UNIVERSITY OF ZULULAND

UMNYANGO WEZILIMI ZESINTU

NOBUGUGU

AZUL241 IPHEPHA LESIBILI

UKUXHUMANA

AFUNDISWA NGU: DKT S.L NTULI KANYE

NO DKT G.B MYENI

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OKUQUKETHWE
Inhloso yemojuli
1 Isingeniso

2.Ukuqonda ulimi
2.1 Imithetho yokubhala/yokuloba
2.2 Izimpawu zokuloba
3. Ukubhalwa kwamaminithi
4. Ukubhalwa kwencwadi
4.1 Izinhloso ezibalulekile zezincwadi
4.2 Izimpawu ezisemqoka zezincwadi
5.Ukubhalwa kwemeyili
6. Ukubhalwa kwencwadi yefa/iwili
6.1 Iwili
6.2 Umlando kamufi
7. Izikhangisi
7.1. Ukuphendula izikhangiso zomsebenzi
8. Imemorandamu
9. Ukugcwalisa ifomu
10. Ukwethulwa Kwenkulumo
11. Ulimi olubhalwayo nolimi olukhulunywayo
12. Ukusebenza ngawedwana kanye nokusebenza ngamaqoqo
13.Ukubhalwa kwe-eseyi
14.Ukuvezwa kwemithombo yolwazi

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FUNCTIONAL ISIZULU AZUL241
IPHEPHA 2

1ISINGENISO
Inhloso yemojuli
Lolu ulimi olusiza abantu ukuba bakwazi ukwenza izinto eziphathelene nempilo yabo yansuku
zonke. Inhloso yale mojuli ukufundisa abafundi indlela okuyiyo yokusetshenziswa kolimi.
Ulimiluyithuluzi lokwenza izinto ezahlukahlukene empilweni. Ngenxa yokufunda
nokufundiswa, abantu bazithola besezindaweni ezahlukahlukene ikakhulukazi lezo
zemisebenzi, nalezo ezihlanganela umphakathi emazingeni ehlukene. Ukufakazela lokhu,u-
Olaniyan (1982) uthi:
Language ….subdivide into two groups from the point of view of function and
usage or social role. Some of them are used in conducting everyday life, whereas
others are used only for restricted purpose.

Ezinye izilimi zisetshenziselwa ukuqhuba impilo nezidingo zansuku zonke kanti ezinye
zisetshenziselwa izimo ezithile kuphela. Nokho-ke ulimi njengolimi lwangempela,
kumele lukwazi ukusetshenziselwa zonke izidingo zempilo. Ngale kwalokho kungasho
ukuthi aluwuphelelisi umsebenzi walo. Kuwumsebenzi wabanikazi bolimi ukuba babone
futhi baqinisekise ukuthi ulimi luyazifeza zonke izidingo zalo. Lokhu kukhombisa
ukuhti kufanele kube nobudlelwane obuqinile phakathi kolimi nabantu
abalusebenzisayo.

2. UKUQONDA ULIMI NEMITHETHO YOKUBHALA

2.1 LUYINI ULIMI?
Ulimi isikhali semicabango nokuxhumana. Iphinde ibe wumnyombo wesiko esho okuthile
okwenziwa ngendlela efanayo phakathi kwabantu kwakha ukuqonda kangcono umhlaba
abaphila kuwo. Ukufunda ukusebenzisa ulimi ngokuyimpumelelo kwenza abafundi ukuthola
ulwazi, ukuchaza ubuzwe, imizwa nemibono, ukuhlangana nabanye, nokulawula umhlaba
wabo. Liphinde lunikeze abafundi inhlanganisela yezimpawu ezinothile, ezinamandla
nezijulile zemifanekiso nemibono engasetshenziswa ukwakha umhlaba ukunaloku oyiko;
ongcono nocacile ukunokuyiko. Kwenzeka ngokusebenza kolimi ukwehluka kwamasiko

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nokuxhumama komphakathi kuvele kuphindekwakheke, kanti kwenzeka ngokusebenza kolimi
ukuthi ukwakheka kubuye kuchibiyelwe, kubebanzi kubuye kucoliseke.

Ngokubona ukwahlukahlukana kwezilimi namasiko aseNingizimu Afrika, izakhamuzi

zakhona kumele zikwazi ukuxhumana ngazo zonke izilimi ngokungahlangabezani
nezingqinamba zolimi, baqinisekise ukuhlonipha nokuqonda amasiko nokuphathelene
nezilimi. Ukwahlukahlukana kwezilimi kwamukelwa futhi kwenziwa igugu
nguMthethosisekelo wezwe ngokuthi wenze izilimi eziyi-11 zibe semthethweni zihambisane
neNqubomgomo yoLimi emFundweni yobuliminingi obengezayo. Abafundi baphoqelekile
ukufunda okungenani izilimi ezimbili njengeziyisiSekelo kanti ezinye izilimi zingafundwa
njengeziwuMongo kanye / noma ezokuziKhethela. EmKhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha
Jikelele ukuthuthukiswa kakhulu kolwazi lolimi lwasekhaya lomfundi kuyagcizelelwa ukuze
akwazi ukuba afunde nezinye izilimi zokwengeza

Njengoba ufunda esikhungweni esiphakeme lapho kusetshenziswa khona izilimi

ezahlukene. Nazi izinto okumele uzicabange:

a) Yiluphi ulimi lwakho lwasekhaya/lwebele?

b) Yiluphi ulimi lesibili lokwengeza?
c) Yiluphi olunye ulimi olwaziyo?
d) Waifunda kanjani lezo zilimi?
e) Uzisebenzisa kuphi futhi kanjani lezi zilimi?
f) Uyavumelana nokuthi zonke izilimi ozaziyo nangendlela ozisebenzisa ngayo zikhombisa
noma ziveza ubuthina njengabantu?

ULimi LwaseKhaya: ULimi Lwasekhaya lomfundi kudingeka ukuba lwesekelwe futhi

luthuthukiswe ukuze lunikeze isendlalelo esiqinileyo sokufunda izilimi zokwengeza.
EmKhakheni wemFundo nokuQeqesha okuQhubekayo, zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni
zaseNingizimu Afrika zinemiPhumela yokuFunda yoLimi LwaseKhaya esezingeni
eliphakeme, engaqhathaniswa nezinga lomhlaba jikelele. Lokhu kuhambisana nezidingo
zomthethosisekelo zokulingana kwezilimi ezisemthethweni. Izinga lolwazi lolimi lwasekhaya
kufanele lube sezingeni elingenza ukuba lusetshenziswe njengolimi lokufunda nokufundisa.
Amakhono okulalela nokukhuluma kumele kugqugquzelwe ukuba athuthukiswe, acolisiswe
kodwa kuleli zinga makugcizelelwe ukuthuthukisa amakhono okufunda nokubhala omfundi.

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ULimi LokuQala LokweNgeza: Ukufunda ulimi lokuqala lokwengeza kugqugquzela ulwazi
lokukhuluma izilimi eziningi nokuhlangana ngezamasiko nokuxhumana. Imiphumela yoLimi
LokuQala LokweNgeza inikeza amazinga obuchwepheshe olimi ahlangabezana nesiqalo
samazinga adingekayo ekufundeni ngempumelelo ohlelweni lonke, njengoba abafundi
bengafunda ngoLimi LokuQala LokweNgeza esimweni saseNingizimu Afrika. Lokhu kufaka
amakhono olimi okucabanga nokufunda adingekayo ekucabangeni nasekufundeni. Lokhu
kubhekiswe kuzo zonke izilimi ezisemthethweni. Kuzoba khona ukugcizelela okulinganayo
kwamakhono okulalela, okukhuluma, okufunda nokubhala.

ULimi LwesiBili LokweNgeza: Ukufunda ulimi lwesibili lokwengeza kuqhubela phambili

ulwazi lokukhuluma izilimi eziningi nokuxhumana ngokwamasiko. Nanoma amakhono
okufunda nokubhala ezothuthukiswa, kuleli zinga kuzogcizelelwa ukuthuthukisa amakhono
okukhuluma nokulalela. Izinga loLimi LwesiBili lokweNgeza kufanele libhekise
ekuthuthukiseni ukuxhumana phakathi kwabantu.

2.2.2 IMITHETHO YOKUBHALA

Imithetho efakwe lapha yileyo ebonakale kunesidingo sokuthi ifakwe. Kucashunwe nje
phezulu, kanti kayiphelele yonke. Ngamaphutha ekubonakala ephindaphindeka kubabhali
besiZulu kukhethwe lena elandelayo. Le mithetho icashunwe kwiPanSALB Imithetho
yokubhala nobhalogama lwesiZulu (2008: 29-43) Le mithetho izosiza kakhulu labo abathanda
ukufunda ulimi.
Inqubomgomo yiyona equbulela zonke izikhungo zemfundo ukusebenzisa izilimi
ezisemthethweni zaseNingizimu Afrika.
“Inqubomgomo yolimi kwezemfundo kunoma yiliphi ilizwe ayikaze yanelise. Imbangela
yaloko: Inkolo, ezombusazwe, umphakathi kanye nesimo somnotho.ENingizimi Afrika
uhulumeni wengcindezelo usebenzise ulimi njengesikhali sokuphatha kwezombusazwe.
ImfundoyaseNingizimu Afrika yayiphethwe ngesiNgisi nangesiBhunu. Isidingo sokufunda
ngolimi lomdabu sasibukelwa phansiengekho amalungelo olimi. Inqubomgomo yolimi
kwezemfundo ikhishwe kahle ngonyaka wezi-2005. Lona ngumbiko oqhamuka noMnyango
wezeMfundo”.

Umthetho wokuqala
Ukuncikana konkamisa.
EsiZulwini akuvunyelwa ukulandelana konkamisa egameni elilodwa.

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Ukulandelana konkamisa

kugwenya ngalezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

1a. Ukugaxa usingankamisa u-y noma u-w phakathi konkamisa.
Isibonelo: uinki = uyinki, uoyela = uwoyela

1b. Ukuhlukaniswa ngekhonco (-)

Isibonelo: uinki = u-inki, uoyela = u-oyela

1c. Ukugaxa ugovana u-hh.

Isibonelo: iapula = ihhabhula, iofisi = ihhovisi

1d. Ukubalumbanisa
Isibonelo: izincwadi zaumthetho a+u = o
Izincwadi zomthetho
1e. Ukweqiwa kukankamisa ngokuthanda
Isibonelo: umthwalo omkhulu = umthwal’ omkhulu
1f. Ukweqiwa kukankamisa ngempoqo.

Umthetho wesibili
Ikhongco/hyphen (-)
Lisetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi kokubhaliwe.
1. Ezinombolweni
Lokho okubhalwe ngezinhlamvu kusuke kumele okuyiziqalo, bese kuhlukaniswa ngekhongco,
bese
kulandela okuyinombolo okumele isiqu.
Izibonelo: ihora lesi-3 (lesithathu) amaphoyisa angama-40 (amashumi amane) unyaka wezi-
2004 (wezinkulungwane ezimbili nane)
NB. Kubalukile ukuthi uma kwenziwa lolu hlobo lwamagama axube izinhlamvu kanye
nezinombolo, kushiwo ngalolo limi olubhaliwe, kungashiwo ngesiNgisi.
Isibonelo: abantu abayi-10 (shumi) akulungile ukuthi abantu abangu-10 (theni)

2. Amagama athathwe kwezinye izilimi enjalo

Isb. Yi-paracetamol

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3. Amagama ezindawo ezithile
Isb. KwaZulu-Natali

4. Ukunqanyulwa kwamagama ekupheleni komusho:

Isb. Intombazane igencwe ngembazo iloli-we

5.Ezibongweni ezihlanganise ezimbili

Isb. Mlambo-Ngcuka

2. Emagameni aqala ngonkamisa

Lifakwa ikhongco lapho isiphongozo sesiZulu sisebenza negama eliqala ngonkamisa u-Anele,
uinki.

3. Ukunqanyulwa kwamagama ekupheleni komugqa

Uma ngabe igama linqanyulwa ekupheleni komugqa, kuqikelelwa ukuthi linqanyulwe
ngekhongco
emva konkamisa.
Isibonelo: abafana ababili sebeha-mba (kulungile)

Umthetho wesithathu
Osonhlamvukazi/Ofeleba/Onobumba
1. Emabizweni akhomba ubuzwe/ubuhlanga:
Isibonelo: umZulu, oMnyama, abeLungu

2. Amagama akhomba izilimi:

Isibonelo: isiZulu, isiTswana, isiVenda

3. Amagama asho izinyanga zonyaka

Isibonelo: uZibandlela, uMasingana, uNhlolanja njll.

3. Izinsuku zesonto
Isibonelo: uMsombuluko, uLwesibili, njll

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4. Izihlonipho nezikhundla zabantu
Isibonelo: uDokotela, uMnumzane, uNkosikazi

5. Amagama ezindawo
Kufakwa usonhlamvukazi ohlamvini lokuqala lwesiqu
Isibonelo: iGoli, uKhahlamba, oThukela

2.2.3 IZIMPAWU ZOKULOBA

1. Ungqi/full stop (.)
Ungqi utholakala ekupheleni komusho.
Isb: UBiyela uyindoda efuye kakhulu.

2. Ukhefana/Comma (,)
Ukhefana usetshenziswa ukwehlukanisa…
Umshwana okhonzile emshweni oyinhloko
Imishwana emibili ezimele ngokwehlukana yabe isixhunywa
Izenzo ezahlukene ngokulandelana kwazo kanye nohla lwamabizo alandelanayo
Amagama nezikhundla uma isikhundla silandela igama
Isb. Izingane ezihlala nesalukazi ziyedelela, ngoba azikhuzwa muntu.
Isb. Umama uyakhala, ugogo uyahleka.
Isb. Uyathenga, apheke, aphake bese edayisa.
Isb. Kukhona imoto, ibhasi, isitimela kanye nebhanoyi.
Isb. UMbatha, umshumayeli waseWeseli.

3. Ukhefanangqi/Semicolon (;)
Ukhefanangqi usetshenziswa…
Ukukhombisa ukuma noma ukuthula kancane okungaphezulu kwalokho
kukakhefana,kodwa okungekude njengalokho kwekhefu.
Ukuhlukanisa imiqondo ehlobene noma enobudlelwano elandela ikholoni.
Isb. Emva kokuba eselotsholiwe, wahambisa umbondo; bamamukela emzini.
Isb. Usomlomo kumele abize umhlangano; amukele onke amakhansela asemhlanganweni bese
ehola umhlangano.

4. Ungqingqi/ikholoni/colon (:)

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Ungqingqi usetshenziswa…
Esikhundleni sika-“njengokuthi”, noma “kanje”
N.B. akudingeki ukuba lolu phawu lusetshenziswe ngokweqile.
Ukwethula izinhla, ukwehlukanisa amabinzana, imishwana, okucashuniwe kanye
nokushiwoyo.
Ukwehlukanisa phakathi kwenkundla nesigcawu somdlalo
Izahluko kanye namavesi eBhayibheli
Isb. Inkundla II: V
Isb. Izaga 31:4

5. Umbabazi/isibabazi/exclamation mark (!)

Umbabazi usetshenziswa ukukhombisa …
Ukuphoqa
Ukumangala
Ukwethuka
Ukungakholwa okushiwoyo
Ukuthinteka kakhulu
Isb. Nakhu ngilingwa bo!

6. Umbuzi/isibuzi/ Question mark (?)

Umbuzi usetshenziswa ….
Ekugcineni kombuzo oqondile
Lapho khona umuntu ecela khona usizo
Isb. Usuqome kangaki?
Isb. Ungasiza ungithengele amaswidi?

7. Ungqingqingqi (okuqhubekayo)/ellipse (…)

Ungqingqingqi usetshenziswa….
Ukukhombisa ukuthi kukhona okushiywe ngamabomu ezintweni eziqhubekayo
Isb. Lala sthandwa… uphumule.

