Chapter One: Computerized Accounting System

Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, the students will be able to:
 Define a computerized accounting system.
 Distinguish between a manual and computerized accounting.
 List and discuss the advantage and limitations of computerized accounting system.
1.1 Introduction
Dear Distance Students! Welcome to the course Accounting Software Application. As you
know accounting is the process of identifying, measuring, recording, and communicating
economic information about an organization or other entity, in order to permit informed
judgments by users of the information.
Accounting systems collect and process data from transactions and events, organize them in
useful reports and communicate results to decision makers. Three main steps are involved in
processing business transaction. First, the financial information collected from source
documents (source document: an original document containing information about a
transaction), verified, and analyzed to determine how it will be recorded. Next, the transactions
are recorded (manually recorded in the journal or electronically in the computer). Finally,
reports are produced, analyzed and summarized the financial information.
In doing so, accounting systems consists of people, records, methods, and equipment. The
systems are designed to capture information about a company’s transactions and to provide
output including financial, managerial and tax reports. All accounting information systems have
these same goals, and thus share some basic components. These components apply whether or
not a system is heavily computerized, yet the components of computerized systems usually
provide more accuracy, speed, efficiency, and convenience than those of manual systems.
1.2 Comparison between Manual and Computerized Accounting
Accounting, by definition, is the process of identifying, recording, classifying and
summarizing financial transactions to produce the financial reports for their ultimate analysis.
Let us understand these activities in the context of manual and computerized accounting system.
 Identifying: The identification of transactions, based on application of accounting principles
is, common to both manual and computerized accounting system.
 Recording: The recording of financial transactions, in manual accounting system is through
books of original entries while the data content of such transactions is stored in a well-
designed accounting database in computerized accounting system.
 Classification: In a manual accounting system, transactions recorded in the books of original
entry are further classified by posting into ledger accounts. This results in transaction data
duplicity. In computerized accounting, no such data duplication is made to cause
classification of transactions. In order to produce ledger accounts, the stored transaction data
is processed to appear as classified so that the same is presented in the form of a report.
Different forms of the same transaction data are made available for being presented in various
reports.

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 Summarizing: The transactions are summarized to produce trial balance in manual
accounting system by ascertaining the balances of various accounts. As a result, preparation
of ledger accounts becomes a prerequisite for preparing the trial balance. However, in
computerized accounting, the originally stored transactions data are processed to mix out the
list of balances of various accounts to be finally shown in the trial balance report. The
generation of ledger accounts is not a necessary condition for producing trial balance in a
computerized accounting system.
 Adjusting Entries: In a manual accounting system, these entries are made to adhere to the
principle of cost matching revenue. These entries are recorded to match the expenses of the
accounting period with the revenues generated by them. Some other adjusting entries may be
made as part of errors and rectification. However, in computerized accounting, Journal vouchers are
prepared and stored to follow the principle of cost matching revenue, but there is nothing like passing
adjusting entries for errors and rectification, except for rectifying an error of principle by having
recorded a wrong voucher such as using payment voucher for a receipt transaction.
 Financial Statements: In a manual system of accounting, the preparation of financial
statements pre-supposes the availability of trial balance. However, in computerized
accounting, there is no such requirement. The generation of financial statements is
independent of producing the trial balance because such statements can be prepared by direct
processing of originally stored transaction data.
 Closing: After the preparation of financial reports, the accountants make preparations for the
next accounting period. This is achieved by posting of closing and reversing journal entries.
In computerized accounting, there is year-end processing to create and store opening balances
of accounts in database. It may be observed that conceptually, the accounting process is
identical regardless of the technology used.
1.3 Advantages of Computerized Accounting System
Computerized accounting offers several advantages vis-a-vis manual accounting, these are
summarized as follows:
 Speed: Accounting data is processed faster by using a computerized accounting system than
it is achieved through manual efforts. This is because computers require far less time than
human beings in performing a task.
 Accuracy: The possibility of error is eliminated in a computerized accounting system
because the primary accounting data is entered once for all the subsequent usage and
processes in preparing the accounting reports. Normally, accounting errors in a manual
accounting system occur because of repeated posting of same set of original data by several
times while preparing different types of accounting reports.
 Reliability: The computer system is well-adapted to performing repetitive operations. They
are immune to tiredness, boredom or fatigue. As a result, computers are highly reliable
compared to human beings. Since computerized accounting system relies heavily on
computers, they are relatively more reliable than manual accounting systems.
 Up-to-Date Information: The accounting records, in a computerized accounting system are
updated automatically as and when accounting data is entered and stored. Therefore, latest
information pertaining to accounts get reflected when accounting reports are produced and
printed. For example, when accounting data pertaining to a transaction regarding cash

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 purchase of goods is entered and stored, the cash account, purchase account and also the
financial statements (trading and profit and loss account) reflect the impact immediately.
 Real Time User Interface: Most of the automated accounting systems are inter-linked
through a network of computers. This facilitates the availability of information to various
users at the same time on a real time basis (that is spontaneously).
 Automated Document Production: Most of the computerized accounting systems have
standardized, user defined format of accounting reports that are generated automatically. The
accounting reports such as Cash book, Trial balance, Statement of accounts are obtained just
by click of a mouse in a computerized accounting environment.
 Scalability: In a computerized accounting system, the requirement of additional manpower is
confined to data entry operators for storing additional vouchers. The additional cost of
processing additional transactions is almost negligible. As a result, the computerized
accounting systems are highly scalable.
 Legibility: The data displayed on computer monitor is legible. This is because the characters
(alphabets, numerals, etc.) are type written using standard fonts. This helps in avoiding errors
caused by untidy written figures in a manual accounting system.
 Efficiency: The computer based accounting systems ensure better use of resources and time.
This brings about efficiency in generating decisions, useful information and reports.
 Quality Reports: The inbuilt checks and untouchable features of data handling facilitate
hygienic and true accounting reports that are highly objective and can be relied upon.
 Management Information System Reports: The computerized accounting system facilitates
the real time production of management information reports, which will help management to
monitor and control the business effectively. Debtors’ analysis would indicate the
possibilities of defaults (or bad debts) and also concentration of debt and its impact on the
balance sheet. For example, if the company has a policy of restricting the credit sales by a
fixed amount to a given party, the information is available on the computer system immediately when
every voucher is entered through the data entry form. However, it takes time when it comes to a
manual accounting system. Besides, the results may not be accurate.
 Storage and Retrieval: The computerized accounting system allows the users to store data in
a manner that does not require a large amount of physical space. This is because the
accounting data is stored in hard-disks, CD-ROMs, floppies that occupy a fraction of physical
space compared to books of accounts in the form of ledger, journal and other accounting
registers. Besides, the system permits fast and accurate retrieval of data and information.
 Motivation and Employees Interest: The computer system requires a specialized training of
staff, which makes them feel more valued. This motivates them to develop interest in the job.
However, it may also cause resistance when we switch over from a manual system, to a
computer system.
Self-Study Activity
1. Define the term accounting.
2. What is computerized accounting?
3. Distinguish between computerized and manual accounting.
4. Write some advantages and disadvantages of computerized accounting.
1.4 Limitations of Computerized Accounting System

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The main limitations emerge out of the environment in which the computerized accounting
system is made to operate. These limitations are as given below:
 Cost of Training: The sophisticated computerized accounting packages generally require
specialized staff personnel. As a result, a huge training costs are incurred to understand the
use of hardware and software on a continuous basis because newer types of hardware and
software are acquired to ensure efficient and effective use of computerized accounting
systems.
 Staff Opposition: Whenever the accounting system is computerized, there is a significant
degree of resistance from the existing accounting staff, partly because of the fear that they
shall be made redundant and largely because of the perception that they shall be less
important to the organization.
 Disruption: The accounting processes suffer a significant loss of work time when an
organization switches over to the computerized accounting system. This is due to changes in
the working environment that requires accounting staff to adapt to new systems and
procedures.
 System Failure: The danger of the system crashing due to hardware failures and the
subsequent loss of work is a serious limitation of computerized accounting system. However,
providing for back-up arrangements can obviate this limitation. Software damage and failure
may occur due to attacks by viruses. This is of particular relevance to accounting systems that
extensively use Internet facility for their online operations. No full proof solutions are
available as of now to tackle the menace of attacks on software by viruses.
 Inability to Check Unanticipated Errors: Since the computers lack capability to judge, they
cannot detect unanticipated errors as human beings commit. This is because the software to
detect and check errors is a set of programs for known and anticipated errors.
 Breaches of Security: Computer related crimes are difficult to detect as any alteration of data
may go unnoticed. The alteration of records in a manual accounting system is easily detected
by first sight. Fraud and embezzlement are usually committed on a computerized accounting
system by alteration of data or programs. Hacking of passwords or user rights may change the
accounting records. This is achieved by tapping telecommunications lines, wire-tapping or
decoding of programs. Also, the people responsible for tampering of data cannot be located
which in a manual system is relatively easier to detect.
 Ill-effects on Health: The extensive use of computers systems may lead to development of
various health problems: bad backs, eyestrain, muscular pains, etc. This affects adversely the
working efficiency of accounting staff on one hand and increased medical expenditure on
such staff on the other.
1.5 Summary
Computerized Accounting System: A computerized accounting system is an accounting
information system that processes the financial transactions and events to produce reports as per
user requirements. It is based on the concept of database and has two basic requirements: (a)
Accounting framework and (b) Operating Procedure. Advantages of Computerized Accounting
System includes: Speed, Accuracy, Reliability, Up-to- date, Scalability, Legibility, Efficiency,
Quality Report, Management Information System Reports, Real time user interface, Storage and
Retrieval, Motivation and Employees interest and Automated document production. Limitations
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of Computerized Accounting System includes: Cost of training, Staff Opposition, Disruption,
System failure, Breaches of security, Ill-effects on health and Inability to check unanticipated
errors.

Chapter End Questions

1. device capture information from source documents and enable its transfer to
the system’s information processing component.
a) Input device
b) Output device
c) Printer
d) Monitors
2. Which one of the following is limitation of computer based system?
a) Speed
b) Accuracy
c) Cost
d) All of the above

Answers for chapter end questions

1. a 2. b

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 Chapter Two: Installing Peachtree Software
Learning Objective
After studying this chapter the students will be able to:
 Install the Peachtree accounting software.
 Register the Peachtree accounting software.
 Start using the Peachtree accounting software.
2.1. Introduction
Multipurpose off-the-shelf (readymade) software applications exist for a variety of business
operations. These include familiar accounting programs such as Peachtree and QuickBooks. Off-
the-shelf programs are designed to be user friendly and menu driven, and many operate more
efficiently as integrated systems. In an integrated system, actions taken in one part of the system
automatically affect related parts. For instance, when a credit sale is recorded in an integrated
system several parts of the system are automatically updated, such as posting to the ledger.
Peachtree accounting software for windows use accounting principles and work for all types of
businesses. It performs all steps in the accounting cycle, from recording business transactions to
generating reports; in addition, the software can analyze financial data and can provide time
management. Hence, the software requires a minimum hardware configuration. Besides,
Peachtree software has many versions depending on the advancements of Peachtree software
engineers and anybody can purchase the software and use.
2.2. Installing Peachtree Software
Dear Distance Students! This section deals about installing Peachtree software on only one
computer. However, the software can also be installed in a networked server. Installing Peachtree
software on only one computer, the Peachtree program files and company data files will be put on
that computer. The followings are the steps required to install Peachtree programs. To install on
a single computer:

1. Exit all programs and disable virus-protection and screen saver programs on your computer.
This frees up memory and avoids interference with the Peachtree setup process.
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your company
one step. settings when
bottom of each window let you go back, move forward, or cancel the setup process. The
Help button giv

es you immediate assistance for the current setup window.

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 2. Insert the Peachtree disc in your CD-ROM drive. The Peachtree Autorun window
automatically appears; it has a menu of options, including the installation of Peachtree and its
components. NB: If the Autorun window does not automatically appear, do the following:
From the Windows Start menu, select Run. Type “D:SETUP” and click OK. (Substitute the
appropriate drive letter for your CD-ROM drive.)

The Peachtree Accounting Setup - Welcome window appears. It tells you what to expect when
you run the Setup program. Read the information and instructions on the window, and then select
Next. NB: To stop and exit setup at any time, select the Cancel button. For help on any window
in the Peachtree Setup program, select the Help button.
i. Read the Licensing Agreement, and if you accept the terms, select the Agree option.
Select
Next. (If you select Disagree, you will exit the setup program when you click Next.)

ii. Then, Peachtree will notify you to disable antiviruses by providing the following dialog box.
So, you have to temporally turn off any antiviruses and click ok.

