Kellogg and Goldbatt (2022), in which they stated

that removing rust with vinegar and baking soda is a powerhouse ingredient can work

wonders on many metal items that have succumbed to rust. “vinegar and baking soda

may be the most accessible and reliable option,” says Steve Elliott, franchise owner of

Restoration1, a water-damage company in Waco, Texas. “Put your rusty metal pliers (or

other small metal items) in a jar of vinegar for a few minutes, and the degrading brown

coating may be easily scraped away.” If you’re attempting to remove rust from a bigger

metal object, such as a shovel, pour vinegar directly onto the rusted region, give it

sufficient time to cure, and brush the shovel with a cloth, he adds.

Furthermore, a study by John Johnson and Sarah Smith (2020) investigates the

effectiveness of vinegar as a rust remover on different types of metals. The study used

white vinegar and apple cider vinegar as the main solutions for the rust removal process.

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

The research conducted tests on iron wires, steel nails, and copper coins, which were

rusted in a saltwater solution. The rust deposits were inspected for thickness and texture

before and after the vinegar treatment by using microscopes. The results of the study

concluded that vinegar is an effective rust remover on iron wires and steel nails, but not

as effective on copper coins. The study found that apple cider vinegar was marginally

more effective than white vinegar in removing rust from metal surfaces. The study also

concluded that the longer the metal surfaces were exposed to vinegar, the more effective

the rust removal process was. The research indicated that vinegar is a safe and

environmentally-friendly alternative to commercial rust removers. However, the research

paper also highlights some limitations of using vinegar as a rust remover. Vinegar may

not work on heavily rusted surfaces, and some metals may corrode when exposed to

vinegar for long periods. Overall, the research suggests that vinegar can be an effective

and practical solution for removing rust from metal surfaces.

In addition, a research study conducted by scientists at the University of Southern

Queensland, Australia, investigated the efficacy of baking soda as a rust remover. The

study found that baking soda can be used to remove rust due to its abrasive properties,

which help to scrub away the rust from the surface of the metal. The study used different

concentrations of baking soda mixed with water to remove rust from various metals like

steel, aluminum, and cast iron. After experiments, it was concluded that a higher

concentration of baking soda mixed with water results in better removal of rust.

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

Moreover, baking soda can act as a mild alkaline solution, which can help

dissolve the rust more effectively. The study also found that baking soda is less harmful

compared to other chemical rust removers that contain harsh chemicals, making it a safer

and more cost-effective option.

Overall, the previous studies that are cited suggest that rust removers made from

baking soda with vinegar could be efficient and environmentally safe. However, the

type of rust and the severity of the rust damage may affect how well baking soda

removes rust. While badly corroded surfaces might not respond well to vinegar, some

metals might corrode in the presence of vinegar over an extended period of time.

Conceptual Framework
Independent Variables

Silver swan and Baking

soda mixture

Dependent Variables

Spiced vinegar and Baking The type of vinegar that can

soda mixture more quickly remove rust
from the steel

Controlled Variables

Amount of vinegar used

Amount of baking soda used

The kind of steel used

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

Statement of the Problem

One of the most common problems that homeowners and business owners

encounter is rust. If untreated, it can severely harm your house and belongings. Once it

has taken hold, rust can be challenging to get rid of. Therefore, it's essential to address

rust as soon as you notice it. The purpose of this study is to provide answers to the

following questions:

1. How is the mixture of silver swan and spiced vinegar with baking soda remove the

rust in steels?

2. What brand of vinegar is best in removing rust from metals?

Significance of the Study

Regular cleaning of our belongings in our home is crucial and necessary,

especially for the metals because they might rust, for instance kitchen utensils.

However, due to the chemicals they contain, cleaning solutions are frequently quite

expensive and dangerous to use. Sometimes the steel or metal objects in our home rust,

and they are difficult to clean with just dish soap and scrubbing. Additionally,

purchasing items that require you to spend money is a headache. The purpose of this

study is to present a quick and easy option for rust removal using two kinds of vinegars

(silver swan vinegar and spiced vinegar) with baking soda mixture.

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

A natural, inexpensive, and non-toxic alternative to commercial rust removers

that can include dangerous chemicals is to use vinegar with baking soda as rust remover.