8. Abacaphuni/inverted commas (“”)

Abacaphuni basetshenziswa….

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 Ukufaka phakathi noma babiyele inkulumo ecashuniwe, Amagama okudlala, Izihloko
zezincwadi, Amagama kanye nezinhlelo ezithile
Abangabodwana bamela lokho okucashuniwe ngaphakathi kokucashuniwe
Isb. UJesu washumayela wathi; “Mina ngiyindlela neqiniso.”
Isb. “Uma lowo ethi, ‘Ngiyintombi nto,’ usuke eqamba aluhlaza.”

9. Abakaki/izibiyelo/ parenthesis ( ) { }[ ]
Abakaki basetshenziswa …..
Ukufaka incazelo noma amagama anomqondo ofanayo ( )
Labo abayizikwele basetshenziswa kubhalogama [ ]
Labo ababandakanyayo basetshenziswa ukubiyela amagama, imigqa noma izinombolo
okudingeka ukuba zibe ndawonye, zingehlukaniswa. { }
Isb. Umdlandla (ugqozi, ufuqufuqu, usikisiki, isasasa).

10. Isimeliluhlamvu/ Apostrophe (‘)

Isimeliluhlamvu sisetshenziswa…….
Njengesiphumuzi
Njengophawanaws
Ukukhombisa unkamisa oweqiwe
Isb. Leth’ imali yami

11. Isigqamisi (bold)

Isigqamisi sitshenziswa ….
Ukugcizelela okuthile
Isb. Phendula imibuzo emithathu kwelandelayo.
Isb. Khetha okungesilona iqiniso kule mibuzo engezansi

12. Utsheku/italics
Utsheku lusetshenziswa….
Uma igama lithathwe njengoba linjalo kolunye ulimi
Ukugqamisa okucashuniwe ngaphandle kokusebenzisa abacaphuni
Ukubhala isihloko sencwadi phakathi nombhalo
Isb1: Umuntu oyi-parasite akafuneki
Isb2: Zidumile izibongo ezithi: Umlilo wothathe kaMjokwane.

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Isb3. Encwadini Kunjalo-ke

13. Ukudwebela/underlining
Ukudwebela kusetshenziswa…..
Ukugcizelela izinhlamvu noma amagama
Ukugqamisa izinhlamvu noma amagama
Isb: Umfo

Izifinyezo zezithakazo
Dokotela> Dkt.
Solwazi> Slz.
Nkosazane> Nkz.
Nkosikazi> Nkk.
Mnumzane> Mnz./Mnu.
Mfundisi> Mfn./Mfu

Indabuko yezinyanga
ISIZULU INCAZELO ISINGISI
UMasingana – Inyanga lapho beqala January
khona ukusinga (peering)
ukuthi izithombo ziyavuthwa
yini.
uNhlolanja – Inyanga eyethiwa ngezinja February
ngoba kusuke kuyisikhathi
lapho amaduna efuna
izinsikazi.
uNdasa – Kulapho ifutho (young March
green mielies) liqala ukuba
liningi khona, nokunye
okudliwa ekwindla.
uMbasa – Sekuqalwa ukubasa, April
izinkuni sezomile.

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 uNhlaba –Inhlaba (aloe) iqala May
ukuqhakaza
uNhlangulana – Lapho kuqala khona June
umoya oletha izintuli
namaqabunga ahlanguleke
ezihlahleni.
uNtulikazi – Inyanga eba nezintuli July
ezimbi. Imvula ayisani kulesi
sikhathi
uNcwaba – Utshani buba luhlaza emva August
kwezimvula, ubusika
sebudlulile
uMandulo – Uma kuqala kumila September
izithombo, izimpande.
uMfumfu – Ummbila uyamfumfuza October
(uyavela) emasimini.
Ukuqala kokukhula
kwekhaba lommbila
uLwezi –Le nyanga iqanjwe November
ngesilokazana ulwezi
esiqhamuka ngalesi sikhathi
sonyaka.
uZibandlela – Izindlela sezicinene December
(sezenile) ngenxa yokuna
kwemvula.

Izinkathi Zonyaka
IsiZulu Incazelo English
Ihlobo – kuluhlaza yonke indawo Summer
Ubusika – kusikwa utshani Winter
Intwasahlobo – imvelo iba luhlaza Spring
Ikwindla – Ukuvuthuluka Autumn
kwamaqabunga ezithombo

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 3. UKUHBALWA KWAMAMINITHI OMHLANGANO
Isimemo somhlangano

Isimemo somhlangano siyincwadi ehlanganisa uhlelo lomhlangano ememela emhlangweni amalunga

enhlangano ethile. Isimemo somhlangano siba nohlelo lomhlangano ukuze amalunga omhlangano azi
kusenesikhathi okuzokhulunywa ngakho emhlanganweni. Lokhu kusiza amalunga afike emhlanganweni
esezilungiselele ukuthi azothini ngezihloko ezizodingidwa emihlanganweni.

Izimemo kufanele ziveze ngokusobala lokhu okulandelayo:

 Usuku okuzohlanganwa ngalo.
 Indawo lapho kuzohlanganelwa.
 Isikhathi okuzohlanganwa ngaso.
 Igama lomhlangano.
 Igama likanobhala nekheli lakhe.
Isimemo somhlangano singabhalwa njengencwadi noma njengezimemo ezejwayelekile.

Okumele kwenziwe ngaphambi kokubiza umhlangano

Qinisekisa ukuthi indawo okuzobanjelwa kuyo umhlangano yanele
Nquma inhloso yomhlangano
Hlela amaphuzu amqoka
Yiba nomqondo ophusile
Nikeza wonke umuntu ozoba yingxenye yomhlangano ulwazi mayelana nomhlangano
Beka isikhathi sokuvula nesokuvala umhlangano
Yiba nazo zonke izinsiza ongahle uzidinge ukusakaza, kungaba ukusebenzisa amaphepha
noma ubuchwepheshe besimanje.

Okufanele Kwenzeke emhlanganweni

Umhlangano kumele uqale ngesikhathi
Qhuba ingxoxo ngokubambisana
Ungavumeli izingcingo
Bhala phansi amaphuzu asemqoka okuvunyelwene ngawo

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 Okumele kwenziwe ngemuva komhlangano
Bhala phansi lokhu okuvunyelenwe ngakho
Akulandelelwe
Khethani umuntu noma abantu abazoqinisekisa ukuthi konke kuyenzeka.

Isibonelo
Isimemo somhlangano wekomidi laseNdalaza lokunikezela ngobisi ezinganeni ezintulayo
(N.M.R.C) Womhlaka 15 kuZibandlela 1988. Ehholo lomphakathi.

Amalunga athembekile ekomidi laseNdalaza, Indonsa ayamenywa emhlanganweni oyoba sehholo

lomphakathi ziyi-15 kuZibandlela ngehora leshumi-10:00.

H. Mmvemve
1181 Gumede Road
Sibongile Location
Nongoma
3100

Uhlelo lomhlangano

1 Ukuvula
2. Ababekhona
3. Abakhona nabaxolisile
4. Amaminithi omhlangano odlule
5. Okuvuka emaminithini
6. Ezintsha
7. Ezivelayo
8. Ukuvala

I-Agenda namaminithi omhlangano

Amaminithi omhlangano angokufingqiwe okwakukhulunywa ngomlomo emihlanganweni. Abhalwa
agcinwe ngenhloso yokulondoloza okwakukhulunywa kwavunyelwana ngakho ukuze kungalibaleki,
kungalahleki, nezinqumo zigcineke. Lowo obhala amaminithi kumele aqikelele ukuthi akabhali konke
okukhulunywa emihlanganweni, kepha kubhalwa iziphakamiso nezinqumo. Amagama abethule
iziphakamiso kanye nalabo abasekelile kuyenzeka abhalwe. Akumele lowo obhala amaminithi abhale
ukuphaphalaza, ukuphikisana, ukwedelela kanye nokuxabana.

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Uma umuntu ekhuluma nge-ajenda akwenzeki angakhulumi ngamaminithi omhlangano kanjalo nalapho
ekhuluma ngamaminithi kuthinteka ne-ajenda yomhlangano. Ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukuthi uthisha
afundise abafundi i-ajenda yomhlangano kanye namaminithi omhlangano kanyekanye. Kumele kwenzeke
okufanayo nalapho abafundi sebevivinywa, babuzwe nge-ajenda kanyekanye namaminithi omhlangano.

I-Agenda yomhlangano wekomidi laseNdalaza lokunikezela ngobisi ezinganeni

ezintulayo (N.M.R.C) Womhlaka 15 kuZibandlela 2020. Ehholo lomphakathi. Ngehora
leshumi ekuseni.
1. Ukuvula
2. Abakhona nabaxolisile
3. Ukufundwa kwamaminithi omhlangano udlule
4. Ezivuka emaminithini
5. Ezintsha
5.1 umbiko kamemukelisi wobisi
5.2 iminikelo engenileyo
5.3 imizamo yokuthola izimali zokuqhuba umsebenzi
6. Ezivelayo
7. Ukuvala

Amaminithi omhlangano wekomidi laseNdalaza lokunikezela ngobisi ezinganeni

ezintulayo (N.MR.C).
Usuku : 15 kuZibandlela 2020
Isikhathi: 10:00
Indawo: Ehholo lomphakathi

1. UKUVULA
Umhlangano wavulwa uSihlalo weKomiti ngo-14hoo. Wvula ngeculo elithi “Nkosi
sihlangene” wase ethandaza.
2. ABABEKHONA NABAXOLISAYO
Amalungu ayekhona uNkk T.C Mavundla (uSihlalo), uNksz. R. Dlomo (uNobhala),
uMnu C.W Ndida (uSikhwama), uMnu. P.C. Shongwe noNkk. M.F Hlongwane.
Abaxolisayo: Abekho

15 | P a g e
 3. UKUFUNDWA KWAMAMINITHI
Amaminithi omhlangano odlule afundwa uNobhala, owabe esephakamisa ukuba
emukelwe njengayiqiniso. Isiphakamiso sesekelwa uMnu. Ndida, umhlangano
wawemukela amaminithi njengoba enjalo.
4. EZIVUKA EMAMINITHINI
UMnu. Shongwe wabuza ukuthi uNobhala wayesezilobile yini izincwadi zokubonga
imali engumnikelo eyabe ivela kwabesitolo sakwaMkhapheli General Dealer, Kanye
nowawuvele eBandleni iChrist Church lakhona lapha eNdalaza. UNobhala waphendula
wathi wabe esezibhalile wazithumela.
5. EZINTSHA
a) Umbiko kamemukelisi wobisi
UNkk Hlongwane ungumemukelisi wobisi lwale nhlangano ezinganeni ezintulayo
wabikela ikomiti lokhu:
I. Isibalo sezingane ezidinga ukwemukeliswa ubisi sesikhuphuke
ngezingane eziyishumi ngaphezu kwalezo ezingama-55 ebezivele
zilwemukela.
II. Ngenxa yokwanda komsebenzi wakhe ucela ukuba atholelwe
ozomelekelea
Mayelana nombiko (i) uNksz Dlomo esekwa uMnu. Ndida, waphakamisa ukuba
isabelo sobisi sengezelwe ngamalitha amahlanu ukuze nezingane ezintsha eziyi-10
ziluthole. Umhlangano wasivuma lesi siphakamiso. Maqondana nombiko (ii)
umhlangano wavumelana ngokuthi uzoke ulucabangisise lolu daba, bese luphinde
luxoxwe emhlanganweni ozayo.
b) Iminikelo eyangena
UNobhala wethula le mnikelo:
i. Owe-240 owabe uvela enhlanganweni yamakhosikazi uVumazonke
ii. Owe-300 owabe uvela egalaji lakwa-Posh Motors
Amasheke alezi zimali uNobhala wawethula kuSikhwama. UNkk Hlongwane
waphakamisa ukuba uNobhala abhalele abanikelile abonge. Wesekwa uMnu.
Shongwe, isiphakamiso semukelwa umhlangano.
c) Imizamo yokuthola izimali zokuqhuba umsebenzi
Amalungu aveza le mibono yokuthola izimali zokwengezelela esikhwameni
senhlangano:
i. Ukwenza umncintiswano wendlamu

16 | P a g e
 ii. Ukuthengisa izimpahla ezingxubevange(jumble sale)
iii. Ukudayisa amafetikuku.
6. EZIVELAYO
Azibanga khona
7. UKUVALA
Umhlangano wavalwa ngo-15h20 ngomthandazo owenziwa uNkk. Hlongwane

4. UKUBHALWA KWEZINCWADI
Ukubhalwa kwezincwadi kungenye yezindlela ezindala nezijwayelekile zokuxhumana. Yize
noma kuya ngokuncipha kulezi zikhathi zanamuhla, kodwa kuselokhu kukhona. Imbangela
yokuncipha kokubhalwa kwezincwadi, ukwenyuka kwezinga lethekhinoloji. Ingxenye
yohlobo lwezincwadi eyehle kakhulu yileyo yezincwadi zobungani (Friendly letters) Kanye
neziqondene nabantu nje (personal letters). Uhlobo lwezincwadi zemisebenzi nezinye
ezihambisana nalokho lusalokhu lukhona.

4.1 IZINHLOBO EZIBALULEKILE ZEZINCWADI

1. Ezobungani obunhlobonhlobo, umndeni Kanye nezihlobo.
2. Incwadi ebhalwe ngokusemthethweni
3. Ezamabhizinisi/ uhwebo (business)
4. Ezombuso (official)
5. Ezabahleli bamaphephandaba
6. Incwadi ngomlando womuntu.
Izingxyenye zencwadi ezisemqoka
Ikheli: lena yingxenye ebalulekile uma kubhalwa incwandi. Umuntu obhala incwadi uqale
abhale ikheli lakhe, okufanele libhaleke kanje: ikheli lakhe eligcwele kufanele lilandelwe
usuku incwadi ebhalwe ngalo. Uma kubhalwa ikheli azidingeki nhlobo iziphumuzi. Ikheli
libhalwa phezulu ekhoneni lesandla sokudla ekhasini lokuqala lencwadi.
Uma kubhalwa incwadi yokuhweba yombuso noma yomhleli wephephandaba, kubhalwa
amakheli alabo bantu noma ezinkampani abasebenza kuzo. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokushiya
umugqa emva kwekheli lalowo obhala incwadi bese kubhalwa ikheli lalapho kubhalelwa khona
esandleni sokunxele. Okubalulekile ngamakheli ukuthi abhalwa aqonde ngalapho kuqaliswa
ngakhona ukubhala.

17 | P a g e
Isibingelelo: Lena yingxenye yencwadi ebalulekile ngoba iyona ekhombayo ukuthi ubhalela
bani. Iyakhombisa futhi ukuthi nijwayelene noma nihlobene kanjani nalomuntu ombhalelayo.
Singabuye ikhombe futhi ukuthi lowo muntu ombhalelayo ungakanani noma ukuliphi izinga
le mpilo kanti futhi sibuye sikhombe nokuthi uyibuphi ubulili.
Izinhlobo zezibingelelo singazehlukanisa kanje:
Izinhlobo zezincwadi eziya kubantu nje kuye ngezinga lobungani.
 Uma ubhalela umngani ungambiza ngegama noma ngezihasho zakhe isb: Sibongile,
Dumisani.
 Uma ubhalela abazali ungathi baba/mama noma umbize ngesithakazelo
 Uma unbhalela izihlobo zakho ungathi dadewethu, mfowethu, malume, mzala etc noma
ubabize ngesithakazelo. Abakini ozalwa nabo noma labo olingana nabo ungababiza
ngamagama abo.