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iii. After clicking the ‘ok’ button the installation progress shows like as the following picture.
iv. The Serial number window opens. Enter the serial number on your CD cover here and click
Next.
v. After the serial number entered and clicked the ‘next’ button, Standalone or Network window
will appear. On this window, you select whether or not you will be installing Peachtree solely
on the current computer or if you will be installing it on more than one computer and
networking your computers.

 Select Yes if this is the only computer that Peachtree will be installed on and click ‘Next’.
That is, your Peachtree company data will not be shared with other computers on a network.
If you will be installing Peachtree on another machine, for example, at home, you should still
select Yes as long as your Peachtree company data will not be shared on a network or by
multiple users at the same time.
 Select No if you will be installing Peachtree on more than one computer and you will be
sharing your Peachtree company data with the other computers on a network and click
‘Next’.

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vi. The Set Peachtree Program Files Location window appears, asking you to specify where
you want to put the Peachtree program files. You can choose the folder where the Peachtree
Accounting program files will be installed. You must select a drive on this computer at this
point. You cannot install Peachtree on another computer here.
In the Peachtree program files box, enter the complete pathname of the location on the hard
drive where you want Peachtree installed—for example, C:\Program Files\Sage Software\
Peachtree. OR you can select the Browse button to search for the appropriate drive and folder
name(s), and then click ‘Next’.

vii. After creating the path of Peachtree program file locations, a window, i.e., Peachtree
Company Data Location will appear. If you specified that your Peachtree company data files
will be located on this computer, you will see this window. Ensure that the location listed is
correct and click ‘Next’. If the location is not correct, you can click the Browse button and
look for another location.

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 viii. Then after, a Components window will appear; note that, this window will not appear if you
are installing a trial Peachtree program. To install desired Peachtree components, follow
these steps:
1. In the Components list box, select the check box if you want to install the sample

company data.

2. Click the Next button to continue. To stop and exit setup, click the Cancel button.
ix. The summary window will appear after clicking next on the component window. This window
simply tells you where you have installed your Peachtree program and Peachtree company data
files. This window also allows you to choose to Add the Peachtree desktop shortcuts to the
desktop, which include the Peachtree program icon, Checks and Forms, and Peachtree
Knowledge Base; and/or you can choose to Add an icon to the quick launch toolbar. If you need
to change anything, click Back. Otherwise, click Install to install Peachtree.

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x. After clicking the ‘Install’ button a picture shown at the step ‘5’ also appear at this stage and
you have to be patient until it finished the installation. Note that, if you are prompted by
antiviruses that unknown program changed your computer setups, you must allow certain
programs to run on your machine. These include peachw.exe, w3dbsmgr.exe, w3lgo103.exe,
peachpim16.exe, peachupdx16.exe, ais2.server.console.exe, PeachtreePrefetcher.exe,
SmartPostingService2010.exe, and possibly others. If these programs are blocked by firewall
software, Peachtree will not operate correctly.
xi. After the installation completed the following window will appear. This window may ask
you to remove the Setup CD from the drive and restart Windows. Select an option regarding
restarting Windows and then select the Finish button.
Be sure to turn on your antivirus and anti-spyware applications when Peachtree
installation is complete!
You may also see three options (all will be checked automatically):
 Start Peachtree Accounting—check this box if you want the Peachtree program to start
running as soon as the setup program exits.
 View Network Setup Tips—we highly recommend that you view and print these tips,
because they tell you where your Peachtree company data files are stored But this is
not the case, because we have already installed the Peachtree program not to be shared or
accessed by other computers.
 View the Release Notes—check this box if you want to see notes about the new features
in this release of Peachtree Accounting. The notes will appear as soon as the setup
program exits the Finish window.
Click the Finish button to close the window and complete the setup process.

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 xii. If you checked the box of ‘Start Peachtree Accounting’, will see the following window of
Peachtree Accounting Program.

Self-Study Activity
1. List down the steps used to install the Peachtree Accounting Software.
2. Why antivirus software deactivated during Peachtree Accounting software installation?
2.3 Registering Peachtree
Please register your copy of Peachtree as soon as possible after installing the program.
Registration is very important because it ensures you of timely program updates and upgrade
offers.
xiii. Do one of the following:
After your initial sessions working with Peachtree, when you start the program, the Register
Peachtree Accounting window will appear,

OR, if Peachtree is already running, select Peachtree Registration from the Help menu.

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xiv. Enter your Serial Number if not entered, Registration Number and Customer ID.
xv. When finished entering your registration information, click OK to start using
Peachtree. If you select the Register Later button, you can use Peachtree a limited
number of times before you need to register. A message will display the remaining
number of uses. If you have no remaining uses left and choose not to register,
Peachtree will shut down. If you start Peachtree again, you will be prompted to
register again.
Now you can set up a new Peachtree company, open an existing company, explore sample
company data, or convert from another accounting program to Peachtree program.
2.4 Summary
To install Peachtree on a stand-alone computer, first all programs opened shall be closed that are
running on your computer. Peachtree is one of the more finicky programs to install so the advice
to close all applications should not be brushed aside. Then, each steps must be completed and
finally registration number must be entered to activate the software. Otherwise, if the software
is not active, only ten counted number of use will be granted and stopped after all.
2.5 Chapter End Questions
1. Which button is clicked to process for the coming level?
a) Back
b) Next
c) Finish
d) Cancel
2. Which button is clicked to review previous step?
a) Back
b) Next
c) Finish
d) Cancel
3. Which button is clicked to terminate the operation?
a) Back
b) Next
c) Finish
d) Cancel
4. If the Peachtree software is not activated, how many number of use will be
provided by the software?
a) 100 uses
b) 11 uses
c) 10 uses
d) 111 uses

Answers for choose questions:

1: b, 2: a, 3: d, 4: c

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 Chapter Three: Basic Peachtree Overview
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, the students will be able to:
 Starting and closing the software
 Creating a new company and opening existing Peachtree company

3.1. Introduction
Dear Students! Now we have installed the Peachtree software, we are ready to get started
running the company’s business activities with Peachtree. Basically, the remaining tasks in
general will be:
1. Create the Company: Business Types, Chart of Accounts, Posting Method, Accounting
Method, etc.
2. Set Up the Company: Enter Beginning Balances (general ledger), Default and Record
information for Customers, Vendors, Employees
3. Run the Company: Record transactions and print reports (checks, invoices, financial
statements, etc.)
4. Analyze the Business: Print reports and financial statements
Here are some important terms that must be familiarized with them:
 Default: computer preset option (an option that will be automatically be selected by a
computer)
 Customer: a person or company who buys goods or services of the company
 Vendors: a person or company who sells goods or services for the company
3.2. Starting the Program
There are several ways to open Peachtree:
1. From the Taskbar: Select Start on the taskbar and then Programs. Locate and select the
Peachtree group folder. Then select the Peachtree icon.
2. From My Computer
i. Locate and double-click the My Computer icon on the Windows desktop. My Computer
window appears. Then select the hard drive where you installed Peachtree. (Drive C is the
default.)
ii. By default, Peachtree is installed in C:\Program Files\Sage Software\Peachtree.
Locate and double-click the Peachtree folder.
iii.Next, locate and double-click the ‘peachw.exe’ file.
3. From the Desktop: From the desktop, double-click the Peachtree icon.
Once you start Peachtree, the Start Screen appears, giving you options for proceeding. And it is
depicted on the following page. Peachtree displays the Start screen when you first open
Peachtree. Choose one of the following startup options:

1. Open an existing (Peachtree) company: provides access to previously created companies.

2. Create a new company: to construct company for the first time.

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3. Explore a sample company: Peachtree provides sample company data that you can open and
explore.
The sample company data allows you to examine company setup options and to practice entering
records and transactions. This is a great way to introduce you to the features of Peachtree without
using your own company data.

4. Convert from another accounting program (not discussed on this course)

Self-study Activity
i. List down the three optioned used to startup Peachtree software.
ii. What are the four option available at the startup window of Peachtree?
3.3. Create a New Company
Our concern is now to create new company and open it latter. Peachtree walks through the
process of creating a new company. This makes it easier to get up starting new company. Thus,
the process needs to enter a minimum of information to initially set up company. This
information includes the chart of accounts, accounting method, posting method, and accounting
period structure. After completing Create a New Company, Peachtree offers a Setup Guide, and
we can set up default information, data records, and beginning balances for Chart of Accounts,
Employees, Vendors, Inventory, Customers, Job, Users, etc.

Note that, before starting set up a new company in Peachtree, it is important to make some
initial decisions based on how you work and the legal regulations that apply to the business,
those are:

1. Accounting Method
In setting up a new company in Peachtree, one of our first choices is between cash-basis and
accrual basis of accounting. The accounting method displayed in the Maintain Company
Information window determines how Peachtree handles general ledger, accounts receivable,
accounts payable, and payroll transactions.

Accrual Accounting: revenues are recorded as the company invoice its customers, and expenses
are recorded when the company receive bills from its vendors, regardless of when cash is actually
exchanged. This confirms the matching principle of revenues and expenses and most companies
use this method.

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Cash-Basis Accounting: revenues are recorded when cash (checks, money orders, or currency)
are received, and expenses are recorded when paid. However, unpaid credit sales and purchases
do not show on ledgers, which can present a misleading picture of revenues and expenses. NB:
Once you choose the accounting method and complete the New Company Setup wizard, you
cannot change it for this company.

2. Posting Methods
Posting is the process of updating the General Ledger's chart of accounts to reflect all journal
entries that have been entered into the system. Posting also updates all general ledger and other
accounting reports (financial statements). Therefore, the posting method determines how
Peachtree processes transactions to journals and the general ledger. There are two options: batch
posting and real-time posting, hence there is one additional option in latest Peachtree
program, i.e. SmartPosting. This option available only on Peachtree 2010 and latest versions.

Real-Time Posting: Transactions are posted to the journals and the general ledger as they are
entered and saved.

Batch Posting: Transactions are saved by the program and then posted in a group. When you use
batch posting, you can print registers and check the batch of transactions before posting them to
the journals.

SmartPosting: Transactions are saved by the program and then automatically posted by the
SmartPosting service. This posting method helps improve performance by allowing you to save
transactions without waiting for them to post. Unlike batch posting where you have to manually
post transactions, the posting happens automatically when you use SmartPosting. In a network
environment, you can use a separate computer to post the transactions and get even better
performance. This method is the recommended one to use. You can switch posting methods at
any time.

3. Dates and Accounting Periods

One of the most important decisions to make is the Starting Date. Accounting periods are the
unit of time for which your company reports its transactions. Usually this is a month. Peachtree
keeps two years open at the same time to allow you to view or make changes to the previous year
or to apply transactions to next year.
Example: Creating a New Company
Dear Students! Now you are going to a new company that will be used till the end of this
module. So you are kindly requested to enter and setup all required data given to you in this
example, as such the example is continues in which one step will be completed after you finish
the previous step. Do not forget!

ABC Inc (hypothetical example) is a merchandising company that trades electronic equipment
throughout the country. Even if ABC Inc has enormous reputation in trading electronic
equipment in the country, previously the company used a manual accounting systems which was

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outdated. Recently, the company decided to change its accounting systems with computerized
system. In doing so, ABC Inc adopted Peachtree Accounting Software. The required information
to create a new company provided as follow (Here this exemplary company will be used
continuously throughout the module, so you must have to finish one step before you start
another step):

Company Name: ABC Inc Address Line 1: St. No. 1

Address Line 2: P.O.Box. 132
City – State - Zip: Dessie – AM - 251 Country: Ethiopia
Telephone: +2513311600
Fax: +2513311600
Business Type: Corporation Web Site:
www.abcinc.com E-mail:
[email protected]
In addition to the above information, ABC Inc. accountants intended to construct chart of
account themselves. The accounting method is accrual accounting and the posting method that
will be used is Smartposting. The accounting period is 12 month per period and the fiscal year
start on January 2021. You use the Create a New Company wizard to establish basic information
of ABC Company and specific information about the company to work.
Dear Students! When you are getting and using this module and if you found a year indicated in
the module just change the year for the current year in which that we are in.
Moving Around in Create a New Company option
1. Start Peachtree if it is not already running.
2. Click Create a new company. You can run Create a New Company in two different situations:
When you set up your first company in Peachtree and When you set up an additional new
company in Peachtree after working in another company on the system.
When we click Create a new company the introduction window appears. It lists the areas you will
fill up. When you are done working in any window, click Next to go on. Then, the following
window appears to select the type of Peachtree product to use in the new company. Thus from
this window select Peachtree Quantum 2010.