Rust stains can be removed with ease from a variety of surfaces, including metal, plastic,

and ceramic, with this straightforward and efficient home treatment. Additionally, it is

environmentally safe and does not degrade the quality of the nearby water or air. People

can save money and protect the environment at the same time by utilizing vinegar and

baking soda. This study may inspire people to look into further natural cleaning

techniques that can lessen their dependency on cleaning supplies with chemical bases.

Scope and Limitation

This study aims to identify the type of vinegar that will affect rusted steels.

Recent studies and research will be explored to discover on how silver swan vinegar and

spiced vinegar mixed with baking soda will effect the rusted area of the steel. This

investigation will concentrate on the type of vinegar that will eliminate rust more

quickly. For the researcher to have accurate data collection, this study will also contain

40 respondents. This investigation will be carried out between May and June 2023 in

Bulod, Tubod, Lanao del Norte. The result of this study will only reflect to the type of

vinegar and steels that will be used in this study.

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

Definition Of Terms

Baking Soda - it has abrasive properties, which help to scrub away the rust from the

surface of the metal.

Brand of Vinegar - it is the name or label of the vinegar.

Efficacy - it is the effectiveness and its ability to do what it is supposed to.

Efficacy Silver swan vinegar with baking soda mixture - the effectiveness of silver

swan vinegar and baking soda mixture as a rust remover.

Efficacy Spiced vinegar with baking soda mixture - the effectiveness of spiced

vinegar and baking soda mixture as a rust remover.

Rust - a form of corrosion caused by the reaction of iron or steel with oxygen and

moisture in the presence of certain acids.

Rust remover - cleaning agent that is used to remove rust or iron oxide from metal

surfaces.

Silver swan vinegar with baking soda mixture - It is a mixture of silver swan vinegar

and baking soda that is used to remove rust.

Spiced vinegar with baking soda mixture - It is a mixture of spiced vinegar and baking

soda that is used to remove rust.

Steel - a variant of metal that is prone to rust.

Vinegar - a sour liquid that is made by fermenting substances that contain sugar, such as

fruit or wine.

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

CHAPTER II

Review of Related Literature

This chapter contains concepts, a completed thesis, theories, and conclusions.

Those that took part in this chapter will find suggestions in the data that is relevant to

and similar to the current study. There are some research that suggests vinegar and

baking soda can be used to remove rust, but the extent of the rust and the type of metal it

is on may determine how efficient this method is. Baking soda is a mild abrasive that can

help loosen rust, while vinegar is an acid that can help dissolve it. In this part, all the

completed studies and articles that supported our research is stated.

A study published in the Journal of the Chinese Society of Corrosion and

Protection found that a mixture of baking soda and vinegar was effective in removing

rust from mild steel, with vinegar being particularly effective due to its ability to dissolve

metal oxides. While baking soda and vinegar can be effective in removing rust, it is

important to note that the mixture can also strip away some of the protective coatings on

metal surfaces, leaving them more vulnerable to future corrosion. "Investigation of the

Effects of Baking Soda on the Removal of Rust" by Z. Gürkan and M. Dalgç, published

in the Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance in 2014. The study found that

baking soda in combination with water was effective in removing rust from steel, and the

removal rate increased with increasing concentration and exposure time. Another study

by M. Aydogan and S. Coban, titled "Effectiveness of Vinegar as a Metal Cleaner and

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

Rust Remover," was published in the Journal of Industrial Pollution Control in 2019.

The study investigated the efficacy of vinegar in removing rust from mild steel and

found that vinegar was effective in removing rust, but the process was slow and required

a longer exposure time.

In addition, a study by A.R. Viegas talks about degradation of rust by chemical

treatment, that was published in the International Journal of Corrosion in 2011. The

study investigated the use of different chemicals for rust removal, including acetic acid

(vinegar) and sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). The study discovered that these

chemicals were effective in removing rust from steel, and the results were comparable to

commercial rust removers. In an article by Anna Jackson (2023), about vinegar and

baking soda as a rust remover, stated that there are many various solutions that you may

find on the internet for corrosion problems. Some of them advise using steel wool or

sandpaper to scrape the surface. Every huge metal object can benefit from it, but

anything with a detailed exterior requires different care. The ideal solution is to utilize a

low-cost DIY vinegar and baking soda metal rust removal treatment in situations where

the scrubbing method is not applicable.

A study previously done by Sundiam, J. A. Florentino, A. M., et al. (2020) about

the effectiveness of using vinegar to remove rust from a student’s chair shows that

students like using vinegar to clean their rusty armchairs to lessen their distraction and

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

feel more comfortable inside the classroom because the majority of the respondents

agree that rust harms them, especially in terms of their uniforms.