Izincwadi zomsebenzi nezinye ezihambisana nazo

 Isibingelelo salolu hlobo lwezincwadi sibhalwa siphelele singanqanyulelwa yize
zikhona izinqamulelo zakhona isb: Nkosazana, Mnumzane njl.
 Ngemuva kwesibingelelo kushiywa umugqa bese kubhalwa isihloko saleyo nto
ofuna ukubhala ngayo.
NB: Azifakwa izimpawu nasesibingelelweni.

Umzimba wencwadi: Le yingxenye ebalulekile ekubhalweni kwencwadi. Kulapho

umbhali wencwadi asho khona lokho afuna ukukusho. Lokhu kufanele akusho
ngendlela ecacile, ngokuphelele, kafushane nangokucophelela. Uma kubhalelwa
ukuhlolwa akumele kusetshenziswe ulimi oluvamile lwasendaweni kodwa kumele
kusebenze lolu olwamukelekile ekufundeni nasekufundiseni. Oluvamile
lungasetshenziswa abantu abasuke besibhalela nje ngobungani kodwa hhayi
ngokomsebenzi wesikole Kanye nezinye izinto ezibalulekile.
Umzimba wencwadi wehlukaniswa amabinzana/izigaba. Ileso naleso sigaba kufanele
siqale ekuqaleni komugqa. Isigaba sikhuluma ngento ethize enomqondo owodwa. Uma
kubhalwa incwadi aluvumelekile ulimi oluhlambalazayo nolunamagama aqosheme.
Kubalulekile ukuba kusetshenziswe ulimi oluzwakalayo. Izigameko namaphuzu
akulandelane kahle.

18 | P a g e
 Isiphetho: Kubalulekile ukuthi isiphetho sibe nobudlelwane nesiqalo esisetshenzisiwe.
Isiphetho sibhalwa ekugcineni kwencwadi ngasesandleni sokunxele. Nalapha futhi
kubalulekile ukushiya umugqa ngaphambi kokuba sibhalwe.
Encwadini yobungani kungavaleliswa kanje:
Yimina umngani wakho
u-Amanda

Ezincwadini zomsebenzi kungavaleliswa kanje:

Yimina noma Yimina
uNomasonto Nzama u S.T Mpanza

Yimina noma Yimina

u K.K Dlomo u Dkt N.G Zuma
(uMphathisikole)
(uMqoqizikweletu)
(uMfudisi)

4.2 IZIMPAWU EZISEMQOKA ZEZINCWADI

1. Ezobungani obunhlobonhlobo, umndeni nezihlobo.

 Umbhali uyakhululeka kuye ngokuthi uhlobene kanjani noma ungakanani kulowo

ambhalelayo.
 Indikimba iba nezigaba ezahlukaniswe umugqa.

2. Izincwadi zomsebenzi nezinye ezihambisana nazo.

Incwadi eya kumhleli wephephandaba
 Kumele ibe mfushane
 Ayisebenzisi izinhlamba
 Ayicace ibhalwe ngesandla esibonakalayo
 Umbhali akabhale igama lakhe nekheli

3. Ezinye izincwadi zomsebenzi

 Ziba nendikimba eyodwa

19 | P a g e
  Kusetshenziswa amagama afigqiwe
 Ziba namakheli amabili kodwa ikheli lesibili alibhalwa usuku.

4. Incwadi ebhalwe ngokusemthethweni

Izimemo
 Umuntu wesithathu kumele asetshenziswe kuze kuyophela
 Le cwadi ayinaso isibingelelo nesiphetho
 Kusetshenziswa ulimi olusemthethweni
 Alisayinwa igama lomuntu lapha.

Nasi isibonelo sencwadi yobungani:

1620 Dlamini 1
P.O. Chiawelo
Soweto
1818
16 Ncwaba 2009

Zwelakhe

Uhambo lwami ngisuka lapho kwaNongoma ngiza ngapha eGoli lwaba luhle futhi lwaba mnandi kakhulu.

Umshayeli owayeshayela itekisi kwakuyimvu yinkosi. Abantu engangigibele nabo babezijabulele becula
kumnandi kudelile. Umshayeli wasidlalela amaculo omasikandi sisuka lapho saze sazofika ngapha eGoli.
Abagibeli kwakungathi babetshelene ngoba babecula bonke belekelele omasikandi. Bangamagagu abantu
bangakini uyezwa! Indlela angiyizwanga neze.

ESoweto ngafika liqeda kushona nje. Kwaba ukungena nje ekhaya zathi mbo izingane zakithi zifuna
ngizixoxele ngohambo lwami. Zazibuza inkithikithi yemibuzo, zifuna ukwazi kabanzi ngendawo
yakwaNongoma, ezigcina ukuzwa ngayo ezindabeni. Kwathi lapho umama eqhaqha isipho engasiphiwa
kubaba wakho bajabula bonke endlini.

Kuzomele sihlele maduze nje ngiphinde ngize lapho. Phela ngayithanda leya ntombi yakwaNxumalo. Pho
yinhle yini madoda! Sengathi ngiyayibona lapho seyihleka kuthi faca izihlathi. Uzele ubaba uNxumalo
uyezwa! Ungakhohlwa phela ukude ungikhonzela kuyo.

Yize kusamisiwe ukuqasha efemini yethu, ngizoloku ngiqhubeka nokukukhulumela kubaphathi. Uhlalele
ethembeni wena izinto zizolunga.

20 | P a g e
 Khonza kubo bonke lapho ekhaya.

Yimina umngani wakho

uSenzo

Incwadi yokuzichaza (CV)

Incwadi yokuzichaza ngumbhalo ongumlando womuntu ngamafuphi. Lo mbhalo uba nemininingwane

yakhe, imfundo yakhe, imikhakha aseke wahlabana kuyona, imisebenzi aseke ayenza kanye
nemininingwane yabantu abangathintwa ukufakaza ngaye. Le ncwadi isetshenziswa ngumuntu ofuna
umsebenzi ngenhloso yokuzichaza ngamafuphi kumqashi. Ngokujwayelekile incwadi yokuzichaza
kumele ibe nemininingwane elandelayo:

1. IMINININGWANE EPHATHELENE NAMI

Isibongo :
Amagama :
Usuku lokuzalwa :
Inombolo kamazisi :
Izwe engazalelwa kulo :
Ubulili :
Ulimi olukhulunywa ekhaya :
Izindimi engizikhulumayo :
Ikheli lasekhaya :
Ikheli lasemsebenzi :
Inombolo yocingo yasekhaya :
Inombolo yocingo yasemsebenzini :

2. IMINININGWANE EPHATHELENE NOKUFUNDA

Igama lesikole :
Isitifiketi :
Izifundo :
Unyaka :

3. UMSEBENZI
Igama lenkampani :
Indawo :
Umsebenzi engiwenzayo :
Isikhathi ngenza lo msebenzi :

4. IMINININGWANE EPHATHELENE NEMPILO YANGASESE

Imidlalo engiyikhonzile :
Imidlalo engibambe iqhaza kuyo :
Okunye kokuzijabulisa engikwenzayo :

5. ABANTU OKUNGABUZWA KUBO NGAMI

21 | P a g e
Nansi imininingwane edingekayo ngabo:
Amagama nezibongo, indlela ohlobene nabo ngayo noma izikhundla zabo, amakheli abo kanye
nezinombolo zabo zocingo.

Nasi isibonelo sencwadi yokuzichaza:

INCWADI YOKUZICHAZA KANOMBULELO KHAMBULE

1. IMINININGWANE EPHATHELENE NAMI

Isibongo : Khoza
Amagama : Nomzamo Celiwe
Usuku lokuzalwa : 06 Meyi 1985
Inombolo kamazisi : 8505060722084
Izwe engazalelwa kulo : Ningizimu Afrika
Ubulili : Ngingowesifazane
Ulimi olukhulunywa ekhaya : IsiZulu
Izindimi engizikhulumayo : IsiZulu, IsiNgisi isiBhunu nesiPutukezi
Ikheli lasekhaya : PO Box 20611
Johannesburg
2196
Ikheli lasemsebenzini : 6 Woodmead News
26 Tiger Road
Saxonworld
Pinetown
3610
Inombolo yocingo yasekhaya : (011) 873 8106
Inombolo yocingo yasemsebenzini : (035) 874 7982

2. IMINININGWANE EPHATHELENE NOKUFUNDA

Igama lesikole : Nkodibe Secondary School
Isitifiketi : Matekuletsheni
Izifundo : IsiZulu, English, Afrikaans
Biology, Geography; History
Unyaka : 2004

3. UMSEBENZI
Igama lenkampani : KFC
Indawo : Durban
Umsebenzi engiwenzayo : Umsizi wamakhasimende
Isikhathi ngenza lo msebenzi : Nhlangulana 2008 kuze kube manje

4. IMINININGWANE EPHATHELENE NEMPILO YANGASESE

Imidlalo engiyikhonzile : Ibhola lomnqakiswano
Okunye kokuzijabulisa engikwenzayo : Ukufunda izincwadi nokulalela umculo

5. ABANTU OKUNGABUZWA KUBO NGAMI

5.1 Igama nesibongo : Nksz. Z.G. Mkhwanazi
Isikhungo : Nkodibe High School
Isikhundla : Uthisha owayengifundisa
Ucingo : (011) 984 3501

22 | P a g e
 Umakhalekhukhwini : 084 578 9453

5.2 Igama nesibongo : Mnu. M.M Dube

Isikhungo :
Isikhundla : Imenenja
Ucingo : (031) 874 7982
Umakhalekhukhwini : 082 301 7879

Incwadi eyakuMhleli

Incwadi eya kuMhleli ifana nencwadi yomsebenzi kepha kukhona nakuyo okudingeka sikuqikelele
ngayo. Le incwadi –
 Iveza uvo lombhali wayo ngento ethile.
 Inika imininingwane ethile ukuze leyo mininingwane yaziwe umphakathi.
 Ikhala ngokuthile. Kuyavama ukuba uma umuntu enezikhalo azikhiphe ephephandabeni
kunoma aziqondise lapho zifanele ukuya khona. Inhloso ukwenza abaphethe bazazi
izikhalo zomphakathi nabanye bazame ukulungisa lokho okungalungile ngokushesha ukuze
bangahlambalazeki. Kwenye inkathi umbhali usuke enziwa ukuthi abaphethe basuke
bengaziphenduli ngokufanele izikhalo zomphakathi.
 Ibuza okuthile kubafundi bephephendaba, kepha ibe iqondiswe kumhleli.

Uma umuntu ebhala lolu hlobo lwencwadi kumele aqikelela lokhu -

 Incwadi iqondiswa kuMhleli. Noma ngabe uphendula okuthile okuvele ephephandabeni kepha
yena uqondana noMhleli.
 Iphephandaba lizama ukonga isikhala ngakho-ke alikufuni ukuthemeleza.
 Iphephandaba alifuni ukuqhatha umphakathi, ngakho-ke amazwi ayinhlamba noma ajivazayo
aliwafuni.
 Incwadi kufanele ibe nekheli eliphelele lombhali, igama nesibongo. Uma umbhali engathandi
kukhishwe igama lakhe lempela, uyasho kodwa libekhona elempela liphelele futhi.
 Isihloko sendaba angazibhalela yena phezulu encwadini yakhe, kodwa uMhleli angasiguqula
ngokubona kwakhe.
 Incwadi ayisayinwe umbhali ukuze iphephandaba livikeleke.
 Ukugxeka ngokwakhayo kuyindlela esebenza kahle kakhulu kulolu hlobo lwencwadi.
UMhleli unelungelo lokuthi angayikhiphi mpela mpela incwadi uma ebona kunesidingo.

23 | P a g e
Nalu uhlaka lwencwadi eyakuMhleli:

Bhala ikheli lalowo obhalayo

Usuku
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Isikhundla salowo obhalelwayo
Bhala ikheli lalowo obhalelwayo
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Isibingelelo
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Bhala isihloko obhala ngaso, bese usidwebela
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Isingeniso – Bhala ngamafuphi isizathu sokuthi kungani ubhale le ncwadi.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Umzimba – Bhala wenabe ngesihloko ubeke izizathu zakho. Lokhu
kungaba yizigaba ezimbili noma ezintathu.
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Isiphetho sendikimba – Phetha indikimba yencwadi yakho.

xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Isiphetho sencwadi siba negama nesibongo sobhalayo, kanye
nobulili noma isikhundla.

5.UKUBHALWA KWEMEYILI (email)

I-imeyili yindlela yobuchwepheshe yokuthumela imibiko, izithombe nokunye ngendlela esheshayo
kusetshenziswa amakhompuyutha. Le ndlela inhle kakhulu ngoba umuntu ukwazi ukuthumela ngisho
umbhalo ongamakhasi amaningi ngesikhashana nje. Lapho umuntu othunyelelwe umbhalo eseqedile
ukuwufunda uyakwazi ukuwugcina ukuze aphinde awufunde esikhathini esizayo uma kuvela isidingo.
Nalowo owuthumele uyakwazi ukugcina ubufakazi bokuthi nebala wawuthumela umlayezo ngelanga
elithile.

Ngenxa yobuchwepheshe ukubhala imeyili ikona okwenza ukuxhumana kube lula futhi kusheshe.
Kwezinye izindawo uma udinga usizo oluthile uyabuzwa ukuthi ufisa ukuthi baxhumane nawe
ngencwadi noma ngemeyili. Abantu abaningi baye bakhethe imeyili ngoba iyakwazi ukugcina lokhu
obekukhulunywa ngakho, kanti incwadi ingaduka noma yonakale uma ingahlezi kahle. Inhloso
yokubhalwa kwemeyili yikho ukuxhumana. Imeyili ifana ncamashi nencwadi kodwa umehluko ukuthi
khona awubhali ikheli kodwa ubhala imeyini yalowo ombhalelayo. Kunendawana la ofaka khona imeyili
yomuntu wesithathu uma ufisa ukuthi naye abe yingxenye yengxoxo enikhuluma ngayo.
Nazi izinto okumele uziqaphele:

 Ukuthi ubhale imeyili yalowo muntu ngempela awudidekanga.

 Qikelela ukuthi unayo intanethi ngoba imeyili ayihambi uma ungenayo.

24 | P a g e
Njengoba wenza encwadini kumele usebenzise ulimi elwamukelekile ekufundiseni
nasekufundeni ikakhulukazi uma ubhalela abasemagunyeni. Uma ubhalela umngani wakho
ungabhala nje noma ngayiphi indlela ngoba kusuke kungasiyo into ehlelekile (formal).
Uma ubingelela usebenzisa igama noma isibongo salowo muntu ombhalelayo. Kuye kube
kuhle ukuthi ufake ne-title yakhe uma umazi.Isb Mr,Ms,Miss, Mrs, Dr, Prof.

Isivaleliso: Uma usuvalelisa kumele ubhale ukuthi imeyili isuka kubani ungangeza
nangeminye imininingwaye yakho isb: isikhungo osebenza kuso, umsebenzi owenzayo,
inombono yocingo Kanye nemeyili.

Nasi isibonelo:

Isuka ku: [email protected]

Iya ku: [email protected]

Ikopishe u: [email protected]

Isihloko: Izilokotho ezinhle

Sawubona Solwazi Zakwe

Ngifisa ukuthatha leli thuba ngikuhalalisele ngokuphumelela kwakho esicelweni sakho

somfundaze wokubhala ucwaningo.

Ngikufisela konke okuhle usazoqala ucwaningo lwakho. Sengathi lungaba yimpumelelo.