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Click the Drop Down button, then you will get lists of option and select the last one that says
Peachtree Quantum 2010. When you've selected which product to use for the new company,
select the Next button. The followings are steps to create a new company:

1. Entering company information:

For our example, fill up the information provided for ABC Inc on the above page.
i. Enter the company name, address, phone, fax information and other appropriate
information.
ii. From the list in the Business Type field, select your business type.

Business Types and Equity Accounts

This defines the type of business you run. When creating a new company in Peachtree, you are
prompted for the form of business you operate (Business Type). Based on the choice you make,
Peachtree creates certain equity accounts needed by each business type. The followings are the
type of businesses in Peachtree program:
 Exempt Organization
 Corporation
 S Corporation
 Partnership
 Sole Proprietorship
 Limited Liability Company (LLC)
Note: You can change the type of business at any time. Also, if you select Build Your Own
Company, no equity accounts are created. You would have to enter them manually. However,
once your company is set up, changing a business type will not change the equity accounts in
your chart of accounts. You must add the appropriate accounts manually. The above business
type discussed hereunder.
Exempt Organization: Select this option if you are setting up a non-profit organization of any
Jigdan college Accounting software application 18
kind. When you select this option, the following equity accounts are automatically set up:
 Board Designated Net Assets
 Board Designated Quasi-Endow
 Use Restricted net Assets
 Time Restricted Net Assets
 Endowment Net Assets
All of these are Equity-Doesn't Close type accounts.
Corporation: This is a business that is owned by a few persons or thousands of persons and is
incorporated under the laws of the country. It is a body formed and authorized to act as a single
entity and is legally endowed with various rights and duties including the capacity of succession.
When you select the Corporation business type during New Company Setup, the following equity
accounts are automatically set up:
 Common Stock (Equity - doesn't close)
 Paid In Capital (Equity - doesn't close)
 Retained Earnings (Equity - Retained Earnings)
 Dividends Paid (Equity - gets closed)

In a corporation, you cannot touch equity except to pay dividends or sell stock. You may need to
set up a Preferred Stock account if you differentiate between Common and Preferred. In addition,
you may require a Paid-in Capital account for stocks sold at temporarily higher prices.

S Corporation: This is a type of corporation that, for federal tax purposes (in most states of
USA), may be taxed as a partnership provided certain requirements are met. There are certain
limitations that restrict this election typically to small businesses. These are limits on the number
of shareholders, the types of shareholders, the classes of stock issued, and other restrictions.
When you select the S Corporation business type during New Company Setup, the following
equity accounts are automatically set up:
 Common Stock (Equity - doesn't close)
 Paid In Capital (Equity - doesn't close)
 Retained Earnings (Equity - Retained Earnings)
 Dividends Paid (Equity - gets closed)

Note that there is no account that gets set up for contributions. You usually do not contribute to
an S Corporation.
Partnership: This is a business owned by two or more persons associated as partners. The
partners have joint control over operations and the right to share in profits. When you select the
Partnership business type during New Company Setup, the following equity accounts are
automatically set up:
 Retained Earnings (Equity - Retained Earnings)
 Partner's Contribution (Equity - gets closed)
 Partner's Draw (Equity - gets closed)

Note that all equity gets rolled into Retained Earnings at year-end. Everything you add increases
Partner's Contribution; withdrawals decrease Partner's Draw.
Sole Proprietorship: This is a business owned by a single individual and often managed by that
Jigdan college Accounting software application 19
same individual. A person who does business for himself or herself is engaged in the operation of
a sole proprietorship. Many small service businesses such as doctors, lawyers, barbers,
electricians, and small retail establishments are sole proprietorships. This is the simplest form of
business. The owner is the business operator. When you select the Sole Proprietorship business
type during New Company Setup, the following equity accounts are automatically set up:
 Retained Earnings (Equity - Retained Earnings)
 Owner's Contribution (Equity - gets closed)
 Owner's Draw (Equity - gets closed)

Note that all equity gets rolled into Retained Earnings at year-end. Everything you add increases
Owners Contribution; withdrawals decrease Owners Draw.

Limited Liability Company (LLC): This is an unincorporated association of two or more

persons (partners, corporations, and other business entities) whose members have limited
personal liability for obligations or debts of the company. Similar to corporations, a limited
liability company shields the assets of owners and investors from liability claims. It is classified
as a partnership for federal tax purposes. If the company has more corporate characteristics, it
may be taxed as a corporation. And, state taxation varies state by state. When you select the
Limited Liability Company business type during New Company Setup, the following equity
accounts are automatically set up:
 Retained Earnings (Equity - Retained Earnings)
 Member's Contribution (Equity - gets closed)
 Member's Draw (Equity - gets closed)

iii. Enter your company’s Web site and e-mail address, if applicable and click next.
2. Select a Method to Create your Company
Chart of Accounts: is a complete list of all account names used in the General Ledger. Each
account is associated with an account ID to help locate it when recording data. Accounts are used
to classify transactions for reporting purposes.

Select a method for creating the company. This includes selecting a sample business type,
copying information from another Peachtree company, converting from another application,
Jigdan college Accounting software application 20
building your own company from scratch (particularly your chart of accounts), and creating a
consolidated company. For our example case, select ‘build your own chart of accounts’ and
click next. The following window will appear and click next.

3. Select Accounting Method

4. Select Posting Method
5. Accounting Periods Windows
Choose the accounting period structure among the two types:
a) 12 monthly accounting periods: Each accounting period's starting and ending
dates match those of the 12 calendar months. You can choose to start your fiscal
year in January or any other month of the year. Most companies follow this fiscal
year structure.
b) Accounting periods that do not match the calendar months: Choose this option
if you want to set up a custom fiscal year structure. For example, you may want
four accounting periods per year or possibly 13 four-week accounting periods per
year.
To continue setting up your company, select the Next button. Peachtree displays the next Create
a New Company window corresponding to your setup option.

Jigdan college Accounting software application 21

Starting dates need to be established for setting up your company and entering data. Once you
establish a starting date, Peachtree will automatically set up monthly accounting periods for your
first two fiscal years.
6. Finish Window
Congratulations! When you see this window, you’re done. Just click the Finish button, and
Peachtree will create your new company. Of course, if you want to make any changes
beforehand, you can always click the Back button to return to the appropriate Create a New
Company wizard window.
Completing the Setup Process
Once you’ve gone through the Create a New Company Wizard, you’re ready to set up the
remainder of your company and start using Peachtree. The Setup Guide opens when you finish
Create a New Company. Setup Guide window depicted as follow:

This guide is designed to walk you through the process of completing new company setup.
Because the Setup Guide assists you in entering all the information you need to set up your
company, and in an orderly fashion. However, it will not be discussed here because different
tasks of it will be covered through other options.
3.4. System Basics
System basic is a term that means the method of moving around and completing activities in
Peachtree. Before you enter transactions, you will need to open the company files. You will need
to back up your files, etc. all of these activities are categorized as system basic. If we close the
Setup Guide we will get this window:

Jigdan college Accounting software application 22

 a. Menu
d. Button

b. Navigation

c. Navigation

From this window, you can move around in Peachtree and perform your daily work. There are
four methods of navigating available from the desktop:
a. Menu Bar: The menu bar provides drop-down lists of options.
b. Navigation Bar: The Navigation Bar provides entry to the Navigation Centers. It also
features a group of Shortcuts, links to Peachtree functions that you use on a regular basis.
c. Navigation Centers: These provide useful, at-a-glance information about areas of Peachtree
such as Customers & Sales. They also let you access functions related to each of those areas
—for example, Sales/Invoicing.
d. Button Control Bar
a. The Menu Bar
At the top of the window is the menu bar.

The table below gives a brief description of each menu.

File Allows you to perform several critical tasks such as opening or creating a company, backing up
or restoring a company, updating Payroll tax tables.
Edit Allows you to perform a variety of actions depending on the windows currently open. These
include cut, copy, and paste objects from one place to another, spell check, and edit or delete
records.
List Allows you to open lists of records and tasks, such as customers and sales invoices. You can
print these lists and customize them as necessary.

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 Maintain Allows you to work with your record and list information. Here is where you go to add or edit
customers, vendors, employees, users, and so forth.
Tasks Allows you to perform all of your daily tasks in Peachtree, as well as carry out system tasks like
changing accounting periods.
Analysis Allows you to view customized graphical overviews of the entire company to analyze cash flow,
collections of amounts due from customers, payments due to vendors, and financial status.
Options Allows you to set global preferences for a company and to change the system date. You can turn
on (or off) the status bar, Navigation Aid, and Start Screen.
Reports Allows you to queue a list of reports for printing or viewing. You can also create and edit the
format for reports, forms, and financial statements.
Services Allows you to access and synchronize with various Peachtree Web resources online. You can
also view Peachtree Today, or check for Peachtree updates.
Window Let’s you decide how you want your desktop to look.
Help Allows you to access Help, contact Peachtree support, register Peachtree, and a variety of other
tasks.
b. Navigation Bar
The Navigation Bar appears at the left side of the Peachtree main window and offers access to
seven "pages" called Navigation Centers. It has a series of icons that represent individual
Navigation Centers They provide information about and access to the Peachtree program:
 Business Status
 Customers & Sales
 Vendors & Purchases
 Inventory & Services
 Employees & Payroll
 Banking
 Company
c. Navigation Centers
There are several Navigation Centers; they resemble pages of information about the following
areas of Peachtree and also provide access to functions that pertain to those areas:
 Customers & Sales
 Vendors & Purchases
 Inventory & Services
 Employees & Payroll
 Banking
 Company
As an example, the Customers & Sales Navigation Center displays the following information
about your company’s customers: Customer List, Recently User Customer Reports, and Aged
Receivables. Each Navigation Center also provides a graphic representation of the flow of tasks
related to that area of Peachtree. The Customer & Sales Navigation Center, for example, has a
“flow chart” of customer-related tasks and offers access to those tasks.
d. Button Control Bar

Jigdan college Accounting software application 24

Beside the Customize This Page button, other buttons in a bar at the top of the Peachtree
Desktop help you work with the Navigation Centers and perform other tasks related to Peachtree
operation:
 Hide/Show: This button acts like a toggle. When the button reads Hide, click it if
you want to hide the Navigation Center that appears to the right of the Navigation
Bar. When it reads Show, click it to make the Navigation Center reappear.
 Refresh: Click this to update the company data that currently appears in the main
Peachtree window.
 System Date: Click this to change the Peachtree system date. Note That: Most
often, if you leave Peachtree open all night, the system date does not change. This
can sometimes play tricks with your data. Therefore, all employees should be
instructed to close Peachtree at the end of the day or any time they leave their desk
for an extended period.
 Accounting Period: Click this to change the current accounting period in
Peachtree.
 Make this the default page/This is the default page: Again, this button is like a
toggle. When it reads Make this the default page, click it to make the Navigation
Center that you are currently working with appear each time you open a Peachtree
company. When it reads This is the default page, the Navigation Center you’re
working with is the current default and will appear each time you open a company.
Thus, Peachtree allows us to enter or access information by using the menus, navigation bar,
navigation center and Button Control Bar.
3.5. Working in Peachtree
Running the company’s business in Peachtree basically consists of entering records (customers,
vendors, employees, inventory items, jobs) and then using those records in tasks or transactions.
After creating a new company, the remaining activities will be grouped in to three ranges: filling
default information, record lists (customers, vendors, inventory and so on) of information
and record transactions/tasks.

a. Default information makes entering records easier by pre-filling certain fields. For
example, you can set your standard terms in Customer Defaults, and those terms are
automatically applied to all customers you enter. You can adjust the terms either at the
customer level or at the transaction level. Reports (like Aged Receivables) and forms
(like statements) will reflect these default parameters.

b. Records are lists of information, such as your customer list, vendor list, item list,
employee list, and so on. You access Records through the Maintain menu. These are
easy to set up and will make entering transactions easier for you. The more
information that you put in the record, the more that will be transferred automatically
to the transaction whenever you select the record on the transaction.
Let’s look at a typical Record window, first start Peachtree, open ABC Inc Company,
then from Menu Bar go to Maintain Menu and click ‘Customers/Prospects’. Below,
the most important features of Maintain Customers/Prospects window discussed.