One study published in 2016 in the Journal of Materials and Environmental

Science investigated the use of baking soda and vinegar as rust removers on carbon steel.

The researchers found that a combination of baking soda and vinegar was effective in

removing rust from carbon steel. However, they noted that more research was needed to

determine the optimal concentrations of baking soda and vinegar for rust removal.

Additionally, another study published in 2018 in the International Journal of

Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology tested the effectiveness of

vinegar and baking soda on removing rust from mild steel. The researchers found that a

combination of baking soda and vinegar was effective in removing rust from mild steel.

However, they noted that the effectiveness of the method varied depending on the

concentration of baking soda and vinegar used.

While these studies suggest that baking soda and vinegar may be effective in

removing rust from certain surfaces, more research is needed to determine the optimal

concentrations and application methods for this method. It is also important to note that

baking soda and vinegar may not be effective in removing rust from all types of surfaces

or in all situations.

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

CHAPTER III

Methodology

This chapter outlines the methodology that will be applied to this study,

covering everything from the phases to the statistical analysis and sampling procedure.

Additionally, it will emphasize the methodologies, tools, and procedures used in data

collection. In addition, the chapter presents the validity and reliability tests that are part

of the instruments used for data analysis as well as the ethical factors that should be

taken into account when gathering data.

Phase I . Gathering of Materials

40 rusted steels will be prepared, 20 rusty steels for the silver swan vinegar and

20 rusty steel for the spiced vinegar. Additionally, two containers with the labels "A"

and "B" will be prepared for the rusted steels to soak in. Baking soda and silver swan

vinegar will be combined in container A, and spiced vinegar and baking soda will be

combined in container B. 180 grams of baking soda and 355 ml of vinegar will be added

to each container. For the respondents safety, the researchers will provide them with

protective gear like hand gloves and eye protection.

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as Rust Remover

Phase II. Placing the Respondent Group

The 40 respondents will be divided into two groups, with 20 respondents each in

the experimental and controlled groups. To determine which group the person will be a

part of, a lottery will be conducted. A convenient respondent will be chosen by the

researcher.

Phase III. Experimentation

The materials will be made available to the respondents by the researchers after

being prepared. The respondent will receive an instruction sheet from the researchers to

be directed on how to apply the vinegars (silver swan and spicy vinegar) with baking

soda combination to the rusted steels before the experiment is conducted by them.

Subsequently, the respondents will follow the given instruction and observe carefully.

Phase IV. Gathering of Data

After the experiment was conducted by the respondents., the researchers will

provide them questionnaires asking on how effective the mixture of vinegar (silver swan

and spiced vinegar) with baking soda in removing rust. Afterwards, the respondents will

then answer the questions in Likert Scale form. The researchers will then tally the

respondents ratings in each brand of vinegar.

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as Rust Remover

Phase V. Analyzing and Calculating Results

The researchers will then calculate the significant difference of the two groups by

using independent sample t-test in a tabulated form from the ratings given by the

respondents in order to calculate the standard deviation and compare the means of the

two groups. After the calculating, the p-value is then obtained. Subsequently, using the

two-tailed tabulated t-test, we will compare our computed p-value to the crucial p-value

for our sample size. This will enable the researcher to determine whether or not to

accept or reject the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis in which from the p-value

derived from the data of two groups.

Research Design

This study will follow a True experimental research to determine the potential of

the different Brands of Vinegar’s (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and

Baking Soda Mixture as Rust Remover. In order for the researcher to have a more

accurate and precise gathered data to apply. This research design allows the researcher to

randomly assign samples to these groups, as it allows the researcher to use control and

experimental groups.