Ozithobayo
Dr P.P Ngcongo
Umfundisi wesiZulu
EMnyangweni wezolimi labomdabu namasiko.
E: [email protected]
T: 035 902 1111

25 | P a g e
6.UKUBHALWA KWEWILI/INCWADI YEFA

6.1 IYINI IWILI

Iwili ingachazwa njengencwadi yefa lapho umuntu echaza khona izinhloso zakhe ngendlela
afisa kwabiwe ngayo amafa akhe ngesikhathi esedlulile emhlabeni. Lencwadi yefa kumele
yenzeke ngendlela ehambisana nesigaba somthetho esibizwa ngokuthi I Will Act “Act 7 of
1953”.
Lesi sigaba somthetho obizwa ngokuthi Wills act sibalula ngokucacilelo ngemigomo kanye
nemibandela okumele ilandelwe ukuze incwadi yefa ibe nazozonke izinhla ezibalulwa
ilomthetho.
Incwadi yefa ingenziwa noma ubani oneminyaka engaphezulu kweminyaka eyishumi
nesithupha (anyone above the age of 16).
Iwili incwadi esemqoka kakhulu okumele wonke umuntu osekulungele ukuba nayo ayenze.
Isiza ukufeza izinhloso zakho ngamafa owashiyile ngesikhathi ufa. Kanti futhi isiza ukuvikela
abathandiweyo bakho ngoba akukho okwenzekayo okungale kwalokhu okubhalwe phansi.
Lokho kunciphisa inzondo emndenini Kanye nosomathuba abahlezi begaqele amafa abantu.

Okudingekayo uma kwenziwa incwadi yefa (Will)

Incwadi yomthetho iba ngeyamukelekile emehlweni omthetho uma yenziwe kulandelwa
lemigomo elandelayo: -
 Incwadi yefa kumele isayindwe umbhali wayo phambi kofakazi ababili.
 Kumele umbhali wencwadi yefa asayine wonke amakhasi alencwadi phambi kofakazi
ababili.
 Umbhali wencwadi yefa kumele abe neminyaka engaphezu kweshumi nesithupha.
 Incwadi yomthetho ivumeleka kuphela uma ibhaliwe.
 Ofakazi ababili kumele babe neminyaka eyishumi nane kanye nangaphezulu
 Ofakazi nabo basayine phambi kombhali wencwadi yefa

Incwadi yefa ingabhalwa inoma kuphi (akudingeki kuze kube umeli oyenzayo). Akhona
amabhange akwazi ukulekelela labo abafuna ukubhala incwadi yefa. Okubalulekile uma

26 | P a g e
 kubhalwa le ncwadi ukuthola ulwazi olwanele ukuze kugwemeke ukuba ne wili engahambisani
nemithetho egcina ingasasebenzi ngokulindelekile.
Umuntu obhala incwadi yefa kanye nalabo abangofakazi angeke bakwazi ukuhlomula kulelifa
elabiwa kule ncwadi (testator and the witnesses cannot benefit for the inheritance of the same
will).
Umuntu obhala incwadi yefa ulindeleke ukuthi aqinisekise ukuthi uyayichitha yonke imiyalelo
eke yaba khona phambilini noma acacise uma kunezichibiyelo kule ncwadi
Kubalulekile ukuthi incwadi yefa ibe ngequkethe yonke imininingwane ecacileyo ngalabo
ekumele bahlomuhle kula mafa emva kokuthi esedlulile emhlabeni. Uma ingekho le ncwadi
yefa ngesikhathi sokudlula emhlabeni kunezinye izindlela ezilandelwayo zokwaba amafa
okungasho ukuthi zibeka phambili izifiso zalowo odlulile emhlabeni.
Incwadi yefa ingabhalwa numuntu ngamunye futhi ingabhalwa ngokuhlanganyela abantu
ababili kuya phezulu ikakhulukazi abashadikazi.

6.1 UMLANDO KAMUFI

Nazi izinto ezibalulekile okumele zishiwo ngomuntu ongasekho: Amagama akhe aphelele, usuku
azalwa ngalo, ezalwa ngobani, ezalelwaphi, izikhungo zemfundo adlula kuzona, wazuzani emfundweni
yakhe, izindawo asebenze kuzona, izikhundla azitholile, usuku ahambe ngalo emhlabeni, abantu
abayigazi lakhe abashiya emhlabeni njengomyeni wakhe noma unkosikazi, izingane, abazali,
abazukulu, nokunye okubonakalayo ukuthi kungesale.

Uma kubhalwa umlando ngomufi, kuqalwa ngesihloko esigqamile esinamagama akhe aphelele, bese
kubhalwa konke-ke lokhu esesikubalile ngenhla. Ekugcineni kungaphethwa ngomusho omfushane
wokumvalelisa, njengokuthi: Lala uphumule, Mntungwa, noma iNkosi mayikuphe umphumulela
wafuthi noma-ke ngamanye nje amagama anesizotha.

Nasi isibonelo somlando kamufi:

Umlando kaGinqikhanda Ananius Luthuli ongasekho emhlabeni

UGinqikhanda Ananius Luthuli wazalwa mhla zingama-23 kuNtulikazi 1937 eMnambithi, eMatiwaneskop.
Uyindodana yamagcino kaFunukwenzani noNonomzotho Luthuli. Waqala imfundo yakhe yamabanga
aphansi eCwembe BC School. Emva kokuphasa ibanga lesine washiya isikole wayosebenza kwaNonjoloza
lapho asebenza iminyaka engamashumi amathathu engumshayeli kagandaganda. Wendlule emhlabeni mhla
ka-3 kuNhlaba 2009. Ushiye emhlabeni inkosikazi yakhe uThangithini, abantwana bakhe abalishumi kanye
nabazukulu abangama-25. Lala uphumule Mshibe, iNkosi ayikuphe umphumulela wafuthi.

27 | P a g e
 7.IZIKHANGISI
Ukukhangisa yindlela yokuheha abantu ngento ethile ethengiswayo ngenhloso yokuthi bagcine
sebeyithengile yize bebengahlosile. Osomabhizinisi, imvamisa, basebenzisa izikhangisi
ezinhlobonhlobo ukuchukuluza imizwa yabathengi. Isikhali esikhulu sezikhangisi ukuphindaphindwa
kwemibiko kanye nokusebenzisa amazwa ayengayo. Ngaphandle kwezikhangisi zezinto
ezithengiswayo kukhona izikhangisi zemisebenzi, zemicimbi, zabashonile, zabashadayo, kanye
nokunye.

Nasi isibonelo sesikhangisi somsebenzi:

UMNYANGO WEZOKUTHUTHA
Kuvuleke izikhala zomsebenzi zamaphoyisa omgwaqo
Iholo : R84 900 – R96 984
Izinga : Level 7
Kudingeka umuntu: Ophase uMatikuletsheni, onediploma ayithola
kwelinye lamakholiji aqeqesha iziphathimandla
zomgwaqo, izincwadi zokushayela (ikhodi 8) abe
umuntu oneminyaka emithathu enza lo msebenzi.
Usuku lokugcina ukufaka izicelo: 30 Ntulikazi 2009
Amafomu okufaka izicelo ayatholakala kuwo wonke
amahhovisi kamasipala.
Izicelo azithunyelwe ku: Menenja yedolobha, Midvaal Local Municapality,
P.O. Box 9, Meyerton, 1960.
Imibuzo ingaqondiswa ku: Mnu. T.T. Radebe kule nombolo: (016) 360-7478

8.IMEMORANDAMU
Imemorandamu abanye bayibiza bayinqamulele bathi imemo. Imemo incwajana ebhalwa ngabaphathi
ngaphakathi esikhungweni somsebenzi beyibhalela abasebenzi noma abasebenzi beyibhalela abaphathi.
Iba nesibingelelo nesiphetho njengoba kwenzeka encwadini yobungani neyakuMhleli. Ngokuvamile
kuyaye kube nefomu elihlelelwe lokho. Obhala imemo ugcwalisa leyo fomu. Imemo ingasetshenziswa
ukwedlulisa imiyalelo, isifo esiveleli, umshado, nokunye, kubasebenzi.

28 | P a g e
 Nasi isibonelo sememo:

MEMORANDAMU

Iya ku : Basebenzi
Ivela ku: Mphathi
Usuku : 22 kuNhlangulana 2020

UKUHAMBA KUKAGESI NAMANZI

Ngicela ukunazisa ngombiko ovela kwaMasipala mayelana nokuhamba kukagesi namanzi kusasa mhla
zingama-23 KuNhlangulana 2020. Niyacelwa ukuba nizilungiselele

Mphathi

Nasi esinye isibonelo sememo:

QHUDENI COMBINED SCHOOL

IMEMO

Ivela ku: Mnu. K.H. Mhlongo Iya ku: Mnu. M.M. Ngobese
UMnyango: Wezemfundo Isikhundla: uThishomkhulu
Isihloko: Masivalwe isikole Usuku: 12 Ncwaba 2009

Umbiko:

Njengoba kudutshulwe kwabalawa uthisha kuleyo ndawo yaseQhudeni, thina singuMnyango WezeMfundo
sibone ukuthi isikole sike sivalwe okwesikhashana, kunikezwe ithuba umthetho uthathe indawo yawo.
Kuyothi isimo sesibuyele kwesejwayelekile sinazise ukuthi isikole sesingavulwa.

-----------------------------------
K.H. Mhlongo
Ukusayina-Umphathi WomNyango

9.UKUGCWALISA IFOMU

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Ifomu ipheshana elinezikhala ezigcwaliswayo ngoba kufuneka imininingwane ethile. Ziningi izinhlobo
zamafomu ezigcwaliswayo. Kukhona amafomu okucela umsebenzi, okukhipha imali ebhange, okufaka
imali ebhange, okucela izikhala zokufunda, njalonjalo. Kubalulekile ukuthi lowo ogcwalisa ifomu
anikeze iminingwane yakhe eliqiniso, angashiyi izikhala ngenxa yobudedengu.

Ake sibone ekhasini elilandelayo isibonelo sefomu egcwaliswa ngabantu abafuna umsebenz

IFOMU YOKUCELA UMSEBENZI

A. ISIKHALA SOMSEBENZI
Isikhala somsebenzi ofaka isicelo UMnyango okhiphe isikhangisi
sakho kuwo (Njengoba sivele esikhangisweni)

Inombolo yesikhala somsebenzi Ungaqala nini ukusebenza uma kungaba nguwe onikezwa
(Njengoba ibhalwe esikhangisweni) lo msebenzi?

B. IMINININGWANE YAKHO (Uma ngabe ufake nencwadi yokuzichaza

enayo yonke le mininingwane elandelayo, ungayigcwalisi
le ngxenye elandelayo)

Isibongo

Amagama akho aphelele

Usuku lwakho lokuzalwa

Inombolo yakho kamazisi

Ubuhlanga Ompisholo Omhlophe Ikhalathi Owomdabu

waseNdiya

Ubulili Owesifazane Owesilisa

Ukhubazekile? Yebo Cha

Uyisakhamuzi saseNingizmu Yebo Cha

Afrika?

Uma uthi cha, nikeza ubuzwe

bakho (ungowakuphi?)

Unayo imvume yokusebenza Yebo Cha

nokuhlala kuleli zwe?

Sewake watholwa yinkantolo Yebo Cha

30 | P a g e
 unecala lokwephula umthetho okukanye waxoshwa
emsebenzini?

Uma ngabe uhlobo lomsebenzi owufundele ludinga ube

lilunga lenhlangano ebhaliswe ngokusemthethweni,
nikeza usuku owaqala ukuba yilunga ngalo kanye
nenombolo yakho yobulunga

C.SINGAXHUMANA KANJANI NAWE?

Ulimi esingakuxhuma ngalo

Izinombolo zocingo ongatholakala

kulo ngezikhathi zomsebenzi

Indlela esingakuxhuma ngayo Incwadi I-imeyili Ifeksi

Ikheli/i-imeyili/ifeksi esingakuxhuma ngalo/ngayo

D. AMAZINGA OKUKHULUMA, UKUFUNDA KANYE NOKUBHALA IZINDIMI

OZAZIYO. Khetha emagameni afakwe kobakaki uqondanise
nolimi ngalunye olwaziyo. (Kahle kakhulu, kahle nje,
kabi)

Amazinga Bhala izindimi ozaziyo

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 7

Ukulukhuluma

Ukulufunda

Ukulubhala

E. IZINGA LEMFUNDO YAKHO (Uma ngabe ufake nencwadi yokuzichaza

enayo yonke le mininingwane elandelayo, ungayigcwalisi le ngxenye
elandelayo)

Igama lesikole Ibanga lokugcina owaphumelelaUnyaka owaqeda ngawo

kulo

Imfundo ephakeme (Gcwalisa uveze zonke iziqu owazithola esikhungweni ngasinye)

Igama lesikhungo Iziqu owazithola Unyaka owaqeda ngawo

Semfundo

Iziqu ozenza njengamanje

31 | P a g e
 Igama lesikhungo semfundo Iziqu ozenzayo Unyaka ohlose ukuqeda
ngawo

F.IMISEBENZI OSEWAKE WAYENZA/UMSEBENZI OWENZAYO

(Uma ngabe ufake nencwadi yokuzichaza enayo yonke le mininingwane elandelayo, ungayigcwalisi le ngxenye
elandelayo)

Umqashi Isikhundla noma Waqala nini? Wagcina nini? Kwaba yini

umsebenzi imbangela
owenzayo sokushiya
Inyanga

Inyanga
Unyaka

Unyaka
kwakho?

Uma ngabe wake wasebenza kunoma imuphi uMnyango kaHulumeni, ngabe Yebo Cha
zikhona izizathu ezingenza ungabe usaqasheka?

Uma ngabe uthi yebo, nikeza igama loMnyango owawusebenza kuwo

G. AMAGAMA ABANTU ABANGAFAKAZA NGAWE

Igama nesibongo Ubudlelwano bakho naye Izinombolo zocingo angathintwa kuzo

ngesikhathi somsebenzi
1.
2.
3.

Isibopho

Ngiyafunga ngiyagomela ukuthi ngokwazi kwami ulwazi engilunikezile (kubandakanya noma iliphi iphepha
engilithumele) luphelele futhi
luyiqiniso. Ngiyazi ukuthi uma kwenzeka ukuthi kukhona ulwazi
engilufakile olungelona iqiniso, isicelo sami siyohoxiswa ngisho ngabe umsebenzi ngiwutholile, ngibhekane
nengalo yomthetho uma kunesidingo.

Isayinwe....................... Ngomhla ka-.....................