Jigdan college Accounting software application 25

 The Use the drop
toolbar down on the
provides ID field to call
several Drop-down
options List

Use the
header to
identify
the
customer
and enter
an ID and Each record window has several
tabs that contain the information
on this record. Each tab is

 Lookup Boxes: Peachtree provides two methods for accounting information

stored in the system. A magnifier glass shown on the above window indicates a
lookup box. When that icon is selected, we can choose from a list of records, such
as customers or vendors, or we can enter new records by using the keyboard.
 Drop-down Lists: many screens have fields with lists of information from which
we can make a selection. Drop-down lists are indicated by an arrow to the right of
the field. We can select information from the list, or we can enter new information.

c. Record transactions/tasks are recording transactions, such as invoices, receipts,

purchase orders, payments. There are other business-related tasks: account
reconciliation, changing the accounting period, closing the year.
3.6. Open a Company
The Open Company and Open Previous Company menu commands provides access to
previously created companies. (Use the New Company command to set up a new company.)
Open a company from the Start screen
1. After starting the Peachtree program, Peachtree displays the start screen.
2. Select Open an existing company (the first option). Peachtree displays the
Open an Existing Company window, where recently opened companies are listed.
3. Select the name of the company you want to open from the Company Name list,
and select
OK.
If a company name is not listed, click the Browse button to locate and select the company you
want to open.
Open a company within Peachtree
The earlier version of Peachtree software allows only one company to be opened at a time.
Therefore, when you are working in one company and decide to open another, Peachtree will
Jigdan college Accounting software application 26
display a dialogue box (message) telling you that the first company will be closed. However, the
lates versions of Peachtree software like Peachtree 2010, allow you to open multiple company at
a time in order to switch between multiple open companies (available only in Peachtree Pro
Accounting and higher).
1. From the File menu, select Open Company. Peachtree displays the Open
Company window.
If you already have a company open when you open another company, Peachtree
will close the current company. (This only closes the company window in
Peachtree; it does not close the accounting period or year.)
2. Select the name of the company you want to open from the Company Name list
box, and then select OK.
Open a recently opened company
1. From the File menu, select Open Previous Company.
2. Select the company name from the submenu that appears.
Display the Start Screen when Peachtree Opens
Peachtree displays the Start screen when you first open Peachtree. It allows you to choose
whether you want to open a Peachtree company, set up a new company, convert a QuickBooks or
One- Write Plus company to the Peachtree format, work with a sample company, or run the
online tutorial.
To display the Start screen when Peachtree opens
1. Start Peachtree, if it is not already running.
2. From the Options menu, select Show Start Screen at Startup.
When there is a check mark next to the Show Start Screen at Startup menu
option, Peachtree displays the Start screen each time you start Peachtree. If you
choose not to display the Start screen, Peachtree automatically opens the last
company that you were working in.
3. Exit Peachtree; then start Peachtree again to display the Start screen.
To open the last company that you were working in when Peachtree starts
1. Start Peachtree, if it is not already running.
2. From the Options menu, select Show Start Screen at Startup.
When the check mark is not next to the Show Start Screen at Startup menu
option, the Start screen will not open each time you start Peachtree.
3. You must exit Peachtree for the change to take effect.
If you choose not to display the Start screen, Peachtree automatically opens
the last company that you were working in.
Note: Peachtree displays the Start screen each time (regardless of startup option selected) if the
last company opened was Bellwether Garden Supply, Peachtree's sample company.

3.7. Close Peachtree

From the Peachtree File menu, select Exit. Or for a keyboard shortcut, select ALT+F4 to exit

Jigdan college Accounting software application 27

Peachtree. This closes the current company and exits Peachtree.
Warning: Do not turn off the computer while a company is open in Peachtree. If you exit
Windows without losing Peachtree first, Peachtree asks if you are sure you want to close the
current company.
3.8. Summary
Once the software is install on the computer, it is ready to use. Hence when the software start, the
startup window will appear and it has four option on it. These are open an existing (Peachtree)
company, create a new company, explore a sample company, and convert from another
accounting program.
If we want to create a company for the first time we must have to choose or click ‘create a new
company, option and enter and select all required information pertain to the company. On the
other hand, after we create the company and if we want to use or do some activities on that
company we must have to choose or click ‘open an existing company’ option.
As you have studied this chapter, there are typical steps that must have to be followed to create a
new company. This is also applying to open an existing company option.
3.9. Chapter End Questions
1. Which one of the following/s is/are not appeared on the start window of Peachtree?
a) Explore a sample company
b) Create chart of account
c) Create a new company
d) Open an existing company
2. Which method of posting causes account balances to be updated immediately
after each transaction is entered and saved?
a) Batch
b) Real-time
c) Both Real-time and Batch
d) Direct posting
3. Immediately below the title bar, what types of bar exist.
a) Menu bar
b) Tool bar
c) Task bar
d) Navigation bar
4. While opening a new company, from the following one is recommended for
experienced users who are comfortable with setting up accounting information
a) Copy setting from an existing sample company
b) Build your own chart
c) Using a sample business type that closely matches with your company business
type
d) All of the above
5. Assume while you are setting up a new company you are interested to set up for
accounting period, per year, from the following which one is to be selected

Jigdan college Accounting software application 28

 a) Accounting period that do not match the calendar month
b) 12 month accounting period
c) It is impossible to set four accounting periods
d) None of the above

6. is a complete list of all account

a) Chart of Accounts
b) Journal
c) Account
d) Posting

Hint Answers for choose questions:

1: b, 2: b, 3: a, 4: b, 5: b, 6: a

Jigdan college Accounting software application 29

 Chapter Four: File Setup
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, the students will be able to:
 Identify the type of accounts
 Maintain chart of accounts
 Setting detail information
 Using sales tax and payroll
 Maintain the accounting period
4.1 Introduction
Dear Students! In computer terminology, the information we enter, compute, and track is called
data. In Peachtree, the data takes two basic forms:
1. Maintenance data—information about the company’s customers, vendors, employees,
inventory items, and jobs
2. Task data—the daily transactions of company’s business (invoices, receipts, purchases,
payments, paychecks, and so on.)
When we convert from a manual system to Peachtree, much of the initial work is gathering and
entering Maintenance data. We need to also enter some Task data: all outstanding invoices and
purchases, and payroll data if we want to track it.
4.2. Setting up Chart of Accounts
An account may be defined as a record of the increases, decreases, and balances in an individual
item of asset, liability, capital, income (revenue), or expense. It is desirable to establish a
systematic method of identifying and locating each account in the ledger. The chart of accounts
is a listing of the accounts by title and numerical description.
In Peachtree, the company's chart of accounts is a complete list of all account names that will be
used in the General Ledger. Each account is associated with an account ID to help locate it when
recording data. Accounts are used to classify transaction information for reporting purposes.
Chart of accounts can vary depending on the business type.
It is better to categorize accounts according to the type of balance sheet or income statement
account. This categorization breaks the accounts into six types of accounts, with each type
starting with 1 through 6. For a set of accounts with four digits, the breakdown is as follows:

1000 – 1999 - Asset Accounts (Cash, Accounts Receivable,

Fixed Assets, etc) 2000 – 2999 - Liability Accounts (Accounts
Payable, Taxes Due, etc)
3000 – 3999 - Equity Accounts (Retained Earnings, Owners
Withdrawal, etc) 4000 – 9999 - Revenue Accounts (Sales,
Service Income, Interest Income, etc) 5000 – 5999 - Cost of Sales
Accounts (Direct Material, Cost of Purchase, etc) 6000 – 6999 -
Expense Accounts (Salaries, Entertainment, Office Expenses, etc)
Organizing chart of accounts is equivalent to organizing the business, because what we will see
on financial statements depends on what we set up in chart of accounts. When we set up a
Jigdan college Accounting software application 30
company, we can select to either copy one of the Peachtree charts of accounts, to copy from
another company, or to create ourselves. In our illustration case, we have selected the field
‘’Build your own chart of accounts’’ when we setup ABC Inc. However, it is recommended that
to copy one of the many Peachtree charts of accounts. Because account names are often
standardized in accounting, we will surely be able to save time by tweaking the Peachtree chart
of accounts versus entering one from scratch.

The Chart of Accounts is nothing more than a list of places to enter transactions. It contains a
code (often called as account number), a description for each account, and a type code. Peachtree
allows us a great deal of flexibility in designing chart of accounts.
4.2.1. Steps to set up chart of accounts for the first time
If the company currently using a manual system for accounting, there are several things we need
to know when we set up a chart of accounts:
Determine a conversion date (Conversion Date is the date that we will use as a starting point.
This must be a date on which we know all accounting balances, for customers, vendors, and
employees as well as General Ledger accounts) , and gather balances as of that date. We will
use this information to enter beginning balances.

 If we are setting up a new chart of accounts (instead of copying from one

of Peachtree's sample businesses), we need to have all account numbers
and names of accounts written down.
 Have all transactions that have occurred after the conversion date ready to
enter to bring accounts up to date.
Step 1: Select the Chart of Accounts option from the Maintain menu. Peachtree displays the
following Maintain Chart of Accounts window.

Chart of Accounts Fields

Chart of account fields are located as a, b, c, d, e, and f on the Maintain Chart of Accounts
window. This is where we enter lookup information about the account such as the account ID,
account description, status, account type, and the beginning balances.
a. Account ID
This identifies the account in the chart of accounts, lookup lists, transactions, and reports. Enter
up to 15 alphanumeric characters to name the account. This field is a unique identifier for all
accounts.
N.B: we cannot use asterisks (*), question marks (?), or plus signs (+). we cannot use leading or
trailing spaces. Spaces in between characters are allowed. Account numbers are sorted
alphabetically with numbers coming before letters. For example, an account starting with a "6"
would list before an account starting with an "A." we need to use leading zeroes to make the
numbers sort properly. For example, these numbers are ordered this way: 1, 100, 1000, 27. To
properly sort, enter the numbers as 0001, 0027, 0100, and 1000.
b. Back and Next (buttons)

Jigdan college Accounting software application 31

Use these buttons to navigate through the list of existing account records by ID. Select the Back
(left arrow) button to see the previous record in the list; select the Next (right arrow) button to
see the next record in the list.
c. Description
We can describe the account, for example, "Petty Cash," "Cash in Checking," "Cash in Savings,"
‘’cash’’ and so on. The naming convention for accounts is important; we want to be able to
establish a system that is easily understood by everybody who uses the system.
d. Inactive
If we no longer plan to use an account, we might want to make the account inactive. If we try to
use an inactive account, a warning tells us that the account is inactive and asks if we want to
continue. Important: When we choose to Purge (clean or remove) after closing the fiscal year, all
accounts that have no outstanding transactions are eligible for purging.
e. Account Types
Account types define how the account will be grouped in reports and financial statements. They
also control what happens during the fiscal year-end. Choose one of the following account types
from the drop-down list when maintaining the chart of accounts:
1. Accounts Payable: This represents balances owed to vendors for goods,
supplies, and services purchased on account when cash is not paid at the
time of purchase. Accounts payable balances are used in accrual-based
accounting.
2. Accounts Receivable: This represents amounts owed by customers for
items or services sold to them when cash is not received at the time of sale.
Accounts receivable are used in accrual-based accounting.
3. Accumulated Depreciation: This is a contra asset account to depreciable
(fixed) assets such as buildings, machinery, and equipment. Depreciable
basis (expense) is the difference between an asset's cost and its estimated
salvage value. Recording depreciation is a way toindicate that assets have
declined in service potential. Accumulated depreciation represents total
depreciation taken to date on the assets. Select this account type to set up
depreciation accounts for fixed assets.
4. Cash: This represents deposits in banks available for current operations,
plus cash on hand consisting of currency, outstanding checks, drafts, and
money orders. Select this account type to set up bank checking accounts,
petty cash accounts, money market accounts, and certificates of deposit
(CDs).
5. Cost of Sales: This represents the cost incurred by the business for items
or services sold to customers. Cost of sales (also known as cost of goods
sold) for inventory items is computed based on inventory costing method
(FIFO, LIFO, or Weighted Average). Select this account type to set up
cost-of-goods-sold accounts to be used when selling inventory items.

