Diode Circuits
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Reference Books
1. Donald A. Neamen, Electronic Circuits: Analysis and Design, Third Edition, McGraw-Hill.
2. Donald A. Neamen, Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill.
3. Boylstead R.L., Nashelsky L., Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Pearson.
4. Floyd T.L., Buchla D.L., Electronics Fundamentals: Circuits, Devices and Applications, Pearson.
5. Millman J., Halkias C.C., Jit S., Electronic Devices and Circuits, McGraw-Hill.
6. Dorf R.C., Smith R.J., Circuits, Devices and Systems: A First Course in Electrical Engineering, Wiley.
7. Adel S. Sedra, Kenneth C. Smith: Microelectronic Circuits: Theory and Applications, Oxford.
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Different Types of Diodes
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Application of Diode Circuits
• Rectification in Power Supplies
• Voltage Multipliers
• Clipper Circuits
• Clamping Circuits
• Protection Circuits
• Logic Gates
• Light Emission
• Light Detection
• AM Envelope Detector
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AC to DC Conversion (Rectification)
Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill (Chapter 2) 5
Half-Wave Rectification
Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill 6
Half-Wave Rectification….
Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill 7
Full-Wave Rectification Circuit with Center-tapped Transformer
Positive Output Voltage (𝑣𝑂 )
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑠 > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑠 > 𝑉𝛾 , 𝐷1 𝑖𝑠 𝑂𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑂 = 𝑣𝑠 − 𝑉𝛾
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑠 < 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑠 < −𝑉𝛾 , 𝐷2 𝑖𝑠 𝑂𝑁 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑣𝑂 = −𝑣𝑠 − 𝑉𝛾
For Negative Output Voltage
(𝑣𝑂 ), connect D1 and D2 in
the opposite direction
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Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill
Full-Wave Rectification Circuit (Bridge Rectifier)
Positive Output Voltage (𝑣𝑂 )
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑠 > 0, 𝐷1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷2 are 𝑂𝑁
𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑣𝑠 < 0 , 𝐷3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐷4 are 𝑂𝑁
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Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill
Full-Wave Rectification Circuit (Bridge Rectifier)
Negative Output Voltage (𝑣𝑂 )
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Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill
Filter Capacitor at Rectifier’s Output
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Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill
Filter Capacitor at Rectifier’s Output
• t ’ is the time after the output has reached its peak value
• T ’ is the discharge time
• 𝑇𝑝 is the time between peak values of the output voltage
• f is the signal frequency
If the ripple effect is small
• Output voltage across filter capacitor
• For a full-wave rectifier, 𝑇𝑝 is one-half the signal period
• Minimum output voltage across filter capacitor
• For a half-wave rectifier, 𝑇𝑝 is corresponds to a full signal period
• Output voltage ripple across filter capacitor
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Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill
Diode and Capacitor Current in Full-wave Rectifier
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Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill
Diode and Capacitor Current in Full-wave Rectifier
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Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill
Diode and Capacitor Current in Full-wave Rectifier
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Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill
AM Envelope Detector Circuit
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Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill
Voltage Doubler Circuit
Half-wave
Full-wave
Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill 17
Zener Diode Based Ideal Voltage Reference Circuit
Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill 18
Zener Diode Based Ideal Voltage Reference Circuit
If we consider
Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill 19
Diode Based Clipper Circuit
D1 is OFF D1 is ON
Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill 20
Diode Based Clipper Circuit
Batteries have been replaced with zener diodes
Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill 21
Diode Based Clamper Circuit
Assumption
Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill 22
Diode Based Clamper Circuit
Reference Book: Microelectronics Circuit: Analysis and Design by Donald A. Neamen, Fourth Edition, McGraw-Hill 23
Multi-diode Circuits
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Diode based Logic Circuits (OR Gate)
D1 OFF D2 OFF
D1 ON D2 OFF
D1 OFF D2 ON
D1 ON D2 ON
By definition, in a positive logic system, a
voltage near zero corresponds to a logic 0
and a voltage close to the supply voltage
of 5 V corresponds to a logic 1.
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Diode based Logic Circuits (AND Gate)
D1 OFF D2 OFF
D1 ON D2 OFF
D1 OFF D2 ON
D1 ON D2 ON
By definition, in a positive logic system, a
voltage near zero corresponds to a logic 0
and a voltage close to the supply voltage
of 5 V corresponds to a logic 1.
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Photodiode Circuit
Figure 2.44 shows a typical photodiode circuit in which a reverse-
bias voltage is applied to the photodiode. If the photon intensity is
zero, the only current through the diode is the reverse-saturation
current, which is normally very small.
Photons striking the diode create excess electrons and holes in the
space-charge region. The electric field quickly separates these
excess carriers and sweeps them out of the space-charge region,
thus creating a photocurrent in the reverse-bias direction.
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LED Circuits
A light-emitting diode (LED) is the inverse of a photodiode; that is, a current is
converted into an optical signal. If the diode is forward biased, electrons and holes are
injected across the space-charge region, where they become excess minority carriers. These
excess minority carriers diffuse into the neutral n- and p-regions, where they recombine
with majority carriers, and the recombination can result in the emission of a photon.
LEDs are fabricated from compound semiconductor materials, such as gallium
arsenide or gallium arsenide phosphide. These materials are direct-bandgap
semiconductors. Because these materials have higher bandgap energies than silicon, the
forward-bias junction voltage is larger than that in silicon-based diodes.
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LED Circuits…
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