10.UKWETHULWA KWENKULUMO

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Ukubhala nokwethula
Ukubhala kuyisikhali esibalulekile sokuxhumana esenza abafundi bakwazi ukuzakhela
nokwedlulisa imicabango nemiqondo ehlangene. Ukubhalwa kwamathaski anhlobonhlobo
ezimweni ezithize nasezifundweni ezehlukene kwenza abafundi bakwazi ukuxhumana
ngempumelelo. Ukubhala, okwelakanyiswa ngendlela eyiyo kusetshenziswa izinhlaka
zokubhala, kukhiqiza ababhali abanohlonze nabakwazi ukusebenzisa amakhono okukhiqiza
bethule mbhalo abhaliwe, ayimidwebo kanye nembhalo abhaliwe okuxhumana ezilimi
ezinhlobonhlobo.
Ukubhala kubalulekile ngoba kuphoqa abafundi ukucabanga ngokwakheka kolili kanye
nokupelomagama. Lokhu kugqugquzela abafundi ukuba basebenzise ulimi, bathuthukise
isivinini sokwazi ulimi nokuthuthuka kokucophelela.
Abafundi bazofunda ukubhala izinhlobonhlobo zemibhalo yokuziqambela kanye neyolwazi,
baqale nokusebenzisa uhlaka lokubhala njengesisekelo besebeqhubeka nokufunda ukubhala
imibhalo ethile ngokuzimela. Bazophinde basebenzise inqubo yokubhala ukwenza okuhleleke
kahle nokusebenzisa ulimi olufanele embhalweni abawubhalayo.
Inqubo yokubhala
• Ukulungiselela / ukulungela ukubhala,
• Uhlaka lokuqala,
• Ukubukeza,
• Ukulungisa amaphutha
• Ukufunda ngenhloso yokubheka amaphutha nokuthula umbhalo
Abafundi badinga ithuba lokusebenzisa lenqubo futhi kufanele:
• Kufanele bacabange ngenhloso nangezethameli zalowombhalo ozobe ubhaliwe noma
wenziwe;
• Bacabange ngamaphuzu besebenzisa, isibonelo, umbhalo osabulwembu, ishadi lembono
egelezeyo noma
uhla;
• Ukusebenzisa izinto zokufunda ezishaya emhloleni, nokukhetha imibono ehlaba
esikhonkosini nokuhlela
imibono
• Ukwakha uhlaka lokuqala olubhekele inhloso, izethameli, isihloko nesakhiwo sombhalo
• Ukufunda uhlaka ngokucubungula nokuthola imibono evela kwabanye (abafundi noma
uthisha);
• Ukulungisa amaphutha; nokufunda ngenhloso yokubheka amaphutha

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• Ukwakha umsebenzi onobunono, ofundekayo, nokuwumsebenzi wokugcina olungiswe
amaphutha

Injongo yokwethula inkulumo

Abafundi kujwayelekile ukuba bacelwe ukuthi bethule inkulumo.
Lokhu kuyasiza ngoba:
 Ukwethula inkulumo kwenza kuqhubeke izingxoxo.
 Kuveza izindlela eziningi zokubuka into.
 Abanye abantu bazethula kangcono ngomlomo kunokuba babhale.
 Ukwazi ukwethula inkulumo ikhono elidingekayo kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi.
Ngabe kuhlolwa kanjani ukwethula inkulumo?
Ziningi izindlela zokuhlola ukwethula inkulumo.
Thola kuthisha wakho ukuthi iyona yiphi indlela azoyisebenzisa.
Okubalulekile ekwethuleni inkulumo ukuthi unazo izethameli futhi udinga ukwedlulisa
okuthile.
Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kufanele ugxile ekwethuleni kwakho.
 Thula amaphuzu asemqoka ambalwa. Ungathululi yonke into oyaziyo
ezethamelini zakho.
 Khetha izibonelo ezizoba lula ukuba bakwazi ukuzibona ngamehlo engqondo.
 Hlela inkulumo ngokucacile, usebenzisa izihloko ezimbalwa. Yazi ukuthi
amaphuzu akho azolandelana kanjani.
 Phinda amaphuzu asemqoka, bese usuqoqa konke okushilo. Uma abantu
belalele kumele ubakhumbuze indlela inkulumo yakho eyithathayo, nokuthi
amaphuzu asemqoka axhumana kanjani. Sebenzisa amaphepha noma i –
overhead projector, ukuveza izinto ozobe ukhuluma ngazo.
Ukuhlelela inkulumo yakho
Kuhlale kuthatha isikhathi eside ukusho into uma ungayilungiselele kunokuba uyilungiselele.
Okunye, kumele ukhulume unense uma wethula inkulumo khona abantu bezozwa lokho
okhuluma ngakho.
Lungiselela lokho ozokwazi ukukhuluma ngakho.

Ubuciko bamaphepha ayiziqeshana

 Hlukanisa inkulumo yakho ibe iziqephu.

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  Nika isiqephu isihloko.
 Bhala isihloko, namagama okulula ukuwafunda emapheshaneni ayiziqeshana.
 Bhala izinombolo eziqeshaneni, ngendlela ofuna ukuzethula ngayo.
 Lokhu kuzokunika ukuzethemba kokuthi unotho ozolusho futhi kunike indlela
kulokho ongase ukusho.
 Hlukanisa umsebenzi wakho emaphuzwini abalulekile futhi okumele ukhulume
ngawo, kanye nomunye umsebenzi ozokwazi ukuthi uwusebenzise uma ithuba
livela.
 Lungisa inkulumo efingqiwe yokuvala inkulumo yakho.
Bhala izihloko ngombhalo omkhulu, onjengo-32, bese ukopisha emaphepheni asapulasitiki
asetshenziselwa ukubhala okuthile khona uzokwazi ukuwasebenzisa kwi-overhead projector.
Ungakwenza nangekhompyutha uxhume umshini oveza umbhalo odongeni. Ngale kwalokho
ungadweba umdwebo ukukhombisa inkulumo yakho.
Buyekeza inkulumo yakho ulokhu uyiphindaphinda, unensa futhi uzikalela isikhathi. Yehlise
uma iyinde.

Ukulungiselela inkulumo
Abantu bachitha isikhathi esiningi bekhathazeka ngokunikeza inkulumo baze bangasishiyi
isikhathi sokulungiselela lokho abazokusho. Ungakwehlisa ukwethuka ngalezi zindlela
ezilandelayo.
 Lungiselela ngokuqikelela, yiba nokuzethemba ngalokho ozokusho, nokuthi
uzokusho kanjani.
 Zama ukuthi ukhululeke isikhathi esingangamahora amabili kuya kwamathathu
ngaphambi kwenkulumo.
 Shesha ufike khona ungeke ulokhu ukhathazeka ngohambo.
 Yiba segumbini ngaphambi kwawo wonke umuntu. Mamatheka lapho
kungena izethameli zakho.
 Yiba namanzi okuphuza uma usuthula inkulumo ukuze ungomelwa umphimbo
futhi asiza ukwehlisa ukushisa emzimbeni.

Ukwethula inkulumo
 Funda isiqeshana ukudlulisa okusemqoka ofuna ukukusho.

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  Sebenzisa iwashi ukuzikalela isikhathi.
 Linda ukuba wonke umuntu ahlale phansi ngaphambi kokuba uqale
ukukhuluma.
 Tshela izethameli zakho ukuthi uncamela ukuthi imibuzo ifakwe phakathi
nendawo noma ekugcineni.
 Uma kungenzeka, khuluma usebenzise amaphepha ayiziqeshana noma
izingqwembe, noma umqondo kunokuba ufunde phansi. Inkulumo izogeleza
kamnandi futhi kuzoba lula ukuyilalela. Uma ungakwazi ukwethula inkulumo
ngenye yalezi zindlela, bhala phansi ngokugcwele bese uyafunda.
 Zikhumbuze ukukhulumela phezulu futhi unense kunokujwayelekile.
 Ungalokhu uxolisa ngamaphutha angatheni. Yenza sengathi inkulumo yakho
iphuma phambili ukuze abantu abakulalele bezokukholwa.
 Bheka phambili. Ithi njo amehlo akho kumuntu oyedwa ezethamelini zakho.
 Yima ukhokhe umoya emveni kwephuzu. Lokhu kunika izethameli ukuthi
zetshise lokhu okade ukhuluma ngakho. Nawe kukwenza ubukeke ungumuntu
owenza umsebenzi wakhe ngobuqotho nangokuhlonipheka.
 Ekugcineni, fingqa konke osukushilo.
Lungisa umugqa omuhle ozogcina ngawo. Uma ungenaso isiqiniseko ngokuvala, vese
umamatheke bese uthi ‘Ngiyabonga’

11.ULIMI OLUBHALWAYO NOLIMI OLUKHULUNYWAYO

Umehluko phakathi kolimi olukhulunywayo nolubhalwayo.
 Ulimi olubhalwayo alufani nolukhulunywayo, ludinga uqaphele futhi ucabange
ngolimi. Olukhulunywayo alukudingi lokhu.
 Imisho yolimi olubhalwayo kufanele ibekwe ngobuchwepheshe obuthile kanti
olukhulunywayo aludingi buchwepheshe obutheni.
 Ulimi olubhalwayo luye lusebenzise izihlanganiso ezithile ukuze kube khona
ukuxhumana nokubumbana endabeni. Olukhulunywayo lungasebenzisa izihlanganiso
kanye nezwi, ukwehla nokwenyuka kwalo ukuze inkulumo ibumbane.
 Ngokubhala imininingwane ethile iyagcineka kanti ukukhuluma akulugcini kahle
ulwazi ngoba lubuye lukhohlakale.
 Ukubhala kuyayikhuthaza ingqondo ngoba kufanele ucabangisise kanti ukukhuluma
akudingi kucabanga okujulile.

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  Uma kubhalwa ulimi luhleleka kahle ngoba isikhathi sokulucabangisisa sisuke
sisiningi. Uma ukhuluma ulimi aluhleleki kahle bese kuba namaphutha athile.
 Ukukhuluma kuhle ngoba uyakwazi ukuhlanganisa izinto eziningi futhi uchaze kabanzi
ngesikhashana esincane kanti uma ubhala kufanele kuvele lezo zinto ezisemqoka
kuphela.
 Ulimi olubhalwayo lusebenzisa kakhulu izaga nezisho lokhu kwenza ulimi lube
seqophelweni eliphezulu. Olukhulunywayo lona lulula ngoba alukusebenzisi lokhu
kakhulu.
 Olukhulunywayo luba nenkululmompendulwano ngoba kusuke kunabantu ababili
noma ngaphezulu abasuke bexoxa. Olubhalwayo alunayo, iye ivele
inkulumompendulwano kuphela uma kubhalwa izindaba lapho kusuke kunabadlali
abaphendulanayo. Nayo leyo nkulumompendulwano isuke ikhombisa ukuthi ulimi
olusetshenzisiwe ngolukhulunywayo.
 Ama-eseyi awanayo inkulumompendulwano ngaphandle uma uzocaphuna inkulumo
ekhulunywe abantu ababili noma ngaphezulu bephendulana.
 Ukushiya amagama athile kwenzeka ikakhulukazi uma kusetshenziswa ulimi
olukhulunywayo. Olimini olubhalwayo ukushiywa kwamanye amazwi kuye kwenzeke
lapho kucashunwa inkulumo ethile, bese kuthi engadingeki ishiywe. Lokho kuye
kukhonjiswe ngamachashazi amathathu. Okusho ukuthi inkulumo iyaqhubeka.
Isb. a: Uyahamba kusasa?
b: Yebo ngiyahamba.(Lapha kushiyeke igama “kusasa” )
Yebo. (lapha kushiyeke umusho,” Ngiyahamba kusasa”)

Nakuba kushiyeke amagama okanye imisho ethile, kodwa indaba isabumbene

 Ulimi olubhalwayo kufanele lulandele imigomo ethile nokuhleleka okuthile
kokubhaliwe, Isb. isihloko, isihlokwana, isingeniso, ukuhlukana kwezigaba,
isiphetho.
 Olukhulunywayo alukudingi konke lokhu. Umuntu uyazikhulumela nje angabheki
ukuthi ukhulumela ngaphansi kwesihloko esithile nokuthi imisho ilandelana
kanjani.
 Inkulumo eyisitsotsi ivamise ukutholakala olimini olukhulunywayo. Asidingeki
isitsotsi kolubhalwayo.

37 | P a g e
  Inkulumo efana nalena eyolimi olukhulunywayo, ‘ngicabanga ukuthi uzohamba
kusasa uSipho’ kanti ethi, ‘Uzohamba kusasa uSipho’ eyolimi olubhalwayo.
 Ukusebenzisa umuntu okhulumayo nokukhulunywa naye emushweni kusebenza
olimini olukhulunywayo. isb. Mina , Wena, kanti ulimi olubhalwayo lusebenzisa:
Umuntu wesithathu kuphela ngoba kusuke kuchazwa into ethile. isb. ingane, imoto,
umfana, abantu, njll.
 Indlela yokubeka inkulumo kanje, Mnu/ Nkk/Nksz ilandela umgomo wolimi
olubhalwayo kanti ukubeka kanje; mfowethu, dadewethu, mngani wami, baba,
mama, kwenziwa olimini olukhulunywayo.
 Uma ubhala umbhalo wobuchwepheshe awusebenzisi amagama afana nokuthi,
‘UMsimanga uyakuphikisa ukuthi… ’ kodwa usebenzisa inkulumo ezothile
njengokuthi ‘ NgokukaMsimang kunje kanje…Izinkulumo ezifana nalezi
ezilandelayo ezolimi olukhulunywayo ‘Ayikho lento oyishoyo wena’ Mina ngazi
ukuthi…”
‘Angihambisani nalo mqondo wakho’, njll.
 Imisho ecashuniwe ikhombisa ukuthi umbhalo obhalwayo kanti ukuchaza kunokuba
ucacise ngokucaphuna kukhomba ukuthi inkulumo ngekhulunywayo.

12.UKUSEBENZA NGAWEDWANA KANYE NOKUSEBENZA NGAMAQOQO

Ukuze ubizwe ngelunga leqembu elisemthethweni, kumele wenze okulandelayo:
 sibe nokubona ngasolinye ukuthi yingobani sikulowo mphakathi.
 Nibonisane ngemibono efanayo
 Nibonisane ngemigomo efanayo
 Nibe nokuzwelana nangemimoya
 Nibambisane
 Nibonisane ngenihlangabezane nakho nenikulindele
 Nisizane nganoma nganoma iyiphi indlela
Inzuzo yokusebenza nabanye
Izifundo eziningi zihlela umsebenzi ukuba wenziwe ngamaqoqwana ngoba babona ukuthi
ulwazi luyageleza uma kufundwa ngamaqoqwana.
Izimo ezikwenza usebenze nabanye
Ezinye zezimo ezingakwenza udinge ukusebenza nabanye yilezi:
 Isemihlanganweni.

38 | P a g e
  Ukunikezwa umsebenzi wesikole ukuba niwenze ningamaqoqwana.
 Isendaweni yasemsebenzini.
 Isemaqoqweni adingida okuthile emphakathini.
 Isemaqoweni alekelanayo.
 Isemaqoqweni afunda emagumbini ezobuchwepheshe.
Izindlela ongasebenza ngazo nabanye
Ukusebenza ngokubambisana
Ukusebenza ngokubambisana kuhle ngalokhu:
 Kucobelelwana ngolwazi - ukuze yilowo nalowo abe nemibono eminingi.
 Uzuza ulwazi olwengeziwe futhi uthole nokuthi abanye bacabanga kanjani
okuyinto obungeke uyicabange uwedwa.
 Uzithola usunolwazi oluningi, nezindlela ezahlukene zokwenza into.
 Kuvuselela futhi kukhuthaze ukucabanga komunye nomunye.
 Kucacisa ukucabanga kwakho, ekukhulumeni nasekuphenduleni imibuzo.
 Uthola ukusizakala kwabanye ngoba banezela kulokho onakho emqondweni.