Jigdan college Accounting software application 32

 6. Equity - doesn't close (Corporation): This represents equity that is
carried forward from year to year (like common stock). Equity is the
owner's claim against the assets or the owner's interest in the entity. These
accounts are typically found in corporation-type businesses. Select this
account type if the business entity is a corporation type and want to record
common stock or other equity intended as owner investment.
7. Equity-gets closed: This represents equity that is zeroed out at the end of
the fiscal year, with their amounts moved to the retained earnings account.
Equity, also known as capital or net worth, are owners' (partners' or
stockholders') claims against assets they contributed to the business. Select
this account type to record withdrawals made by partners or if the business
entity pay dividends to stockholders.
8. Equity Retained Earnings: This represents the earned capital of the
enterprise. Its balance is the cumulative, lifetime earnings of the company
that have not been distributed to owners. We can have only one retained
earnings account in Peachtree.
9. Expenses: The assets surrendered or consumed when serving customers
indicate company expenses. If income exceeds expenses, net income
results. If expenses exceed income, the business is said to be operating at a
net loss. Select this account type to set up accounts such as operation
expense, supplies expense, salary and wage expense, payroll tax expense,
travel expense, or charity expense.
10. Fixed Assets: These represent property, plant, or equipment assets that are
acquired for use in a business rather than for resale. They are called fixed
assets because they are to be used for long periods of time. Select this account
type to set up any of the following fixed assets: land, buildings, machinery, etc.
11. Income: Income (also known as revenue) represents the inflow of assets
resulting from the sale of products and services to customers. If income
exceeds expenses, net income results. If expenses exceed income, the
business is said to be operating at a net loss. Select this account type to set
up sales revenue accounts. It is common practice to create different income
accounts for each category of revenue that you want to track (for example,
retail income, service income, interest income, and so on).
12. Inventory: This represents the quantity (value) of goods on hand and
available for sale at any given time. Inventory is considered to be an asset
that is purchased, manufactured (or assembled), and sold to customers for
revenue. Select this account type to set up assets that are intended for
resale. It is common practice to create different accounts for each category
of inventory that we want to track (for example, inventory, raw materials
inventory, work in progress inventory, finished goods inventory, and so
on).
13. Long term liabilities: This represents those debts that are not due for a
relatively long period of time, usually more than one year. Select this
account type to set up long-term liabilities (for example, long-term loans
Jigdan college Accounting software application 33
 and noncurrent notes payable).
14. Other assets: This represents those assets that are considered nonworking
capital and are not due for a relatively long period of time, usually more
than one year. Notes receivable with maturity dates at least one year or
more beyond the current balance sheet date are considered to be
"noncurrent" assets. Select this account type to set up assets such as
deposits, organization costs, noncurrent notes receivable, and so on.
15. Other current assets: This represents those assets that are considered
nonworking capital and are due within a short period of time, usually less
than a year. Prepaid expenses, employee advances, and notes receivable
with maturity dates of less than one year of the current balance sheet date
are considered to be "current" assets. Thus, select this account type to set
up those types of assets.
16. Other current liabilities: This represents those debts that are due within a
short period of time, usually less than a year. The payment of these debts
usually requires the use of current assets. Select this account type to set up
accrued expenses from a vendor, short-term loans, sales tax payables, payroll tax
payables, and so on.
17. Payables Retainage: Payables Retainage (security against completion of
contract) is used to specify a liability account that is dedicated to retainage
payables. Any account that has an Account Type of Payables Retainage
may be used on the Purchases and Vendor Credit Memo Withhold
Retainage tab.
18. Receivables Retainage: Receivables Retainage (security against
completion of contract) is used for an asset account that is dedicated to
Receivables Retainage. Peachtree will use the amounts applied to those
accounts for tracking retainage on the Retainage Report and for releasing
retainage during the Progress Billing routine.
f. Beginning Balances Field
Select the Beginning Balances button on the General tab of the Maintain Chart of Accounts
window to enter beginning balances for general ledger accounts. We can use this to enter the
beginning balance for the account or to adjust the balance for an account in a previous period.

The columns where we enter amounts for accounts on this window are set up to give us a better
feel for how the different accounts in our chart of accounts affect the balance of company’s
finances. When we finish entering balances for all of accounts, the total of the amounts in the
Assets, Expenses column must equal the total of the amounts in the Liabilities, Equity, and
Income column. Notice that the Trial Balance keeps a running total, or trial balance, of entries.
In addition, totals for income and expenses are calculated.
Step 2: Enter an account ID and click ok or press enter; and enter description for the
account.
The account ID determines how the account is identified and sorted in the
chart of accounts list. Most charts of accounts are set up with specific
Jigdan college Accounting software application 34
 account types grouped together.
Step 3: Select an account type from the drop-down list.
Step 4: Select Save.
Step 5: Select the Beginning Balances button on the General tab. Peachtree
displays the Select Period window. Select the period in which we want to
enter beginning balances. We can select from previous, current, or future
periods.
Step 6: Select OK. Peachtree displays the Chart of Accounts Beginning Balances
window. Click or tab to any of the white cells in the grid to add an
amount. (The gray cells are for viewing
purposes only.) Enter all the beginning balances for the accounts. Scroll
the list box to make sure the account amounts are correct. Note that for
each period, a running beginning balance is kept. Thus, if you change an
amount in Period 1, the amounts for subsequent periods are also changed.
However, if you change an amount in Period 2, the same account balance
in Period 1 is unchanged.
If we are just starting out with new company and have not posted any transactions, Peachtree
assumes that we are entering beginning balances for accounts when we select the Beginning
Balances button. If we have posted transactions, Peachtree assumes that we are entering
adjustments to accounts for a period in a prior year. If we enter a new account, Peachtree
assumes that this account has a zero balance. It is easier to add all necessary accounts and then
create one cumulative beginning-balance entry.
When entering beginning balances in the general ledger, make sure that customer, vendor, item
(inventory), and employee beginning balances total the amount shown in general ledger. In other
words, if we are using the accrual accounting method, the accounts receivable total in the general
ledger must match the total of outstanding invoices in customer beginning balances; likewise, the
accounts payable total in general ledger must equal all outstanding bills. The beginning balances
for customers and vendors are not connected to the general ledger beginning balances, so we
must check to make sure they match.
Step 7: Select the OK button when finished.
Step 8: Select Close.
Self-Study Questions

i. Which menu is used to get the maintain chart of account window?

ii. What is the purpose of selecting account type in maintain chart of account window?
iii. List down tall types of account type available in maintain chart of account window.

Example (Continued): Maintain Chart of Accounts and Beginning Balances

The following data is for ABC Inc that will be maintained on the Chart of accounts,
which were the ending balance as of December 31, 2020.

Account Description Type Beginning Balance

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 ID Debit Credit
1001 Cash on Hand Cash $285,000
1002 Accounts Receivable Accounts Receivable $500,000
1003 Allowance for Doubtful Account Accounts Receivable
1004 Inventory Inventory $200,000
1005 Supplies Other Current Assets $50,000
1006 Furniture Fixed Assets $100,000
1007 Equipment Fixed Assets $38,738
1008 Vehicles Fixed Assets $500,000
1009 Buildings Fixed Assets $185,500
1010 Land Fixed Assets $26,500
1011 Accum. Depn-Furniture Accumulated Depreciation $20,000
1012 Accum. Depn-Equipment Accumulated Depreciation $5,000
1013 Accum. Depn-Vehicles Accumulated Depreciation $51,585
1014 Accum. Depn-Buildings Accumulated Depreciation $30,788
2001 Accounts Payable Accounts Payable $695,000
2002 Sales Tax Payable Other Current Liabilities
2003 Notes Payable-Noncurrent Long Term Liabilities $20,000
2004 Income tax payable Other Current Liabilities
3001 Common Stock Equity-does not close $1,000,000
3002 Retained Earnings Equity-Retained Earnings $63,365
3003 Dividend Equity-gets closed
4001 Sales Income
4002 Other Income Income
4003 Sales Returns and Allowances Income
4004 Sales Discounts Income
5001 Cost of Goods Sold Cost of Sales
5002 Purchase Discounts Cost of Sales
5003 Purchase Returns and Allowance Cost of Sales
6001 Advertising Expense Expenses
6002 Supplies Expenses Expenses
6003 Bad Debt Expense Expenses
6004 Depreciation Expense Expenses
6005 Freight Expense Expenses
6006 Income Tax Expense Expenses
6007 Insurance Expense Expenses
6008 Maintenance Expense Expenses
6009 Payroll Tax Expense Expenses
6010 Rent Expense Expenses
6011 Salaries Expense Expenses
6012 Wages Expense Expenses

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6013 Utilities Expense Expenses
Balance $1,885,738 $1,885,738
Dear Students! If you get Dividend/Withdrawal/Drawing account that has beginning balance for
instance Birr 10,000 and if you are required to enter this balance, you must have to use another
technique. Because for Dividend/Withdrawal/Drawing the account type is equity gets close and
Peachtree will give you a Credit space to enter its balance. As you know
Dividend/Withdrawal/Drawing normal balance is Debit, so you must have to simply write
negative (-10,000) balance on the Credit space, which means the negative will put from credit to
Debit.

4.2.2. Changing an Account Name or Description

To change the description of an account, follow these steps:
1. Select the correct account from the drop-down list in the Account ID field.
2. Highlight the current name in the Description field, or click at the end of the name
and use the Backspace key to delete the name.
3. Enter the new name or description.
4. Click the Save button.
4.2.3. Adding an Account
To finish setting up your chart of account, you will probably need to add some accounts:
1. If an account is currently showing in the screen, click the New button.
2. A blank screen appears.
3. Determine the account ID by looking at existing accounts and inserting the
ID in the correct position.
4. Enter the new ID into the Account ID field.
5. Tab to the next field or click on the next field with the mouse.
6. Type the account name in the Description field.
7. In the Account Type field, select the correct category.
8. Click the Save button.
9. The new account now appears in the chart of account list.
4.2.4. Delete an Account from the Chart of Accounts
To delete an account from the chart of accounts, there must be no transactions posted to the
general ledger that references the account ID. If an account has a nonzero balance, we can delete
or remove transactions associated with it. These can include beginning-balance entries.
If an account has a nonzero balance, we can enter an adjusting G/L transaction in the General
Journal to bring the account's balance to zero. Then, after two year-end closings, we can purge
(remove) or delete the account.
4.2.5. To delete an account immediately
1. From the Maintain menu, select Chart of Accounts. Peachtree
displays the Maintain Chart of Accounts window.

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 2. Enter or select the account ID you want to remove. To display a list of
existing accounts, type ‘’?’’ in the G/L Account ID field, or select the
Lookup button.
3. Select the Delete toolbar button to remove the account.
If the account has a nonzero balance in any accounting period within the two currently open
fiscal periods, Peachtree displays a message stating that you cannot delete the account. If you
still want to remove an account that has had a nonzero balance at one time, examine the history
of the account in the Maintain Chart of Accounts window. Then, display the General Ledger
report including a date range of the two open fiscal years. Locate the account transactions; then
double-click to display the corresponding task window where the transactions originated.
Finally, delete these transactions, and return to the general ledger. To remove an account
beginning-balance entry, select the Beginning Balances button in the Maintain Chart of
Accounts window and clear the balance.
4.3. Setting up Customer, Vendor, and Inventory Defaults
Defaults are information or commands that the software or operating system automatically uses.
Default information is good for all customers, vendors, and inventory the company deals with,
but each customer, vendor, and inventory will need special treatment too.

4.3.1. Setting Up Customer Defaults

Customers are the people whom the company sell products and services to. We can set up both
default and specific customer information. Peachtree lets us to set up default information for
customers. Use this feature like a template or model upon which to build all company’s customer
records. We have to enter the most common information. Then, when we set up new customers
and enter transactions, the default information is automatically filled. In most cases, you won't
have to enter anything. A name and address is all that's required; then we are ready to invoice.

To set up or review customer defaults, select Default Information from the Maintain menu,
and choose Customers. The following window will appear:

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 a. Terms and Credit Tab
Standard Terms Field
If the Use Standard Terms check box is selected for a customer record in the Maintain
Customers/Prospects window, that customer uses this default set of payment terms. Below are
the fields that define standard terms:
 C.O.D (cash on delivery), Prepaid, Due in number of days, Due on day of
month, Due at end of month: Select one of these to tell you the type of payment
your customers make.
 Net Due in ... Days: Enter the number of days past the invoice date before the
invoice becomes due.
 Discount in ... Days: Enter the number of days past the invoice date beyond
which you will not allow customers to get discounts.
 Discount %: If payment is made within the Discount Days range, enter the
percent of the total invoice amount that you will allow to customers as a discount.
Enter fractions as decimals; for example, two-and-one-half percent should be
entered as 2.5.
 Credit Limit: Enter the total amount of credit you allow your customers.
 Credit Status: Use the drop-down list to select from five options:
 No Credit Limit: All customer transactions can be saved regardless of
credit limit.
 Notify Over Limit: When you save a transaction that will put the
customer over the specified credit limit, Peachtree will issue a
warning message. You can close the message and continue saving the
transaction.
 Always Notify: Regardless of customer credit limit, you will always
receive a warning message whenever you save a customer transaction
with a positive balance. You can close the message and continue
saving the transaction.
 Hold Over Limit: When you try to save a transaction that will put
the customer over the specified credit limit, Peachtree will issue an
error message. You will not be able to save the transaction.
 Always Hold: Regardless of customer credit limit, you will always
receive an error message when you try to save a customer transaction
with a positive balance. You will not be able to save transactions for
the customer unless you change the credit status for the customer.
G/L Link Accounts Field
The defaults are used to link sales income and sales discount G/L accounts to most of your
customers. You change individual customer setup, if necessary.