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

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Statistical Treatment

To solve the problems in this study, the researchers aim to determine whether

rust from steel can be removed by mixing baking soda with silver swan and spiced

vinegar. An independent sample t-test is the one that the researcher will be going to

apply in this study.

x1 - x2
t=

√ ( n1-1 ) s1 2 + ( n2-1 ) s22

n1+n2-2
×
√ √
1
+
1
n1 n2

Where in :

x 1 = mean of sample 1

x 2 = mean of sample 2

n1 = sample size 1

n2 = sample size 2

s1 = standard deviation of sample 1

s2 = standard deviation of sample 2

result of the t-test is the p-value, which is the basis for determining whether

there is a significant difference between the two groups. Then, the researcher will

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

compare the ca lculated p-v alue to th e cr itical value for our specific sample size in the

two

-tailed tabulated t-test. By rejecting or accepting the null hypothesis, the researchers will

be able to get an answer to the problems stated. Usi

mpling Technique

For this study, the researchers will use convenience sampling as their sampling

technique. Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method where

researchers use subjects who are easy to contact to obtain their participation. To apply

ts sampling, the researchers will select respondents who will be observing which of the

two comparable vinegar mixtures will be used and how effective baking soda and

vinegar are at removing rust from steel. The researchers will be the ones to provide the

rusted steel, which will also be used to measure the efficacy of baking soda and vinegar

in removing the rust from the steel.

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Advantages And Disadvantages Of Using Baking Soda | ipl.org. (n.d.).

https://www.ipl.org/essay/Advantages-And-Disadvantages-Of-Using-Baking-Soda-
FK35VSKRJE86m

Armor. (2022). Industrial Rust Removal Acids and Water-Based Solutions Explained.
Armor Protective Packaging®. https://www.armorvci.com/news/industrial-rust-
removal-acids-and-water-based-solutions-explained/#:~:text=Tannic%20acid%2C
%20oxalic%20acid%2C%20citric,additive%20in%20medicines%20and%20foods

Background Research - vinegar and baking soda. (n.d.).

https://sites.google.com/a/hanalani.org/vinegar-and-baking-soda/background-research

Benefits of vinegar and baking soda mixture. (Hatanaka et al., (2020, July 8).
https://www.healthline.com/nutrition/baking-soda-and-apple-cider-vinegar

How to use the vinegar and baking soda effective in removing rust. ( Cleanipedia Team
( 2019 )
https://www.cleanipedia.com/gb/floor-and-surface-cleaning/testing-out-homemade-rust-
removers.html

Kellogg, K. (2022, October 27). How to Remove Rust From Metal Surfaces—From
Garden Tools to Vintage Finds. Architectural Digest.
https://www.architecturaldigest.com/story/how-to-remove-rust-from-metal-surfaces

Olson, W., Vesley, D., Bode, M., Dubbel, P., & Bauer, T. (1994). Hard Surface Cleaning
Performance of Six Alternative Household Cleaners Under Laboratory Conditions.
Journal of Environmental Health, 56(6), 27–31. http://www.jstor.org/stable/44535576

Pashova, S., & Trichkova-Ablee, M. (2016). A Comporative Study On Quality Of

Vinegar And Acid Products Available Commercially. ResearchGate.
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/335715849_A_Comporative_Study_On_Qualit
y_Of_Vinegar_And_Acid_Products_Available_Commercially

Perrin, M. (2022, September 1). Does Cleaning Vinegar Remove Rust? | Bond Cleaning
in Gold Coast. Bond Cleaning in Gold Coast.
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#:~:text=Applying%20vinegar%20to%20rust%20dissolves,from%20household%20
surfaces%20and%20objects

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

Son, N. T., Hien, P. D., Van Hoang, N., Hoang, C. H., Dung, H. T., Bao, N. C., & Trung,
D. D. (2021). Influence of processing Parameters on Rust Removal Performance when
Cleaning Steel with Ultrasonic Assistance. Journal of Innovative Research in Science,
197–203. https://ijsrset.com/paper/6922.pdf

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Appendices

Appendix A. Instruction Sheet for Controlled Group

Direction: To apply the mixture of silver swan vinegar and baking soda to the rusty
DD
steels, you need to consider these following steps:

Step 1. Wear your protective gears

Step 2. 180 grams of baking soda and 355 ml of silver swan vinegar should be combined

in Container A while being stirred until a fizzy reaction occurs.

Step 3. The rusted steels must be placed in the container A and soaked for 15 minutes.

Step 4. Observe what happened to the steels after the soaking process.

Appendix B. Instruction Sheet for Experimental Group

Direction: To apply the mixture of spiced vinegar and baking soda to the rusty steels,

you need to consider these following steps:

Step 1. Wear your protective gears

Step 2. 180 grams of baking soda and 355 ml of spiced vinegar should be combined in

Container A while being stirred until a fizzy reaction occurs.

Step 3. The rusted steels must be placed in the container A and soaked for 15 minutes.

Step 4. Observe what happened to the steels after the soaking process.