Ukuthwalisana
 Kubalulekile ukuthwalisana uma ninezinkinga eqoqweni.
 Khuluma ngezingqinamba noma ngalokho okukukhathazayo- Kungase kwenzeke
ukuthi kukhona abanye abanenkinga efana neyakho.
 Sizanani ukuthola isisombululo sanoma yini ekhathaza omunye eqenjini.
Ukugqugquzelana
 Yenza abanye bazi uma benze kahle. Uma ugculisekile ngegalelo labo futhi ulithole
linomsebenzi osizayo, batshele ukuze bakhuthale.
 Gqugquzela abanye uma bephelelwa yithemba.
Sebenzani ngokuhlanganyela
 Nikanani iziphakamiso ngezinto eningazifunda ukwenza imisebenzi yenu
yocwaningo. Khulumani ngalokho esenikufundile.
 Cobelelanani ngolwazi.
 Cobelelanani ngezindlela zokubhekana nezimo ezithile njengokuthi ufunda
kanjani uma usebenza, unezingane, uma ungenamali, njll.
 Hlukaniselanani umsebenzi wenu ngngokulinganayo: kanje:

39 | P a g e
Omunye angahamba aye emtapweni wolwazi noma ezinhlelweni ezithize ukuyothola ulwazi,
abanye bangaya emihlanganweni ekhuluma ngesihloko esikhethiwe.
 Uma ninikezwe imibuzo ukuba nisebenzele phezu kwayo, le mibuzo ningayiphosa
komunye nomunye ukuze nithole ukuthi iphenduleke ngokufanele yini.
 Fundani amanothi eniwathathe egumbini lokufundela ndawonye nibone ukuthi
nithola amaphuzu ahlukene yini. Uma senimakelwe yilowo nalowo akafunde
owakhe umsebenzi ukuze nibone umehluko.
Ukugxeka okwakhayo
Uma uphikisana nombono womunye, futhi uma lokho kudinga ukulungiswa beka isiphakamiso
ngendlela eyakhayo.
Phakamisa izindlela ezingathuthukisa, kunokuba ugxeke lokho okungahambi kahle, noma
lokho okungahambanga kahle ngaphambilini.
Qikelela mayelana nokukopela
Yonke imisebenzi ebhalwayo kumele uyibeke ngamagama akho - ngalokho kumele uqikelele
ukuthi awubonakali njengomuntu okopela umsebenzi wabanye, noma sengathi bakopela
kuwena.
Yabelanani umsebenzi ngokulinganayo
Uma nabelana imisebenzi, qikelelani ukuthi imisebenzi iyalingana.
Funani isisombululo esakhayo sokuthi kungenziwa njani uma omunye kade evumile ukwenza
into ethile uma engasayenzi.
Ukuvimbela izingqinamba
 Uma uzosebenza nomuntu isikhathi esijana, kumele ucabangisise ukuthi uhlele
ukuzuzani ngokusebenzisana naye, uphinde ubheke nezinkinga ezingaqhamuka.
Nobabili ningabhala phansi enikubonayo ngaphansi kwezihloko ezintathu:
(i) Usizo (ii) Izingqinamba ezingavela (ii) Izindlela esingaxazulula ngazo lezi zingqinamba
Uma nizosebenza niyiqoqo:
 Bhekani zonke izinto ezingaba usizo ezinganigqugquzela ukuba niqhubeke
nokusebenzisana ndawonye.
 Cabangani izingqinanba ezingaba khona futhi nifune imibono nezindlela zokulungisa
lezo zingqinamba. Yibani ngabantu abanamasu ekufuneni lezi zindlela. Uma
nihlangabezana nenkinga, khulumani nabanye noma nothisha.

40 | P a g e
Ezinye Izindlela ezintsha zokusebenzisana

Kulezi zinsuku, siyayesikhulume ngokusebenza ngokweqile ngokwamaqembu nangezindlela

ezehlukene. Kodwa yebo, lokho kusho ukuthi kumele sicabange ngezindlela ezintsha esenza
ngazo kulawo maqembu. Phil Harkins uveza izindlela esingazibeka emqondweni uma uma
sisebenza emaqenjini:

 Yibaqotho—noma kusho ukuthi zehlise izinga lakho.

 Buza imibuzo elungile—buza imibuzo eqondile ukuze uthole izimpendulo ezilungule
 Khuluma ngezinto--- noma ngabe ezinzima
 Qedela ozibophezele kukho ukuqede—kwesinye isikhathi lokhu kudinga ukuthi
ubuyele emuva emigomweni esiyibekile.
 Yekela abanye bakhuluma kuqala—lokhu kusho nako landelayo
 Lalela —ungagijimelli ekubekeni owakho umbono ungazwanga incazelo yonke
 Baqonde labo abangenzi ngendlela—ungasabi ukubatshela kunjengoba kunjalo
 Jabula kokwenzayo—kodwa hhayi ngokuhlukumeza abanye
 Zethembe uthembeke- ngaleso sikhathi, awudingi ukudependela kuwena

Izinselelo zokusebenza neqoqwana

Nakuba kunenzuzo ukusebenza neqoqwana nokuba ingxenye yeqoqwana kodwa akusoka
lingenasici.
Ukuzama ukusombulula izinselelo zeqoqwana
Lokhu okulandelayo kuyasiza emihlanganweni nasemisebenzini yasemaqoqwaneni:

Yenza kube khona umoya wokusizana eqoqwaneni

Khumbula ukuthi abantu banemizwa ngakho abangahlukumezeki.
Qaphela ukuthi abantu bangahlale benexhala lokuthi bazohlale begxekwa noma bazithole
bengazi lutho.
Ekuphawuleni kwakho yakha futhi uphokophelele ukuthi ube mnene.
Khuluma ngqo ngokuzizwa kwabantu
Esiwombeni sokuqala, thola ukuthi abantu bazizwa benjani ukuba seqoqwaneni.
Thola ukuthi ngabe yini ekade bedlinza ngayo ngaphambi kokuba bafike? Ngabe nabanye
bebezizwa kanjalo yini? Kuyasiza ukwazi ukuthi akuwena wedwa onokukhathazeka.

41 | P a g e
Xoxa ukuthi amaqoqwana angashintsha kanjani ukukhathazeka kwawo ukuba kube amathuba
amahle.
Beka imithetho
Lokhu kubalulekile uma wakha iqoqwana lobambiswano. Le mithetho kumele ibhekelele
ukukhathazeka okungenziwa yilokhu osekubalulwe ngaphezulu.
Imithetho ebekiwe mayibandakanye lokhu okulandelayo:
 Isikhathi enizohlangana ngaso asaziwe futhi sigcinwe.
 Eqoqwaneni makungabi khona ofuna ukwengamela ingxoxo abanye bangalitholi ithuba
lokuveza owabo umbono.
 Indlela yokuziphatha neyokuphawula ngendlela evumelekile.
Cubungula amakhono eqoqwana
Thola amakhono kanye nesipiliyoni esiseqoqwaneni. Ngabe ubani okhuthalela ukwenza,
ukuhola imihlangano, ukubhala, ukuba umxazululi wezinkinga eziye zivele eqoqweni, njll?
Abantu eqoqweni abacacise ukuthi bathanda ukwenzani. Uma kukhona abanye abantu abafuna
ukwenza into eyodwa efanayo, shintshanani noma yabelanani imisebenzi.
Bandakanya bonke abantu abaseqoqwaneni.
Misa uhlu kanye nemingcele
Inhloso yomhlangano mayicace.
 Hlela uhlu lwezinto okuzokhulunywa ngazo emhlanganweni bese wenza isinqumo
sokuthi uzothatha isikhathi esingakanani kulelo nalelo phuzu.
 Akucace ukuthi yimiphi imihlangano yomsebenzi kanti futhi yimiphi eyokuzixoxela
nje.
 Hlela kahle izikhathi zemihlangano kanye nezindawo kusenesikhathi khona wonke
umuntu ezophumelela ukuza.
Bheka inqubekelaphambili
Uma iqoqwana lingakhombisi ukusebenza kahle, khuluma ngakho ngqo. Umuntu ngamunye
kumele asho lokhu afisa ukuthi kwenziwe ukuze iqoqo liphumelele kwelikwenzayo.
 Ngabe imisebenzi yabeke ngokulinganayo?
 Ngabe ukhona othanda ukwengamela iqoqwana onganiki abanye ithuba?
 Ngabe uyayicabangela imizwa kanye nemibono yabanye?
Ukwabelana imisebenzi
 Yazi ukuthi ubani wenzani nini.
 Qiniseka ukuthi imisebenzi yabiwe ngokulinganayo.

42 | P a g e
  Yenza kwaziwe ukuthi imisebenzi kumele iqedwe nini.
 Kuwo wonke umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe, nquma ukuthi ubani uzobamba liphi
iqhaza.
USihlalo
Nakuba lokhu kuwumthwalo wawo wonke umuntu, usihlalo usiza ukwenza uhlelo
nokulugcina.
Uma ungusihlalo qiniseka ukuthi wonke umuntu uyakhuluma futhi imibono yakhe iyezwakala.
Khuthaza iqoqwana ukuba ligxile esihlokweni.
UMgcinisikhathi
Umgcinisikhathi ugcina isikhathi kanye nohlu kanye nesheduli yesikhathi. Ngesinye isikhathi
unquma isikhathi kulabo abakhulumayo.
UMgcinimbiko
Umgcinimbiko ubhekelela ukugcina amaphuzu okukhulunywa ngawo engxoxweni nokuthi
yiziphi izinqumo ezithathwayo.
UMbhekimsebenzi
Umbhekimsebenzi uhlola ukuthi wonke umuntu wenza lokho okuvunyelwene ngakho ukuba
kwenziwe.
Ukuba yingxenye esebenzayo yeqoqwana
Kumele uzame ngokusemandleni akho ukuba uhlomule kakhulu ezingxoxweni.
Ngaphambi kokuhlangana neqoqwana:
 Qiniseka ukuthi usuyenze yonke imisebenzi okuvunyelwene ngayo eqoqwaneni.
 Funda ngalokhu okuzokhulunywa ngakho. Cabanga ngakho.
 Bhala phansi imibuzo ofuna ukuthi iphendulwe?
Ngesikhathi usuhlangene nalo
 Bheka ukuthi wonke umuntu uyambona futhi uzwa wonke umuntu.
 Yamkela ukuzwa into entsha.
 Bhala phansi ulwazi olungaba usizo.
 Phakamisa imibuzo ofisa ukuyibuza
 Xhumanisa lokhu okuzwayo kanye nalokho okwaziyo vele.
 Phosa nawe esivivaneni, phakamisa amaphuzu owathandayo.
Emveni kokuba kade uhlangene neqoqwana
 Funda amanothi akho bese uqoqa ndawonye lokho okubalulekile.
 Yengeza okusha okwaziyo kanye nemicabango emisha.

43 | P a g e
  Hlola ukuthi le misebenzi uyoyisebenzisa kuphi emveni kwaleli qoqwana.

Ukusiza iqoqwana liphumelele

Bandakanya wonke umuntu

Yiba ogqugquzelayo
Khuluma nawo wonke umuntu oseqoqwaneni,
Gqugquzela abanye.
hhayi nje kuphela labo abakhethiwe. Qiniseka
Ukwenza isibonelo,
ukuthi wonke umuntu uyalithola ithuba
Ungaphawula ngokuthi
lokukhuluma
‘Ningihlabe umxhwele’
Sebenzisa umzimba ekukhulumeni
Njengoba ulalela, khombisa ukuqaphela
ngokuthi umamatheke, noma ngokunqekuzisa
Khombisa
ikhanda lapho uvuma, njalo njalo. Uma
lapho uvuma
ufuna ukukhuluma yenza izimpawu
Kwenze ezibonakalayo.
kuzwakale
ukuvuma
kwakho: Nikezela ngolwazi
‘njengami …
Yabelana ngolwazi:
ngokunjalo…’,
‘Yebo’ ‘Kunolwazi oluningi
‘Kuyiqiniso…’ olungasetshenziswa…’

Lalela abanye
abafundi
Abafundi ofunda Uma ungavumi
nabo kanjalo Esikhundleni sokuthi uvese
nothisha wakho uzibe imibono yabanye
badinga ukuba
abantu, yihlole: ‘Kungabe
ubalalele, njengoba
yini ekwenza ukuthi
nawe ukufuna
ukuthi bakulalele. ucabange lokho?’
Beka imibono ‘Usukucabangile lokho…?’
Yabelana ngemibono
yakho: ‘Yini singenzi
kanje…? Vuma amaphutha
Qoqela iqoqwana konke
Vuma amaphutha
Yakhela phezu ‘Sisavumelene kula akho bese uyaxolisa:
kwemibono maphuzu amabili kuze kanje:
yabanye abantu kube yila?
‘Ngiyaxolisa,
Okokuqala,…? kanye
‘Akusilona iphuzu iphutha lami....’;
nokwesibili,…?
elibalulekile leli
‘Hawu,
olenzile,
44 |ngezizathu
Page sengiyabona!
ezithile’…
Angiqondisisanga...’
Ukubhekana nemizuzu enzima eqoqwaneni
Imizwa enzima eqoqwaneni
Uma imizwa enzima ivezwa, abantu bangazizwa besaba - ekubeni le mizwa iyiqiniso kulowo
muntu oyizwayo.

Imizwa evuswa imibono

Ukuhlasela umuntu kanzima ngemibono yakhe kuphathana kabi. Uma ungawemukeli umbono
womuntu uye azizwe naye engamukelekile. Iqoqwana lingadinga umthetho wokuthi imibono
ingaphoswa kanjani inselelo, kodwa hhayi umuntu ofike nawo.

Imizwa evuswa izinkinga zeqoqwana

Uma imizwa ivuswa ukungasebenzi kahle kweqoqwana, thola ukuthi kungenziwa kanjani
ukuthi iqoqwana lithuthukise ukusebenza kwalo. Ukwenza isibonelo, kungenzeka ukuthi
abanye abantu babone sengathi imibono yabo iyazitshwa. Yini engenza bezwe sengathi
imibono yabo iyezwakala? Kungabe lokho kuyiqiniso? Kungafinyelelwa esivumelwaneni?

Imizwa evuka ngaphandle kweqoqwana

Abantu bafika nemithwalo yansuku zonke yempilo yabo emaqoqwaneni. Lokhu
kuyaphazamisa njengoba kungeke kwazeke ukuthi le mizwa enzima kangaka iqhamukaphi.
Kungasiza ukuthatha umzuzu noma imizuzwana emibili ngaphambi kokuqala umsebenzi
ukuthi kuxoxwe ngokuthi bekwenzakalani emalungwini amaqoqwana. Kungenzeka ukuthi
udinge imithetho mayelana nemizwa enzima enjengokuthi ‘uma umuntu elwisa elinye ilungu,
kuthi wonke amanye amalungu angenelele.’

Izinyembezi
Uma abantu benezinkathazo, nganoma yiziphi izizathu, badedele ukuba babe nemizuzwana
emibalwa yokuthula noma isikhathi lapho bezothulula khona imizwa yabo. Ungakhathazeki
ngezinyembezi – ukukhala kwehlisa izinga lokukhathazeka. Abantu abakhathazekile
bangadinga ukuba bodwa, noma ukukhuluma nomunye umuntu ngasese okwemizuzwana.
Khombisa ukuzwelana nabo.

Ukuthula
Ukuthula kungaba nemikhiqizo emihle. Kwenze ikakhulukazi uma iqoqwana likudinga
ekudingideni into enesisindo.

45 | P a g e
Ungezwa sengathi kudingekile ukuba ugcwalise isikhala sokuthula ngokuthi ufake amahlaya
noma imibuzo ngenjongo yokudala umsindo.

Ukungakwazi ukuqhubeka
Uma ukuthula kwenziwa ukuthi sekufike lapho kungasaqhubeki khona zama enye indlela.
 Cabanga izindlela eziningi ezahlukene zokucaza umsebenzi ube izingcucwana
ezincane.
 Ngabe ikhona indlela yokuguqula inkinga?
 Hlaziyani imicabango yenu mhlawumbe kukhona owodwa ongasebenza.

Ukungalingani ekuxoxisaneni eqoqwaneni

Emaqoqwaneni kungenzeka ukuba kube khona ukungalingani lapho kuxoxwa.
 Uma umuntu oyedwa noma ababili bengamela ingxoxo.
 Uma abantu ababili beshintshana ngamazwi.
 Uma singekho isikhala lapho khona abantu abathulayo bengakwazi ukungena
engxoxweni.

Usihlalo noma amalungu eqoqwana angakhuluma ngalokhu kungalingani ngqo:

 Ngokuthi babonge labo abengamelayo ngalokhu asebethe bakusho, bese bebatshela
ukuthi abanye abantu bangathanda nabo ukukhuluma.
 Ngokunika labo abangakakhulumi ithuba lokuthi bakhulume.
 Ngokusho uma kukhona ukungalingani khona iqoqwana lizokudingida.

Ukwazisa iqoqwana ngosuku lwakho noma ngempelasonto yakho kubalulekile, kodwa kunawo
umkhuba wokudla isikhathi. Izinkinga eqoqwaneni zingavuswa izindaba ezishubile,
kubandakanye ukucwasana, ukubukelana phansi, njll.