 G/L Sales Account: Enter or select the account ID you want to use as
the default sales (income) account when entering customers. You must

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 enter an account number here.
 Discount G/L Account: Enter the number of the account you want to use
for discounts. You must enter an account number here.
To display a list of existing accounts, type ‘’?’’ in the G/L Account ID field, or select the
Lookup button. To add a new account, type + or double-click the field, which displays the
Maintain Chart of Accounts window.
b. Account Aging Tab
To set up how sales invoices are aged and what aging brackets will be used for accounts
receivable, select the Account Aging tab in the Customer Defaults window.

Age Invoices By Field

Peachtree can age vendor and customer invoices by due date or invoice date. If we age by
invoice date, the aging reports show how old each invoice and each balance is. If we age by due
date, the aging reports show how overdue each invoice is. For this reason, many businesses
choose to age accounts payable by due date and accounts receivable by invoice date. Choose
either Invoice Date or Due Date.
c. Custom Fields Tab
Custom fields offer a way to keep track of specific information for business needs. Each business
is unique. While Peachtree already provides fields to record most common business data, we
probably require other information from time to time. Custom fields let us to setup and store that
unique data. We use the custom fields to set up fields that aren't available in the Maintain
Customers/Prospects window. For example, we can label customers by location (in-state, out-of-
state, international). We would enter the label as Location. When we are entering a customer, we
would enter his location under the Custom Fields tab.
d. Pay Methods Tab
To set up payment methods for your customers or deposit ticket ID properties, select the
Payment Methods tab in the Customer Defaults window.
Example (continued): Setting up Customers Default
ABC Inc accountants determined the Customers default information as follow:
 Type of payment customers make: Due in number of days
 Net Due Days: 30
 Discount in Days: 10
 Discount Percent: 2%
 Credit Limit: 1,000,000
 Credit Status: Notify Over Limit
 G/L Sales Account: 4001 - Sales - Income
 Discount G/L Account: 4004 - Sales Discounts – Income
 Age Invoices By: Invoice Date
 Custom Fields: Un tick all fields
Jigdan college Accounting software application 40
 4.3.2. Setting up Vendor Defaults
Vendors are the suppliers, who sell their product to the company that we do business. Thus we
have to enter data relating to the vendors as default information and data for each vendor.
Peachtree allows setting up default (common) information for vendors. Using this feature as a
template or model and build all vendor records on it. Entering basic setup information that
applies to most of vendors and purchase transactions in the Vendor Defaults window are helpful.
Thus, when we set up new vendors and enter transactions, the default information is
automatically included. This can save a great deal of time during data entry. To set up or review
vendor defaults, select Default Information from the Maintain menu, and choose Vendors.
The following window will appear:

Default information for vendors includes:

 Standard vendor payment terms
 General Ledger accounts for purchases and discounts
 Aging information for invoices due
 Custom field labels
 1099 settings, which establish how 1099 calculations (income tax in
USA) will be made for each of the General Ledger accounts in a
company's chart of accounts
a. Payment Terms Tab
Standard Terms Field: If the Use Standard Terms check box is selected for a vendor record in
the Maintain Vendors window, that vendor uses this default set of terms. Each field’s definitions
are similar to the definition made on the customers default.

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G/L Link Accounts: The defaults are used to link purchase and discount G/L accounts to most
of your vendors. You can change individual vendor setup, if necessary.
 G/L Expense Account: Enter the ID of the liability or expense account you
usually use for purchases. You can change the account entered at the vendor level
(Maintain Vendors) or when entering purchases (Purchases/Receive Inventory or
Purchase Orders).
 Discount G/L Account: Enter the ID of the account you want to use for early-
payment discounts you can take.
Example (continued): Setting up Vendors Default
ABC Inc. accountants determined the Vendors default information as follow:
 Type of payment customers make: Due in number of days
 Net Due Days: 30
 Discount in Days: 10
 Discount Percent: 2%
 Credit Limit: 1,000,000
 G/L Expense Account: 1004 - Inventory
 Discount G/L Account: 5002 - Purchase Discounts
 Age Invoices By: Due Date
 Custom Field: Un tick all fields
 1099 Settings: Make all accounts ‘None’

4.3.3. Setting up Inventory Item Defaults

Inventory represents the quantity (value) of goods on hand and available for sale at any given
time. Inventory is considered to be an asset that is purchased, manufactured (or assembled), and
sold to customers for revenue.
To set up or review inventory item defaults, select Default Information from the Maintain menu,
and choose Inventory Items. Use this feature like a template or model upon which to build all
your item records. You can enter the most common information. Then, when you set up new
inventory items and enter transactions, the default information is automatically included. Default
information for inventory includes:
 How Peachtree handles general issues such as out-of-stock warnings
 General Ledger Accounts and Costing Methods for each item class
 Item Tax and Shipping Information
 Item Custom Fields
 Item Sales Price Levels
To open Inventory Defaults, Select Maintain, Default Information, Inventory Items. And the
following window shown on the next page will appear:
General Tab
These options allow you to specify if you want to allow for duplicate values in certain
fields. You can also select a default item class.
Ordering Tab
On this tab are a number of important options that affect how Peachtree calculates the quantity
Jigdan college Accounting software application 42
available for sale on orders and invoices. You have the option of selecting whether or not you
want Peachtree to count items on outstanding purchase orders when it calculates the quantity
available for an item. Once this is done, you can set how Peachtree to notify you that quantities
are low when you try to sell the items. Finally, you can specify whether or not you want
Peachtree to automatically create purchase orders for items that are ordered on sales orders and
invoices. Peachtree will calculate the amounts that you are currently deficient and create a
purchase order for them, using the vendor listed in the Preferred Vendor field for the items.

GL Accts/Costing Tab
Since Peachtree stores several different types of “inventory” items, including stock, service,
assembly, activity items, and so forth, there are several default values that should be set prior to
adding your inventory items. These defaults will carry over automatically to the different types
of items you create, saving you a great deal of time when you add your items. Depending on
which Peachtree product you own, your list of item types will vary. The GL accounts selected
will be used when these item types are bought, sold, or used during different tasks in Peachtree.
You also can choose your default costing method. Peachtree supports three costing types for
stock and assembly items, and a dedicated costing type called Specific for Serialized items.
Activity and Charge items are used with Peachtree’s time and billing features. You can select
from Average, FIFO, and LIFO costing methods. Average provides a weighted average costing,
while FIFO and LIFO track cost levels as items are purchased and sold. Finally, you should
select the account to which freight costs will be credited when you sell items.
Taxes/Shipping Tab
Use this tab to create up to ten ship methods that can be specified on customer and vendor
records, as well as on most customer and vendor transactions. Also, you can create up to 25

Jigdan college Accounting software application 43

different tax categories for items. Use these tax types for classifying items for sales taxes.
Custom Fields Tab
As with customers and vendors, you can create up to five labels for custom fields, additional
information on your items that is specific to your business. Create the field labels here, and then
enter specific information for each item on the Custom Fields tab of the Maintain Inventory
Items window.
Price Levels Tab
Here, you define the different selling price levels that your items will have. You can have up to
ten different price levels, and these levels can be fixed amounts or calculated. Level 1 is the
default level and should always be used.
Example (continued): Setting up inventory Item Defaults
Use the following data to set up inventory default information.
General Tab: make the Default Item Class field
to: Stock items Ordering Tab: leave the fields as
it is
GL Accts/Costing Tab: Select the followings:

Item Class GL Sales/Inc GL Invtry/Wage GL Cost Sales Costing

Stock item 4001 1004 5001 FIFO
GL Freight Account: 6005

Taxes/ Shipping Tab: tick

only the first field Custom
Fields Tab: don’t tick all
fields Price Levels Tab: tick
only the first field

4.4. Customer, Vendor, and Inventory Maintenance

4.4.1. Customer Maintenance Window
Once we have set up customer defaults, some of that information will help to streamline the
process of adding customers to the database. We can view or enter basic information about
clients in the Maintain Customers/Prospects window. Customer information is contained on six
tabbed folders, only one of which is visible at a time, though you can view another tab by
clicking the tab label.
To open Customer/Prospects window,
 Select Maintain, then Customers/Prospects. And the following window shown on
the next page will appear. This window helps to enter, change, and store
information about companies and people to whom the company sell goods and
services. We can also enter information about companies and people with whom
we would like to do business (prospects).

Jigdan college Accounting software application 44

 Header Fields
In the header you define the customer ID, customer name, and the status of the customer. Note
that the customer ID is not case sensitive and must be unique for each customer.

General Tab
On the General tab, you enter basic information on the customer, including billing address,
phone numbers, and account number. In addition, you can use the dynamic Customer Type field
to classify your customers. When you print Accounts Receivable reports, you will be able to
filter your reports using this field.

Contacts Tab
Use this tab to enter contacts for this customer. You can specify such information as the
contact’s name, title, address, phone number and E-mail address.
Addresses Tab
Use this tab to enter and store shipping addresses for this customer. Peachtree automatically
copies the Billing Address to this tab.

Jigdan college Accounting software application 45

 History Tab
The History tab will show you sales and receipt history for the customer on a period by period
basis. It will also give you such information as the last invoice and last payment date. This tab
provides a handy reference for accessing information on the customer.
Sales Info Tab
Here, you enter a variety of sales information, such as Sales Rep, Sales Account, shipping
method, and the price level this customer will receive. Selecting a price level will ensure that
your customers always receive the correct price when you invoice them. In addition, you can
specify Form Delivery Options, which determine what type of format your quotes, invoices, and
such, will take. Note that even if you select e-mail, you can still print paper copies of invoices
and such.
Payment and Credit Tab
On this tab, you can enter credit card information and either accept the default payment terms set
up in customer defaults or you can modify this particular customer’s payment terms. To modify
the customer terms, simply select Customize terms for this customer from the drop-down list and
change the remaining fields.
Steps to Set Up a Customer
Use this procedure to set up a new customer record.
1. Do one of the following:
 From the Maintain menu, select Customers/Prospects.
 Click the Customers icon on the Sales Navigation Aid.
 Type + or double-click inside the Customer ID field of any task (transaction)
window.
 In all instances, Peachtree displays the Maintain Customers/Prospects
window.
2. Enter a new customer ID, and complete the necessary information.
3. When we are finished filling in the window, select the Save button.
Note that, if you are responsible for collecting sales tax when selling items or services to your
customers, then you must set up sales tax IDs. These sales tax IDs can be applied to customer
invoices and customer records to calculate proper sales tax for your customers. To set up sales
tax, refer its section later.
Entering Customer Beginning Balances
Once you save a customer record, you can enter beginning balances for the customer. Note that,
when you are entering your customer's beginning balances, do not enter an invoice that you have
already entered in the Sales/Invoicing window, or the amount in the Customer Ledger report will
double.

1. From the Maintain menu, select Customers/Prospects. Peachtree displays the

Maintain Customers/Prospects window.
2. Enter or select the customer ID. To display a list of existing customers, select the
drop- down arrow button.
Jigdan college Accounting software application 46
 3. Then select the History tab and select the Customer Beginning Balances button.
Peachtree displays the Customer Beginning Balances window.
4. On the Invoices for tab, enter the invoice number, invoice date, purchase order
number (if applicable), amount, and the appropriate A/R account (if necessary) for
each unpaid invoice for this customer that needs to be recorded when starting
Peachtree. Here to enter the date of the invoice, just move the mouth pointer on
the date column till it is changed into letter I and question mark, then right click
on that field and you will get a calendar.
5. To enter beginning balances for additional customers, select the Customer
Balances tab. Double-click the customer name, or highlight the name and select
the Invoices for tab. Note that, when you are setting up your company, it is
important to remember that the total of the beginning balances entered here needs
to equal the total amount you entered in your G/L for all accounts receivable
account types.
6. Select the Save button to return to the Maintain Customers/Prospects window.
Example (continued): Maintaining Customers/Prospects
Enter the following data in the Customers/Prospects window. Generally, ABC Inc. has five
customers and it has beginning balances with them.