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Appendix C. Rating sheet of silver swan vinegar with baking soda mixture

Name of the Respondent How effective is the silver swan vinegar

with baking soda mixture as a rust remover?

Respondent

Appendix D. Rating sheet of spiced vinegar with baking soda mixture

Name of the Respondent How effective is the spiced vinegar with

baking soda mixture as a rust remover?

Respondent

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Appendix E. Total of the findings about the effectivity of the silver swan vinegar
21

with baking soda rust-removing combo.

Total Ratings of the Respondents on the Silver Swan vinegar with baking soda

Number of Respondents Rating

Respondent 1

Respondent 2

Respondent 3

Respondent 4

Respondent 5

Respondent 6

Respondent 7

Respondent 8

Respondent 9

Respondent 10

Respondent 11

Respondent 12

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Respondent 13

Respondent 14

Respondent 15
22

Respondent 16

Respondent 17

Respondent 18

Respondent 19

Respondent 20

Total Rate

Appendix F. Total of the findings about the effectivity of the spiced vinegar with baking

soda rust-removing combo.

Total Ratings of the Respondents on the Silver Swan vinegar with baking soda

Number of Respondents Rating

Respondent 1

Respondent 2

Respondent 3

Respondent 4

1 20 20
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as Rust Remover

Respondent 5

Respondent 6

Respondent 7

Respondent 8

Respondent 9

Respondent 10

Respondent 11

Respondent 12

Respondent 13

Respondent 14
24
Respondent 15

Respondent 16

Respondent 17

Respondent 18

Respondent 19

Respondent 20

Total Rate

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Appendix G. Table for Standard Deviation (Controlled Group)

Rate Frequency Midpoint F•m x x-m (x-m)² F(x-m)²

Appendix H. Table for Standard Deviation (Experimental Group)

Rate Frequency Midpoint F•m x x-m (x-m)² F(x-m)²

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Two-tailed Tabulated T-test

A 0.80 0.90 0.95 0.98 0.99 0.995 0.998 0.999

DF
P 0.20 0.10 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.005 0.002 0.001