13 UKUBHALWA KWE-ESEYI
Iyini i-eseyi?
 I-eseyi umbhalo ohlelwe ngendlela engafani njengoba umuntu esuke ezikhulumela nje
nomuntu othile, kuphendulwana.
 Ibhaleke ngobuchwepheshe obuthile obulandela umthetho othile, ayifani nokubhalela
umngani incwadi.

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  Inesihloko, inesingeniso, inomzimba bese iba nesiphetho
 Isihloko esinikezwayo i-eseyi kuye kuthiwe umbuzo noma ingabukeki njengombuzo.
 Lokhu kushiwo ngoba isihloko sisuke sinombuzo othile okufanele ukuba uphendulwe.
isib. Izinga lezingane ezizulazula emigwaqeni emadolobheni liya ngokwenyuka eNingizimu
Afrika.
Ibhalelwani i-eseyi?
 Ukucubungula imininingwanwe ethile mayelana nesihloko.
 Ukuthuthukisa nokuhlela imibono yakho ngokubhala.
 Ukuthuthukisa ikhono lakho lokubhala.
 Ukuveza imibono yakho ngesihloko.

Izinto okufanele uzenze uma ubhala i-eseyi

UFry(1996:17) uveza izindlela ezingakusiza uma uzobhala umsebenzi oyalelwa ukuba uwenze
i-assignment.

1. Yenza uncwaningo ngesihloko kumtapo wolwazi

2. Bhala umzamo wokuqala(1st draft)
3. Yenza ucwaningo ulwengeziwe (uma kunesidingo)
4. Bhala umzamo wesibili(2nd draft)
5. Fundisisa ubhekisise isipelingi
6. Cela omunye akufundisisele umsebenzi wakho
7. Usungawubhala-ke umsebenzi ozowungenisa ukuba ubhekwe uthisha wakho
8. Wufundisise okokugcina bese uyawuhambisa uma usunelisekile

Ukwenza yonke le misebenzi ngomfutho nangokushesha, kudingeka uqaphele isikhathi

nokuhlela kahle. Phela lo msebenzi owenzayo akusiwo kuphela okumele uwenze, kuneminye
okumele uyibhale futhi uyiqede esikhathini esincane kakhulu.
Okumele ukwenze ukuthatha ikhalenda lakho, ubekise usuku lokungenisa umsebenzi wakho
olandelayo, kungenzeka ukuthi luseduze mhlawumbe ngamasonto amane, ayisithupha noma
ayishumi. Hlela ukuchitha okungenani isigamu sehora(30 min) kuya kwisigamu nengxenye
yehora(45 min), kwishedula lakho lonke lokubhala umsebenzi wocwaningo, esinye isikhathi
usisebenzise ukubhala.

47 | P a g e
Beka izikhathi ezithile esontweni ukuze wenze lo msebenzi wakho. Zama ukubekisa isikhathi
esithe xaxa okungenani amahora amabili kuya kwamathathu noma ngaphezulu ukuthi ubhale
umsebenzi.Zinqumele isikhathi ozoqeda ngaso umsebenzi wakho kube okungenani izinsuku
ezimbili ngaphambi kokuba uwuhambise.

Isibonelo

 Khetha isihloko Kanye nendlela ozoyisebenzisa kulo msebenzi

 Yenza uhla lwemithombo yolwazi oyisebenzisile emsebenzini wakho
 Funda lokhu okuyinsiza kusebenza, bese ucaphuna okubalulekile (wenza amanothi )
 Landelisa ngokwenza uhlaka oluhlelekile, usungaqala ubhale umzamo wakho
wokuqala
 Lungisa umsebenzi ubheke amaphutha, bese ulungisa nohla lwemithombo yolwazi
 Fundisisa umsebenzi wakho, usungawubhala ke bese uyawuhambisa

Lokhu kuya ngokuthi unikezwe isikhathi esingakanani futhi uzobhala umsebenzi ongakanani.
Nawe ungazihlelela esakh isikhathi ngomsebenzi wakho ungalandeli isibonelo esingenhla
njengoba sinjalo.

Musa ukuchitha isikhathi

Musa ukuchitha isikhathi eside, kuze kube umzuzu wokugcina noma isonto lokugcina. Uma
wenza kanjalo uzibizela amanzi ngomsele singekho isidingo, ngokwenza lokhu uzogcina
usuhambise umsebenzi ongakugculisi nawe. Vele uwuqale umsebenzi ngokushesha zisuka
amagqozo.

Ukwakha isu ngendlela ozobhala ngayo

Manje usukulungele ukuthatha isinyathelo sokuqala futhi esibalulekile, ekubhaleni
ngempumelelo umsebenzi wakho wocwaningo. Uma ususikhethile isihloko ofuna
ukusebenzela phezu kwaso, kuzomele uqagule izihlokwana noma imibuzo eqonde ngqo. Uma
usukwenzile lokho kuzomele wenze uhlaka okuyilo olumumethe konke ozokubhala ngakho
kulo msebenzi wakho (table of content).

48 | P a g e
Ukukhetha isihloko sakho
kwesinye isikhathii uthisha noma umlekeleli kathisha wakho, uzokukhethela isihloko,
kwesinye isikhathi uthisha wakho angakutshela lokho okufanele ukufunde bese uzikhethela
isihloko esifanele noma esishaya emhlolweni.
Le nkululeko yokuzikhethela isihloko ivamise ukuba nobungozi kwesinye isikhathi. Ake
ucabangisise kahle ngalesi sinqumo, ukukhetha isihloko esingashayi emhlolweni
kungakuholela ophathe.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi khetha isihloko esilula kakhulu, othuka uhlangana naso. Izihloko ezilula
kakhulu zivame ukukuholela emibhalweni engemihle futhi engathandisiseki kodwa-ke
kunezinto okumele uzigweme ezinye zazo okuyilezi ezingezansi ngokukaFry(1996).

Ingozi yokuqala: ukusabalalisa umqondo ngokweqile

Udinga ukubhala umbhalo wesifundo sezenkolo amakhasi ayi-15, futhi ukhethe isihloko
esithi’’Inkolo yamakhatholika kusukela emandulo’’ ake uthathe umzuzwana uyicabangisise
yonke lento: ngabe ungakwazi ngempela ukwenza umsebenzi ogculisayo ngesihloko esikhulu
kangaka ube uzobhala amakhasi ayi-15? phela ungabhala imiqingo ngemiqingo kulesi sihloko,
futhi baningi ababhali asebeke babhlala ngaso.

Kunalokho ungazama ukukhetha indima ethile kulesi sihloko,kunganjani wehlise nemingcele

yakho kusi sihloko esibanzi ngalolu hlobo, okunye ongakwenza ukubheka indlela
ongasiqhamukela ngayo lesi sihloko, mhlawumbe isihloko esithi ‘’inkolo yobukhatholika
ngeminyaka yama-1500

Khumbula, umsebenzi wakho ukwenza umbiko umzulu ngalesi sihloko ozosisebenzisa. Yenza
isiqiniseko sokuthi konke lokhu ukwenza ngokwesilinganiso esidingekayo njengokwemiyalelo
kathisha.

Ingozi yesibili : ukucabanga kancane ungasabalali ngokwanele

Noma kunjalo kumele uyinqunde kakhulu imingcele yakho yokucabanga ngokukhetha isihloko
esilula kakhulu. Uma ukhetha isihloko esibe nokunqundeka ngokwemiqondo eyahlukene/
ongazange usabalale ngokomqondo, ungazithola usuphelelwa izinto ongabhala ngazo
mhlambe ekhasini lesibili lo msebenzi owubhalalayo. Isihloko esifana nelesi ‘’usuku

49 | P a g e
empilweni yomcuphi oyidela kufa’’lesi sihloko singaba indaba emnandi kodwa engaphelela
emakhasini amabili, futhi ngeke siwahlanganise amakhasi ayi-15

Iseluleko: Uma ungatholi ngisho neyodwa incwadi emayelana nesihloko osikhethile, ake
uphinde ucabangisise.

Ingozi yesithathu: ukubhala ngendlela yakho wedwa

Ukukhetha isihloko esingacacile kahle, kungakwenza uthole ulwazi oluncane kakhulu

olumayelana nesihloko sakho, kwesinye isikhathi ungenza umsebenzi osungulwe nguwe
kodwa ongamukelekile ngoba abekho abakufakazelayo kokushoyo.

Okubalulekile ukuthi kumele wenze isiqiniseko sokuthi miningi ngokwanele imithombo yakho
yolwazi, lokho ukwenza ngokuthi wenze ucwaningo ulunzulu mayelana nesihloko sakho.
Imithombo yolwazi eyanele uyithola ngokubheka imibhalo eyenziwe ngabanye ababhali,
nokufunda izincwadi ezahlukene ezincike noma ezihambisana nesihloko sakho (ngoba
ukushoda kwezinto ongabahala ngazo kugcina kukuphoqa ukuthi uze uthathe umsebenzi
wabanye uwubhale sengathi ngowakho( plagiarism).

Ukwenza uhlu lwalokho ongasebenzela phezu kwakho

Cabangisisa kahle konke lokhu osekukhulunye ngakho ngenhla, kumele ucabange ngezihloko
ongabhala ngazo kulo msebenzi, ungacabangi into eyodwa bese uma lapho nje, kumele uthi
ukusabalala kancane kunalokho. Empeleni ibeke phansi kwayona le ncwadi, uccabange
izihloko ezintathu kuya kwezine.
Uma kuwukuthi uyayifuna ngempela indondo ngokusabalalisa umqondo nokucabanga
ngobuchule, kunganjani uzame ukuthola izihloko ezimbili noma ngaphezulu zezifundo zakho
zocwaningo.

13.2 UKUHLELA I-ESEYI

a) Isihloko
Thatha ubhekisise ukuthi kudingekani
 Funda kuzwakale isihloko
 Dwebela amagama akucacisela indlela ozoyilandela ukubhala ngalesi sihloko.

50 | P a g e
isb. Mhlawumbe isihloko sidinga ukuthi uqhathanise okuthile noma sifuna nje uxoxe.
 Dwebela ngokucacile amagama akhombisa ukuthi isihloko singani ngempela.
 Cabangisisa ukuthi yimuphi umbuzo lesi sihloko esiwubuzayo.
 Phinda usibhale ngokwakho isihloko ukuze singene engqondweni.
 Bheka ukuthi izingxenye okufuneka ubhale ngazo zingaki kulesi sihloko.
 Xoxa nomunye ngalesi sihloko.
 Bheka ukuthi isihloko sixhumana kanjani nokufundile noma ozifundele wena
khona.
 Bheka ukuthi yikuphi ozophenya ngakho mayelana nalesi sihloko.
 Zibuze ukuthi yini indaba kufanele kubhaliwe ngalesi sihloko noma kubuzwe
lo mbuzo.
 Eminye yemibuzo engaqhamuka ngesihloko ukuthi, kwenziwa yini lokhu
okufanele kubhalwe ngakho; kwenzeka kuphi; kwenzekelani, njll .
 Beka ukuthi wena ngokwakho uthini ngesihloko uveze nemibono yakho.
 Bheka ukuthi unalo yini olunye ulwazi ongase ufakazise noma uqinisekise
ngalo imibono yakho.
 Zihlole ukuthi yini oyaziyo mayelana nesihloko nokuthi uzolutholaphi futhi
kanjani ulwazi olwengeziwe.

b) Isingeniso sendaba
Esingenisweni sakho isigaba sokuqala kufanele sigxile esihlokweni ukuze umfundi we-eseyi
azi ukuthi ukhuluma ngani. Lokhu ungakwenza ngokuthi usibeke ngendlela yakho engafani
ngqo nenikeziwe.
1. Chaza ukuthi isihloko singani noma umbuzo umayelana nani.
2. Veza ukuthi uzokhuluma ngani, nani. Yiziphi izihlokwana ozokhulumela phezu
kwazo.
3. Chaza kafishane ukuthi uzokwenza kanjani lokhu, Isb. mhlawumbe ekubhaleni
kwakho ngalesi sihloko uzosicacisa ngemibono yabanye abantu noma
yezinjulalwazi ezithile. Le ngxenye kufanele ibe ngu (1/10) we-eseyi.
c) Umzimba
Lapha ukhulisa ingxoxo yakho noma ukucabanga kwakho.
Isigaba sokuqala

51 | P a g e
  Lesi sigaba sigxile entweni yokuqala isingeniso sakho esithe sizokhuluma
ngayo.
 Umusho wokuqala wethula okusemqoka lesi sigaba esikhuluma ngakho.
 Eminye imisho ikhulisa umusho, lo wokuqala oyisihloko sesigaba.
 Le misho kufanele ibandakanye izibonelo, imininingwane, okucashuniwe,
imithombo yolwazi esetshenzisiwe konke kuhambisane nesihloko.
 Umusho wokugcina mawube nokuxhumana nesigaba esilandelayo.

Isigaba sesibili
 Umusho wokuqala mawuxhume lesi sigaba kuleso esingaphambili.
 Yethula umqondo obalulekile omayelana nalesi sigaba.
 Eminye imisho ikhulisa isihloko salesi sigaba.
Isiphetho
 Esiphethweni sakho gcizelela futhi isihloko sakho ukukhombisa ukuthi
usaphendula umbuzo wesihloko.
 Bhala kafishane ngobukhuluma ngakho ube ugcizelela umqondo osemqoka.
 Veza ukuthi uphetha ngokuthini mayelana nesihloko.
 Makucace ukuthi le mibono ophetha ngayo isemqoka ngani.
 Umusho wakho wokuphetha wuxhumanise nesihloko sakho.

d) Imithombo yolwazi
Bhala uhlu lwemithombo yolwazi oyisebenzisile ngendlela ofundiswe ngayo.

14 UKUKHOMBISA IMITHOMBO YOLWAZI NOKUGWEMA UKUKOPELA

Harvard Style of referencing: indlela yokuveza imithombo yolwazi, esetshenziswa kakhulu

abafundi baseNyuvesi, ukuveza ulwazi abalusebenzisile. Kunezindlela ezimbili ezixube:
Ukuveza imithombo yolwazi ngaphakathi emibhalweni lapho kusuke kucashunwe khona
umbhalo womuntu othile unjengoba unjalo noma uwubhale ngamagama akho. Lolu hlobo
lokuvezwa kwemithombo yolwazi lutholakala kuphela ngaphakathi emibhalweni, ukuveza
ingxenyana yemithombo yolwazi epheleleyo.

52 | P a g e
 Incwadi:
1. Igama lombhali noma lowo oyilungisile (the author's or editor's name )
2. Unyaka leyo ncwadi eyashicilelwa ngawo
3. Isihloko sencwadi
4. Uma kuyi-edition kuveze ukuthi eyesingaki
5. Idolobha lapho kwashicilelwa khona
6. Igama lomshicileli

Ukuveza umthombo wolwazi othathwe kwi-article yejenali:

1. Isibongo sombhali kanye nezipelomagama(initials) Author(s) name and initials.
2. Isihloko se-article (between single quotation marks)
3. Isihloko se-journal (in italics)
4. Neminye imininingwane yokushicilelwa (volume, number etc.)
5. Ikhasi lapho ulwazi lutholakala khona
6. Unyaka, inyanga kanye nosuku owafunda ngayo leyo-article (the date you accessed the
article)

Indlela yesibili yokuveza imithombo yolwazi embhalweni

1. Bhala umthombo wolwazi njalo eduze kombhalo owucaphunile

2. Sebenzisa ama-Turabian footnotes. ...

Uwuveza kanjani umthombo wolwazi usulungisiwe ngokwendlela ka-Harvard

(How do you reference an edited book Harvard style?)