Customer Name Contact Type Invoice Date Beginning A/R

ID Number Balance Account
ALDER Alder Comp Alex Customer 3333 Jan/2/2020 50,000 1002
ARCHER Archer Limited Naom Customer 3334 Feb/4/2020 150,000 1002
CAN Cannon Trading Zing Customer 3335 Dec/2/2020 200,000 1002
CHAP Chaplet Enterp Chang Customer 3336 Apr/9/2020 40,000 1002
KURT Kurtu PLC Has Customer 3337 Mar/3/2020 60,000 1002

4.4.2. Vendor Maintenance

The Maintain Vendors window stores information about the businesses purchase goods and
services from vendors. It’s also set up government agencies that we pay taxes to. Once we have
set up vendor defaults, we can use some of the information there to help streamline the process
of adding vendor records. Use the Maintain Vendors window to enter, change, and store
information about the companies and people from whom we purchase goods and services. We
can use this window to add a vendor, change existing vendor information, or delete a vendor if
no transactions have been entered for the vendor.
Setting up a vendors record could be started on the following choices, do one of the following:
o From the Maintain menu, select Vendors. Or click the Vendors icon on
the Purchases Navigation Aid. The following window shown on the next
page will appear.
Vendor Header Fields
Vendor header fields are located above the folder tabs of the Maintain Vendors window. This is

Jigdan college Accounting software application 47

where you enter lookup information about the vendor such as the vendor ID, name, and status.
Vendor ID: This code can be up to 20 alphanumeric characters. Lists and reports sort
ovendor IDs, so the coding convention you use is important. Numeric characters sort
before alpha characters. Also, the code is not case sensitive, so that codes A1 and a1
would be seen as the same vendor IDs. You cannot use *, ?, or + in the code.
Name: Enter the name of the new vendor (up to 39 alphanumeric characters) here. This
name prints on checks and reports. This can be a company name or an individual's name.

General Tab
General information includes the name of the contact person, your account number with the
vendor, mailing and remit-to addresses, and so forth. You enter this information on the General
tab. Besides name and addresses, on the General tab you can also specify a custom vendor type,
1099 information, telephone and fax numbers, e-mail address, and Web site address.
 Vendor Type lets you classify your vendors however you want. For
example, you might use SUPPLY or SERVICE as your different vendor
types. The field is case sensitive; that is, Supply and SUPPLY are treated
as two different words.

Jigdan college Accounting software application 48

  1099 Type lets you select whether the vendor type is Interest (you pay at
least $10 in interest to the vendor), Independent Contractor (you pay
then vendor more than $600 in one year), or None (the vendor fits neither
category).
 E-mail and Web site fields identify the vendor’s chief e-mail address and
Web site address. Click the buttons to the right of the fields to quickly
create an e-mail message or go to their Web site.

Purchase Defaults Tab

Default purchase information includes the following:
 Purchase rep: the person in the company who acts as purchasing agent with this
vendor.
 Expense account: Enter a General Ledger account for the default expense
account for this vendor. This is normally an expense account. The default for this
is set in Vendor Defaults. When purchasing an inventory item, the General Ledger
default accounts entered in Maintain Inventory Items override this default
account.
 Tax ID #: Enter the vendor's tax ID number. This is only necessary if we send
this vendor a 1099 form.
 Ship Via: Select the primary shipping carrier that this vendor uses for items. The
shipping carriers are set up in Inventory Item Defaults.
 Terms: We can choose to use the standard vendor payment terms set up in
Vendor Defaults or set up a unique set of terms for this vendor. Select the Terms
button to change the payment terms for this vendor.
 Form Delivery Options: This group box includes options that determine how
purchase order forms are delivered to your vendors, either from the Select a
Report window or using the E-mail button on the Purchase Orders window.
Entering Vendor Beginning Balances
Once you save a vendor, you can enter beginning balances for the vendor. When you are entering
your vendor's beginning balances, do not enter an invoice that you have already entered in the
Purchases window, or the amount in the Vendor Ledger report will double.

1. From the Maintain menu, select Vendors.

2. On the History tab, select the Beginning Balances button. Peachtree displays the
Vendor Beginning Balances window.
3. On the Purchases from tab, enter the invoice number, invoice date, purchase order
number (if applicable), amount, and the appropriate A/P account (if necessary)
for each unpaid invoice for this vendor that needs to be recorded when starting
Peachtree. If you are using accrual-based accounting, you must select an A/P account. If
you are set up as cash basis, the A/P Account field will be disabled. If you need to enter
more than one line on this tab, press ENTER and continue adding invoices.

Jigdan college Accounting software application 49

 4. To enter beginning balances for additional vendors, select the Vendor Balances
tab. Double-click the vendor name or highlight the name and select the Purchases
from tab.
Note: When you are setting up your company, it is important to remember that the
total of the beginning balances entered here needs to equal the total amount you
entered in your G/L beginning balances for all accounts payable account types.
5. Select the Save button when you are done.
Example (continued): Maintaining Vendors
Enter the following table data in the Maintain Vendors window. Generally, the ABC Inc. has five
vendors and it owe balances with them.

Vendor Name Contact Type Invoice Date Beginning A/P

ID Number Balance Account
BRT Brtu Enterp. Daniel Vendor 2123 Jun/5/2020 200,000 2001
GASH Gashy PLC Mohes Vendor 2124 Jan/ 3/2020 200,000 2001
LULE Lules Trading Aster Vendor 2125 Dec/3/2019 50,000 2001
NAE Nae Company Solomon Vendor 2126 Feb/2/2020 150,000 2001
TURU Turu Exporter Eskindr Vendor 2127 Aug/4/2020 95,000 2001

4.4.3. Inventory Items Maintenance

Peachtree tracks the inventory items that the company buys and sells and automatically updates
the quantities after each posting transactions. It also allows store items that do not stock but that
entered on invoices. This makes entering invoices faster. Tracking inventory in Peachtree is
basically a three-step process:
 Enter item information, including Sales account, Inventory account, and Cost
of Sales account.
 Use item IDs when entering purchases and sales. Peachtree computes and tracks
costs and quantities on a daily basis, based on transaction date and item class.
 Enter adjustments, if necessary, through the Inventory Adjustments Task.

Peachtree does the rest, adjusting inventory levels each time when posting a purchase or sale of
an inventory item. In addition, the program will track the cost of each item on a daily basis,
based on the transaction date and item class. In addition to tracking costs and quantities, using
inventory items makes entering transactions easier. Through Maintain Inventory Items, we can
set up the goods and/or services we sell. We can set a unit price and the account to be adjusted
by the sale of commodity. Then, when we enter the sale, we need only select an inventory item
and enter a quantity ordered; Peachtree computes the total. Use this procedure to set up a new
inventory item record.
1. Do one of the following:
o From the Maintain menu, select Inventory Items. Or Click the Inventory
Items icon on the Inventory Items Navigation Aid. Peachtree displays the
following Maintain Inventory Items window.

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 1. Enter a new item ID, and complete the necessary item information. For example,
choosing the correct Item Class. For the most part, you set them up using the fields
on the General tab of the Maintain Inventory Items window. But the additional tabs
in the window—Bill of Materials, Item Attributes, and Serial Numbers—let you
set up special item types such
as assembly, master stock, substock, and serialized items. For more information,
click a link below.
3. When you're finished filling in the window, select the Save button.
Inventory Item header fields are located above the folder tabs of the Maintain Inventory Items
window. This is where we enter lookup information about the item such as item ID, name, short
description for lists, item class (type of inventory item), and item status.
Item Class Field: This identifies the type of inventory item. Item classes define what
type of inventory item we are setting up. Item classes determine how an item's costing
information is recorded. Once an item class is established (saved) for an inventory item, it
cannot be changed. Peachtree allows the following some classes of inventory items:
 Stock Item: Use this item class for traditional inventory items that are tracked for
quantities, average costs, vendors, low stock points, and so on.
 Master Stock Item: Use this item class when we want to set up a master stock
item, a special item that does not represent inventory we stock but rather contains
information (item attributes) shared with a number of substock items generated
from it.
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 General Tab: Select this tab to set up item descriptions, item types, sale price
levels, default G/L accounts, and costing methods.
 G/L Sales Account: Enter or select the income type account that will be
credited when selling the item. All item classes except for Description
require a sales account.
 G/L Inventory Account: For stock items only, enter the account (typically
an inventory type account) that the inventory for this item is charged to.
This account is used as the default account for entering purchases.
Generally, the account gets debited when purchasing of the item and
credited when selling the item.
 G/L Cost of Sales Account: For stock items and assembly items, enter or
select the account that gets debited for the item when sold. Peachtree
allows to use Average Cost, LIFO (last in, first out), FIFO (first in, first
out), and Specific Unit. Costing occurs as of the transaction date for the
sale.
 Item Tax Type: These are the inventory item tax types that have been set
up in the Inventory Item Defaults. They define whether or not the stock
item is taxable.
 Sales/Purchase Description: This identifies the text that will appear for
this item in the Description field in transaction windows and on forms.
Select either type of description from the drop-down list. Each description
can be up to 160 alphanumeric characters long. Select for Sales to enter a
description that will be used in quotes, sales orders, sales/invoicing, and
receipts. Select for Purchases to enter a description that will be used in
purchase orders, purchases/receive inventory, and payments. It could
reference the vendor's catalog number for the item.
Entering Beginning Balances for Inventory
The beginning balance for inventory items includes the quantity, unit cost, and total cost of the
inventory. We use this when we first enter beginning balances. However, if we enter an incorrect
unit cost for a beginning balance, this is the only place where we can change it. We have to enter
a single quantity and unit cost for each inventory item. Do not use the Inventory Beginning
Balances window to make adjustments to inventory for spoilage or theft; instead, use the
Inventory Adjustments option from the Tasks menu. The total amount of inventory beginning
balances entered here needs to be the same amount entered in the chart of accounts beginning
balance for inventory accounts. If we don't do this, the general ledger and financial reports will
not match with inventory reports. Use this procedure to enter inventory beginning balances for
stock items and assemblies. This establishes the quantity on hand of items.
1. From the Maintain menu select Inventory Items, Maintain Inventory Items
window appears, then on the General tab, select the Beginning Balances
button at the right lower bottom of the window. Peachtree displays the
Inventory Beginning Balances window.
Jigdan college Accounting software application 52
 2. From the item list, enter or select an item ID that has beginning balance.
4. For each item, enter two of the three fields: quantity (on hand), unit cost,
and total cost. Peachtree will calculate the third or remaining field.
5. When finished entering beginning balances for all your inventory items, select
OK.

Example (continued): Maintain Inventory Items

Use the following data to maintain inventories with their beginning balances.
G/L Sales Account: 4001
G/L Inventory
Account: 1004
G/L Cost of Sales
Account: 5001
Item Tax Type: 1
Item ID Description Item Class Cost Beginning Balance
Method Quantity Unit Cost Total Cost
AC Air Conditioner Stock item FIFO 2 10,000 $20,000
DC Digital Camera Stock item FIFO 50 1,000 $50,000
DTC Desktop Computer Stock item FIFO 10 4,000 $40,000
LAP Laptop Stock item FIFO 4 10,000 $40,000
TV Television Stock item FIFO 20 2,500 $50,000

4.5. Setting-Up Sales Taxes

Sales taxes are amounts charged by a state, country, locality or other agency on items that you
sell to your customers. Thus, before billing customers, you will want to set up your sales taxes.
Once these are set up, you can make a particular sales tax part of each customer’s record and
automatically call up the correct sales tax when you create orders, bills, and so forth, for that
customer.

You will set up your sales taxes by following the Sales Tax Wizard. Here, you will set up your
Sales Tax Agencies and your Sales Taxes. Sales Tax Agencies are the individual taxing bodies,
such as the state you do business in, a particular county or city, or a special tax (school tax,
building tax). Sales Taxes consist of a number of Sales Tax Agencies that make them up. For
instance, the county where you do business might impose a state tax, county tax, and special
school tax; all of these could be covered by a single Sales Tax. Or you could have a sales tax for
sales made in the city limits, in a county, or in an out-of-state location. You’ll assign a Sales Tax
to each customer.

4.5.1. To create your Sales Taxes,

i. Select Maintain, Sales Taxes. This will open the following Sales Tax
Wizard. This wizard can also use to edit, view, and delete sales taxes and
sales tax agencies.