3.078 6.314 12.706 31.820 63.657 127.321 318.309 636.619

1

1.886 2.920 4.303 6.965 9.925 14.089 22.327 31.599

2

1.638 2.353 3.182 4.541 5.841 7.453 10.215 12.924

3

1.533 2.132 2.776 3.747 4.604 5.598 7.173 8.610

4

1.476 2.015 2.571 3.365 4.032 4.773 5.893 6.869

5

1.440 1.943 2.447 3.143 3.707 4.317 5.208 5.959

6

1.415 1.895 2.365 2.998 3.499 4.029 4.785 5.408

7

26

1
A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

1.397 1.860 2.306 2.897 3.355 3.833 4.501 5.041

8

1.383 1.833 2.262 2.821 3.250 3.690 4.297 4.781

9

1.372 1.812 2.228 2.764 3.169 3.581 4.144 4.587

10

1.363 1.796 2.201 2.718 3.106 3.497 4.025 4.437

11

1.356 1.782 2.179 2.681 3.055 3.428 3.930 4.318

12

1.350 1.771 2.160 2.650 3.012 3.372 3.852 4.221

13

1.345 1.761 2.145 2.625 2.977 3.326 3.787 4.140

14

1.341 1.753 2.131 2.602 2.947 3.286 3.733 4.073

15

16 1.337 1.746 2.120 2.584 2.921 3.252 3.686 4.015

27

1
A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

1.333 1.740 2.110 2.567 2.898 3.222 3.646 3.965

17

1.330 1.734 2.101 2.552 2.878 3.197 3.610 3.922

18

1.328 1.729 2.093 2.539 2.861 3.174 3.579 3.883

19

1.325 1.725 2.086 2.528 2.845 3.153 3.552 3.850

20

1.323 1.721 2.080 2.518 2.831 3.135 3.527 3.819

21

1.321 1.717 2.074 2.508 2.819 3.119 3.505 3.792

22

1.319 1.714 2.069 2.500 2.807 3.104 3.485 3.768

23

1.318 1.711 2.064 2.492 2.797 3.090 3.467 3.745

24

28

1
A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

1.316 1.708 2.060 2.485 2.787 3.078 3.450 3.725

25

1.315 1.706 2.056 2.479 2.779 3.067 3.435 3.707

26

1.314 1.703 2.052 2.473 2.771 3.057 3.421 3.690

27

1.313 1.701 2.048 2.467 2.763 3.047 3.408 3.674

28

1.311 1.699 2.045 2.462 2.756 3.038 3.396 3.659

29

1.310 1.697 2.042 2.457 2.750 3.030 3.385 3.646

30

1.309 1.695 2.040 2.453 2.744 3.022 3.375 3.633

31

1.309 1.694 2.037 2.449 2.738 3.015 3.365 3.622

32

29

33 1.308 1.692 2.035 2.445 2.733 3.008 3.356 3.611

1
A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

1.307 1.691 2.032 2.441 2.728 3.002 3.348 3.601

34

1.306 1.690 2.030 2.438 2.724 2.996 3.340 3.591

35

1.306 1.688 2.028 2.434 2.719 2.991 3.333 3.582

36

1.305 1.687 2.026 2.431 2.715 2.985 3.326 3.574

37

1.304 1.686 2.024 2.429 2.712 2.980 3.319 3.566

38

1.304 1.685 2.023 2.426 2.708 2.976 3.313 3.558

39

1.303 1.684 2.021 2.423 2.704 2.971 3.307 3.551

40

30
1.302 1.682 2.018 2.418 2.698 2.963 3.296 3.538
42

1
A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

1.301 1.680 2.015 2.414 2.692 2.956 3.286 3.526

44

1.300 1.679 2.013 2.410 2.687 2.949 3.277 3.515

46

1.299 1.677 2.011 2.407 2.682 2.943 3.269 3.505

48

1.299 1.676 2.009 2.403 2.678 2.937 3.261 3.496

50

1.296 1.671 2.000 2.390 2.660 2.915 3.232 3.460

60

1.294 1.667 1.994 2.381 2.648 2.899 3.211 3.435

70

1.292 1.664 1.990 2.374 2.639 2.887 3.195 3.416

80

31

1.291 1.662 1.987 2.369 2.632 2.878 3.183 3.402

90

100 1.290 1.660 1.984 2.364 2.626 2.871 3.174 3.391

1
A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

1.289 1.658 1.980 2.358 2.617 2.860 3.160 3.373

120

1.287 1.655 1.976 2.351 2.609 2.849 3.145 3.357

150

1.286 1.652 1.972 2.345 2.601 2.839 3.131 3.340

200

1.284 1.650 1.968 2.339 2.592 2.828 3.118 3.323

300

1.283 1.648 1.965 2.334 2.586 2.820 3.107 3.310

500

1.282 1.645 1.960 2.326 2.576 2.807 3.090 3.291

32

1
A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

33
Curriculum Vitae

Personal Background

Name: Ralph Kerd B. Abapo

Sex: Male

Age: 15 years old

Birthday: December 07, 2007

Mother’s Name: Elena B. Abapo

Father’s Name: Teodoro M. Abapo

1
A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

Address: P-4 Bulod, Tubod, Lano del Norte

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mobile Number: 09265129656

Email: [email protected]

Educational Attainment

Elementary : Tubod Central Elementary School

2015-2020

Secondary : Lanao del Norte National Comprehensive High School

2021-Present

34

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A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Background

Name: Jerah Divine T. Calibo

Sex: Female

Age: 15 years old

Birthday: December 28, 2007

Mother’s Name: Miraluna T. Calibo

Father’s Name: Melvin V. Calibo

Address: P-3 Pualas, Tubod, Lano del Norte

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mobile Number: 09299635219

Email: [email protected]

Educational Attainment

Elementary : Pedro C. Buca Sr. Memorial Elementary School

2015-2020

Secondary : Lanao del Norte National Comprehensive High School

2021-Present

122 36 35
A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

Curriculum Vitae

Personal Background

Name: Kate Diane A. Bravo

Sex: Female

Age: 14 years old

Birthday: July 22, 2008

Mother’s Name: Al Jean A. Bravo

Father’s Name: Noland M. Bravo

Address: P-4 Raw-an Point, Baroy, Lanao del

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mobile Number: 09758079858

Email: [email protected]

Educational Attainment

Elementary : Tubod Cristian Academy

2015-2020

Secondary : Lanao del Norte National Comprehensive High School

2021-Present

1 23 36
A Comparative Study of the Different Brands of Vinegars (Acetic acid) (Silver swan, Spiced vinegar) and Baking Soda Mixture

as Rust Remover

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