Izeluleko
1. Kumele uqikelele ukuthi igama lomnikazi womsebenzi Kanye nalowo okade ewulungisa
(editor) Kanye nesihloko sezahluko zombili ziyavela.
2. Igama lalowo ubewulungisa umsebenzi kumele lilandelwe u- ed. or eds.
3. Bhala igama In: ngaphambi kwegama lalowo obewulungisa umsebenzi ukuveza ukuthi lowo
mthombo wolwazi isahluko esisencwadini

Uwuveza kanjani umthombo wolwazi wesibili(secondary source)?

Nikeza umthombo wolwazi wesibili ekhasini lokuveza yonke imithombo yolwazi.

Ngaphakathi embhalweni veza umnikazi womsebenzi ovela okokuqala bese uveza umthombo
wolwazi walowo wesibili : isibonelo :Uma umsebenzi ka All Port ucashunywe uNicholson
wena ungawufundanga umsebenzi ka –AllPort, Veza umthombo wolwazi ka Nicholson
ngasekugcineni ekhasini lokuveza imithombo yolwazi.

53 | P a g e
Ukukopela

Enye yezinkinga ezikoleni kubafundi abaningi ukukopishwa kwemisebenzi noma ukukopela

kwabanye abafundi. Abafundi badinga ukuvimbela lokho ukuthi kungenzeki. Enye inking ethi
ayifane yilapho abafundi bephambanisa phakathi kokucinga ulwazi nokwenza ucwaningo
ngokomoya. Lokhu ikakhulu kazi kuholela ekukopisheni uma nje bevele bekopisha
okutholakala kwi-internet kwimsebenziyabo ebhaliwe.

Ukusebenzisa umsebenzi womunye umuntu ngaphandle kokuthi ukhombise umthombo lapho

uthathe khona ulwazi. Lokhu kubandakanya:

 Ukusebenzisa amagama afanayo noma acishe afane njengalawo asetshenziswe

embhalweni othile otholakala ezindlini zokufundela, ezinhlelweni
zakumabonakude, ezincwadini, noma ikuphi.
 Ukusebenzisa imibono yabanye abantu ngaphandle kokuthi usho ukuthi leyo
mibono ekabani.
 Ukubeka ngamagama afanayo lokho okufundile noma lokhu okuzwile bese
ungasho ukuthi ukuthathephi.
Noma kuthiwa ushintsha amagama noma imisho ‘oyibolekile’ noma ubeka ngokwehlukile,
imiphumela kusewukukopela uma ungasho ukuthi ukuthathephi.

Ukukopela kuthathwa njengento esemqoka, futhi umsebenzi okotsheliwe awunakwa futhi uma
ubanjiwe ukuthi ukopelile uyajeziswa ngezindlela ezithile.

Ukusebenzisa amagama omunye umuntu

Amagama omunye umuntu kumele:

 Ungawasebenzisi njalo ngaphandle uma kufanelekile ukuthi asetshenziswe.

 Ungasebenzisa amagama ambalwa, nemigqa embalwa kodwa hhayi ikhasi
lonke noma isahluko sonke okanye incwadi yonke.
Ekubhaleni amagama omunye umuntu kumele:

 Ukopele amagama kanye nezimpawu njengoba zinjalo.

 Sebenzisa amachashaza amathathu ukukhombisa umusho ongaphelele.
 Beka izimpawu ezikhomibisa ukuthi amagama awomunye umuntu.
 Yisho ukuthi amagama omunye umuntu avelaphi.

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Yiba nokuzigqaja ngokusebenzisa amagama akho

Sebenzisa amagama akho, noma ucabanga ukuthi awuzobeka kahle inkulumo, abalulekile
kunalawo ombhalo owukopelile.

Ukugwema kanjani ukukopela?

 Bhala wonke amanothi ngamagama akho.

 Bhala phansi ukuthi ulufundephi lolu lwazi olufake emanothini akho.
 Emsebenzini wakho wocwaningo, bhala ukuthi imibono kanye nolwazi
ukuthathephi:
- Khombisa imithombo yolwazi yomsebenzi wakho.
- Yenza kucace uma usebenzisa amagama omunye umuntu ngqo.
- Bhala uhlu lonke lwemithombo futhi uma kudingeka, bhala zonke izincwadi
ozifundile.
Uma unomkhuba wokukopela:

 Beka ipeni lakho kude nawe.

 Funda isiqeshana ngaphandle kokuthatha amanothi.
 Yima ukufunda ebese umboza ikhasi.
 Bhala kafushane lokho osukufundile. Uma kungenzeka kusho ukhulumela
ngaphandle noma uziqophe, khona uzozwa amagama akho ngezwi lakho.
 Uma usukwazi ukusho ukuthi isiqeshana simayelana nani, bhala phansi ngamagama
akho.
 Uma ufuna ukukopisha umsebenzi ongawusebenzisa njengamagama omunye
umuntu, bhala ngombala ohlukile khona uzowuthola kalula. Umbala uzokusiza
ukuthi wazi ukuthi kungakanani okukopishile.

Kungani imithombo yolwazi ibalulekile?

Emibhalweni yezemfundo kubalulekile ukuthi uveze ngokucacile imibono nolwazi lwakho

kanye nemibono nolwazi oluvela kwabanye abantu asebebhalile mayelana nesihloko obhala
noma okhuluma ngaso. Lokhu kusiza ukuthi noma umuntu efuna ukuzifundela yena aqonde
ngqo kuyona leyo mithombo.

Kunezizathu ezinhlanu eziveza ukubaluleka kokuveza ukuthi ulwazi uluthathephi:

55 | P a g e
1. Usuke ukhombisa ukuhlonipha lowo muntu osuke usebenzisa imibono yakhe.

2. Ngokuthi uveze umthombo ukhombisa lowo osuke efunda ukuthi awenzi umsebenzi
womunye umuntu kube sengathi owakho. (Awukopeli umsebenzi womunye umuntu).

3. Ukuveza ukuthi umbono uwuthathephi kusiza ukuthi umuntu ofundayo akwazi ukuzifundela
yena incwadi uqobo, uma enesifiso.

4. Uma udinga ukubheka okuthile emva kwesikhathi, ukuveza lapho ulwazi uluthathe khona
kuzokusiza ukuthi lutholakale kalula.

5. Abantu bazokwethemba lokho okushoyo uma bebona ukuthi ulwazi lwakho luvelaphi.
Ukuveza kahle imithombo yakho yolwazi kukhombisa ukuthi uwahlolisisile amaqiniso akho.

Udinga nini ukunikeza imithombo yolwazi?

Kufanele uveze umthombo wolwazi noma yinini uma uwusebenzisile:

 njengolwazi olukukhuthazayo.
 njengomthombo wenjulalwazi ethile, noma wengxoxompikiswano noma womqondo
othile.
 njengolwazi lwezokubhala, lwezibonelo noma lwezocwaningo .
 ngokucaphuna amagama omunye umuntu ngqo.
 njengombhalo obhalwe ngamagama akho ongathathiwe njengoba unjalo.
Ngabe yimiphi imininingwane yolwazi edingekayo emithonjeni yolwazi?

Awucabange nje ukuba nawe ufuna ukuzifundela umbhalo womunye umuntu. Ngabe yiluphi
ulwazi ongaludinga ukuthola lowo mbhalo kalula? Ulwazi luvamise ukubandakanya lokhu:

 Igama lombhali noma ababhali

 Isihloko, ngokugcwele
 Unyaka incwadi eyabhalwa ngawo
 Amaphepha akumajenali, inombolo yaleyo jenali kanye nenombolo ngokukhishwa
kwayo
 Ukuthi incwadi isikhishwa okwesingaki, uma kudingeka
 Indawo la eyakhishwa khona
 Igama lomkhiphi
 Izinombolo zamakhasi asuke efundiwe

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Ungazi uma kudingeka ulwazi olunezeleliwe. Njengesibonelo, ukuthola isithombe, ungadinga
igama lomtapo wolwazi, uhlobo lwemibhalo oyidingayo, kanye nenombolo yekhathalogi
yaleyo ncwadi oyifunayo kulolo hlobo lwezincwadi ozidingayo. Umbuzo obalulekile
ukuwubuza ukuthi, ‘Ngabe omunye umuntu angakwazi ukuthola umthombo wolwazi ngale
mininingwane engiyinikile?’

Uyikhombisa kanjani le mithombo yolwazi ?

Embhalweni

Uma usebenzisa umsebenzi womunye umuntu khombisa ukuthi lo msebenzi owomunuye

umuntu.

Sebenzisa indlela enconywe abafundisi bakho. Ngokujwayelekile lokhu kuzoba isibongo

sombhali noma ababhali, unyaka eyashicilelwa ngawo, kanye nekhasi noma amakhasi,
ngokusebenzisa abakaki lapho ubhala unyaka nekhasi: Bheka le ndlela okubhalwa ngayo
ngezansi.

...njengoba kubona uCohen noSmith (1987:56), ukuthi…

…abacubunguli ababili (Cohen and Smith 1987:56) babona...

Ukukhombisa imthombo yolwazi

Ziningi izindlela ongakhombisa ngazo imithombo yomsebenzi wakho. Bheka ukuthi ngabe
ubhekeke ukuba usebenzise yiphi indlela yokwethula imithombo yolwazi esifundweni sakho.
Uma kungenjalo sebenzisa uhlelo oluveza umbhali nosuku.

Uhlelo oluveza umbhali nosuku

Uma usebenzise imibhalo yabanye abantu yibonise. Kungaba ngaphakathi emshweni noma
ngasekugcineni kwemisho, libhale igama lombhali, usuku eyabhalwa ngalo incwadi kanye
nezinombolo zamakhasi. Imininingwano yezincwadi ezisetshenzisiwe kumele ibhalwe
ngokugcwele, ohlwini lapho kwethulwa khona ababhali nezincwadi abazibhalile.

Ukucaphuna imibhalo

Nazi izindlela ezahlukene zokusebenzisa imithombo.

Ukucaphuna ngokufingqiwe - ngaphakathi emibhalweni

57 | P a g e
Nonetheless, the film was deliberately inaccurate about the life of Jose Marti. Jesus Colon
(1982:82) pointed this out when he wrote, ‘Jose Marti never had a mansion or a hut of his own.
Needless to say, he never had slaves’.

Ukubeka ngamagama akho, okusuke kubhalwe umbhali

Nonetheless, the film was deliberately inaccurate about Jose Marti, who, contrary to the image
depicted in American films, spent much of his life in poverty (Colon, 1982:81-82).

Ukucaphuna ngamagama amade

Amagama ambalwa, akhethwe ngokuqikelela, enza umcaphuno ube nesigqi futhi kukhombisa
ukuthi uyakwazi ukukhetha ngokucophelela. Gwema ukusebenzisa imicaphuno emide,
ayidingekile ngaleyo ndlela. Uma amagama okucashuniwe emade futhi edingeka, nciphisa
ngohlelo olukukhompuyutha bese ushiya isikhala ngaphezulu nangaphansi. Bhala
okucashuniwe ngokucacile ukuxhumanise nemisho bese ukuveza egxoxweni yakho ukuthi
kuhambisana kanjani nengxoxo yakho.

Uhlu lwababhali

Uhlu ‘lwababhali’ ekugcineni kwe-eseyi, okubhekene noColon kubukeka kanjena

(ngokuhleleka ngonkamisa):

Colon, J. 1982. A Puerto Rican in New York and Other Sketches, 2nd edition. New York:
International Publishers

Izindlela ezisizayo ekungeniseni umbhalo womunye umuntu

 Njengoba u X ekhombisa, …
 Njengoba uX, …
 Ukucaphuna ku X, …
 uX usho/ uyakukhombisa ukuthi, …
 Ephepheni elithi Name of the Text, uX uyachaza ukuthi, …
 Mayelana, … uX uthi,…
 Encwadini I Name of Text, uX uyachaza ukuthi, …
 Ebhala ku Name of Text , uX uyachaza ukuthi, …

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  Ebhala ngowe-926, u X uxoxa uthi, ...
Angry at Hollywood version of Latin America history, Jesus Colon wrote: After pictures like
Zapata and Santiago we can only hope that these Hollywood vulgarisers and distorters, without
the least bit of respect for the history and culture of our Latin American nations, won’t lay their
bovine eyes upon epic themes like the Aztec struggles against Cortes’ conquest of Mexico, or
Sandino’s fight against American imperialism …(1982:84)

La siyabona ukuthi uColon uwubheka ngomqondo ojulile umlando wase Latin America
okhiqizwe eMelika.

Imigomo uma kubhalwa imithombo yolwazi

 Ungazifaki izinombolo.
 Qala umthombo ngamunye emugqeni omusha.
 Bhala amagama ngokulandelana konkamisa, ngezibongo zababhali.
 Uma usebenzisa umsebenzi womuntu oyedwa futhi okhishwe ngonyaka owodwa,
lokho kubhale kanje a,b,c... (1999ª , 1999b, 1999c,...) embhalweni kanye nasohleni
lwemibhalo.
 Bhala ulwazi ngendlela efanayo (umbhali, usuku, isihloko, indawo, umshicileli)
njengezibonelo ezingezansi noma ngendlela umfundisi wesifundo sakho ayincomayo.
 Dwebela isihloko sencwadi noma ijenali (noma usebenzise uhlelo lwekhompuyutha
olubizwa nge-italics, uma lukhona)
Bandakanya:

 Yonke imithombo yolwazi oyisebenzisile, ngisho amavidiyo, umabonakude,

okuqoshiwe, nokunye okufana nakho.
 Ungayifaki imithombo yolwazi ongayisebenzisanga ekubhaleni umsebenzi wakho
ocutshunguliwe.
 Bhala imithombo engezeliwe, okungabe uyifundile kodwa wangayisebenzisa, ohlwini
lwakho lwemithombo.
Izibonelo:

Incwadi:

Bailey, P. 1978. Leisure and Class in Victorian England. London: Methuen

Isahluko esicashunwe encwadini:

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Blanton, L.L. 1994. Discourse, artefacts and the Ozarks: Understanding academic literacy, in
Zamel, V. & Spack, R (eds) Negotiating academic literacies: Teaching and learning across
languages and cultures. New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. 235-319

Thesis or Dissertation:

Ndlovu, H. 2012. A socio-cultural approach to code-switching: A contribution to spoken

language corpora. MA thesis. Durban. University of KwaZulu Natal.

Ijenali:

Mazibuko, G.B. 2014. The use of Indigenous Names in Naming KwaZulu-Natal

Municipalities. Nomina Africana. Vol. 28 (1): 97-106

Ukubhala umthombo ongumthetho, nokunye:

Republic of South Africa. 2000. National Youth Amendment Act 19 of 2000. Pretoria:
Government Printer.

Inthanethi

Guidelines for using charts and graphs.2005. [online]. Available:

http:sandhills.edu/wordguide/chartadvice.html [2006, February 23]

Uhlu lwemithombo esetshenzisiwe

Uhlu lwemithombo oyisebenzisile lukhombisa lokho okufundile ekwenzeni umsebenzi wakho

ocutshunguliwe. Luveza okufundile wakucaphuna nalokho okufundile kodwa
wangakucaphuna. Umfundisi wakho angancamela lolu hlu olunjena kunalolo oluveza
izincwadi ozifundile kuphela noma angafuna kokubili. Sebenzisa indlela efanayo naleyo
oyisebenzisile lapho ubhala imithombo oyisebenzisile.

Ezinye Izibonelo

According to Dlamini(1986:2) lobola is no longer important in our today’s generation.

Dlamini (1986:2) argues that lobola is no longer important in our today’s generation.

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Ilobolo is no longer important in our today’s generation(Dlamini,1986:2)

Ilobobo ngokukaDlamini is no longer important in our today’s generation(1986:2).

Banda (2002:5) cuncur with Dlamini(1986) when states that loboba is only relevant only to the
traditional societies who still embrace the velues of culture. But Kunene disagree with the
above statement when explain lobola as African people’s identity.

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