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 ii. Select Set up a new sales tax and click Next.
iii. After clicking NEXT, Set up New Sales Tax wizard appear. Use this
window to set up a new sales tax. Here, you will specify the total rate that
you will charge and how many individual rates make up the total rate.
 What is the total rate that you will charge?: The number you put here
should be the total of all individual taxing agencies. For instance, if you
have a state agency that charges 4% and a county agency that charges 2%,
you would enter 6 in this field. If one or more of the taxing agencies
charges sales tax based on a formula of some sort, leave this field blank.
 How many individual rates make up this total rate: Here, specify the
number of agencies that make up this sales tax. For instance, in the
example above, where there is a state tax and a county tax, you would
enter 2 here.
iv. Add Sales Tax Agency Wizard
Use this window to create sales tax agencies. These agencies are the specific governmental units
who will receive the sales taxes you collect. The agencies created here will be applied to the
sales tax ID that you are currently creating. In addition, they will be available, once they are
created, to be applied to other sales tax IDs.
 Agency ID: Enter a brief ID here, something that clearly identifies the
agency to you, such as FED for the federal or other ID like 123.
 Agency name: Enter the name of the agency here.

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 Which vendor do you send the taxes you've collected to?: Enter or

select the vendor to whom you will send the collected sales taxes. If you
have not created a vendor to receive sales tax, you can enter a new vendor
ID here and Peachtree will allow you to set up the vendor during this
wizard.
 How are sales taxes calculated for this agency? If the agency collects a
flat rate tax (such as 4%), select By single rate. Otherwise, if the agency
collects based on a formula of some sort, select By formula.
Select an account to track all sales taxes: Select a general ledger account to which collected
sales taxes will be applied. This account will be reported on your Balance Sheet as part of your
liabilities (money you owe) until you return the amount.
v. Sales Tax Entered Wizard
On this window you will complete the creation of a new sales tax ID. You will create an ID and
a sales tax name, as well as specify if this sales tax should be applied to freight charges on sales.
 Sales tax ID: Enter an ID for this sales tax ID, such as VAT or TOT.
 Sales tax name: enter a name to the sales tax ID. It should be something
descriptive so you can easily identify it, such as Federal Inland Revenue or
Custom Duty.
 Do you charge sales taxes on freight?: Select Yes if you are required to
add sales tax to any freight charges that your customers pay for shipping
services. This requirement varies from state to state.
vi. After entering the required information, click Finish.
Example (continued): Setting-Up Sales Taxes
ABC Inc. has been registered to collect Value Added Tax (VAT) by Inland
Revenue of Ethiopia. In addition, the company has the responsibility to collect
Turn Over Tax (TOT) on those products which are VAT exempted. Data in the
following table used to set up sales tax:

Fields to be Filled in the Wizard Tax Type 1 (VAT) Turn Type 2 (TOT)
Total Rate……………………………... 15 2
Number of Total Rate…………………. 1 1
Sales Tax Agency ID.............................. FED RSA
Sales Tax Agency Name……………… Federal Revenue Authority Regional State of Amhara
Vender **..…..…………….................. FEDREVENUE REGREVENUE
Sales Tax Calculation………................. By Single Rate By Single Rate
Rate……………………………………. 15 2
Sales Tax Account ……………………. 2005 - VAT Payable 2002, Sales Tax Payable
Sales Tax ID………………................... VAT20 TOT20
Sales Tax Name…………….................. Value Added Tax Turn Over Tax
**Here you must have to maintain new vendor to receive VAT and TOT
collected from customers. Thus, set up a new vendor using the following data:
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 For Tax Type 1 (VAT): Vendor ID: FEDREVENUE
Name: Federal Revenue Authority
Vendor Type: Tax
Expense Account: 2005, VAT Payable, Other Current
Liabilities

For Tax Type 2 (TOT): Vendor ID: REGREVENUE

Name: Regional State of Amhara
Vendor Type: Tax
Expense Account: 2002, Sales Tax Payable
4.6. Setting up Payroll
Peachtree automates payroll process. Once employee defaults, employee records, and tax
formulas are set up, Peachtree automatically computes the paycheck. Then, it is possible to print
a batch of checks for all employees or print a single paycheck.

4.6.1. Setting up Payroll Default: Payroll Setup Wizard

The Payroll Setup wizard walks you through setting up most payroll defaults and standard
payroll fields. As you answer the prompts in the wizard, Peachtree will create for you most of the
common payroll fields used in calculating deductions and taxes. The Peachtree Payroll Setup
wizard establishes the following:
 State and locality defaults
 Common federal and state payroll fields for employee-paid and company-paid
taxes
 General ledger account defaults for payroll fields
 Optional payroll fields for employee tips and meals
 Optional payroll fields for employee and employer contributions to retirement
plans
 Optional payroll fields for employee vacation and sick time
To begin the Payroll Setup wizard, from the Maintain menu, select Payroll and choose Payroll
Setup Wizard, then the figure depicted on the next page will appear.
Peachtree displays the Payroll Setup Wizard. (Once you complete the wizard, its name changes
to Payroll Settings.) The initial screens tell you about your options for processing payroll with
Peachtree: full-service and in-house payroll.

Jigdan college Accounting software application 56

  Choose Payroll Options: select do it yourself In–House, because the
other (Full Service Payroll) only used in USA.
 Full Service Payroll: Peachtree Managed Payroll by online service.
 Do It Yourself In-House: You can maintain and update your payroll
formulas and calculations yourself.
 Enter Company Information:
Here you can enter basic payroll information for your company, such as:
 Enter your federal and state employer ID.
 Enter or select from the drop-down list the state abbreviation for the
primary state in which your employees work.
 Enter your state unemployment ID and rate for unemployment
insurance (not apply to Ethiopia).
 If there is a tax associated with your state, a field will display where
you can enter the rate for that tax. (Not all state taxes may be
supported.)
 Select Yes to create payroll amounts for Meals and Tips that the
company provides to the employees. By default, the Tips and Meals
are logged for reporting and tax calculations, but no entry is posted to
the general ledger.

Jigdan college Accounting software application 57

 
 Pay Types: enter the pay type
 Hourly Pay Types: The default hourly pay levels are Regular and
Overtime. You can rename hourly pay types to meet your company's
needs. For example, include pay types for specific functions: dishwasher,
cook, server, and so on. You can enter as many as 20 hourly pay types.
 Salary Pay Types: Each salary pay type is initially named Salary. You
could rename the second and third salary pay types Bonus and
Commission. Or, you could rename them to be different departments. For
example, include salary pay types for employees who work for more than
one department. You can enter as many as 20 salary pay types.
 G/L Account: Enter the general ledger account to which you want gross
payment to be distributed. If a pay type is to be used, you must enter a
corresponding G/L account. To display a list of existing accounts, type ?
in the G/L Account ID field or select the Lookup button. To add a new
account, type + or double-click the field, which displays the Maintain
Chart of Accounts window.
 Setup Complete: While you've completed the Payroll Setup Wizard, you
can also edit or adjust a couple more steps.
Example (continued): Setting-Up Payroll Default
The following data are used to set up payroll default for ABC Inc. thus, enter the
followings in the appropriate fields.
Payroll Option: select Do It Yourself In-House
Payroll Option-Do it yourself In-House: select
Do It Yourself State: write AM
Pay Type:
 Hourly-Regular: select 6012
Wages Expense
Overtime: select 6012
Wages Expense
 Salary-Salary: Select 6011
Salaries Expense Taxes: Tax liability acct no:
Select 2004-Income Tax Payable
Tax expense acct no: Select 6009 – Payroll Tax Expense

Dear Students! Peachtree requires that you first complete the Payroll Setup Wizard before you
access Employee Defaults. That's because the setup wizard will create most of the
default information for you. And, after setting up payroll defaults we must have to maintain
payroll formulas. Thus, the next section deals about setting up payroll formulas and then setting
up employees default information.
4.6.2. User-Maintained Payroll Formulas
There are two sets of payroll formulas in Peachtree: Peachtree-maintained and user-maintained.
Jigdan college Accounting software application 58
 1. Peachtree-Maintained Payroll Formulas apply to all the companies you
have set up in Peachtree. They include predefined formulas containing
federal-, state-, and (some) local- regulated tax calculations maintained by
one of the payroll tax solutions for Peachtree. When you subscribe to the
tax service, you will receive tax updates periodically as dictated by
changes in tax laws. Installing these updates overwrites any changes you
may have made in Peachtree-Maintained Payroll Formulas.
2. User-Maintained Payroll Formulas are only used by the specific
company for which they are set up. They do not get overwritten by tax
updates, so this is where you would enter customized calculations for
employees’ income tax. If you do not subscribe to any of the payroll tax
solutions, you would set up your federal, state, and local tax calculations in
User-Maintained Formulas. We also use the User-Maintained Payroll
Formulas, because the first one only applies to USA.
To open User-Maintained Payroll Formulas window, from the File menu, select Payroll
Formulas, then User-Maintained. Peachtree displays the following User-Maintained Payroll
Formulas window.

Formula ID: If you plan to enter a new formula, enter an ID that is not already in
the Formula list box. You should follow the naming conventions of Peachtree and
start the ID with the two-letter postal abbreviation for your state.

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 Name: The name you choose for your formula is important, because it allows
Peachtree to identify which payroll formula to use for a particular field. The name
has two (and sometimes three) parts separated by a single space:

 calculation name: this is the name of the tax or plan--for example, income tax
 payee (for certain formula types): EE (employee pays) or ER (employer pays)
 payroll tax year: this is the last two digits of the calendar year to which this tax
formula applies. For example, if we are in the year 2020, we must have to enter
the last two digits of 20. Or if we are in the year 2012, we must have to enter the
last two digits of 21.

Effect on gross pay: A formula can either add to or subtract from gross pay. Most
taxes or benefits will subtract from gross pay. In some cases, the formula may
either add or subtract from the gross in payroll calculations. Use "Either subtracts
or adds" for a vacation or sick time field to allow the calculation of a deduction to
be positive, or the calculation of an addition to be negative.

Filing Status: If this calculation is to be used for all employees, regardless of

Filing Status, select All Filing Statuses from the drop-down list. If you choose an
alternate status, create multiple formulas with unique IDs for each possible filing
status; make sure each formula ID and filing status variation uses the same tax
name.

How do you classify this formula?: You can select either a Tax (income tax), a
Deduction
(Pension), a Benefit (Insurance), or Reimbursement (positive adjustment).
Tax Agency: You select the type of government this tax applies to by selecting
one of the available options. If you select State or Local government, you must
specify the state or locality to which the tax applies. For State, enter the two-
character postal abbreviation; for locality, you can type in the name of the locality.
You can indicate that this tax applies to all states or all localities.

Note: The state or locality specified for the government entered here must also be
entered in State/Locality field of the Withholding Information table in the
Maintain Employees/Sales Reps window.

Use this formula as a filter on the Payroll Tax report: Select this check box to
have this calculation appear on the Payroll Tax Report menu or to have the payroll
field that uses this calculation appear on the Exception Report. The Taxable Gross
variable must be included in the formula when selecting this check box.

Formula: The Formula box contains the equations you use to actually calculate
taxes. If you subscribe to the Peachtree tax service, Peachtree supplies the

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 equations for most types of taxes. If you are setting up your own tax calculations,
enter the correct formula.

The new Ethiopian income tax proclamation required to calculate employees’ income tax
obligation based on the following schedule. For example, if one employee gets a monthly
salary of Birr 1,450, his/her monthly income tax will be ((1,450×10%)-60) = 85.

Employment Income Tax Rate Deduction

0 600 exempted 0
601 1650 10% 60
1651 3200 15% 142.50
3201 5250 20% 302.50
5251 7800 25% 565
7801 10900 30% 955
Over 10900 35% 1500
In Ethiopia also, government employees contribute 7 percent of their gross pay salary to the
pension fund. Thus, we must have to enter a formula for the employees’ contribution of pension
in the formula box.

In addition to employees’ contribution to the pension fund, government employers or

organizations contribute 11% of employees’ basic salary. Thus, we must have to enter formula
for company’s pension contribution.

Furthermore, most organizations give allowances for employees. The allowance can be
predetermined house rent, transport cost allowance and so on. However, these allowance most of
the time taxable by adding them with the basic salary amount. So, we have to enter the
allowances formula to be calculated when preparing payroll.

Example (continued): User-Maintained Payroll Formulas

ABC Inc. calculate its employees income tax liability based on the above
schedule, calculate pension contributions of employees based on 7% of their basic
salary, calculate its pension contributions to employees based on 11% of
employees basic salary, and ABC also give house allowance of Birr 500 for each
employees. Note that, the house allowance is taxable. Use the following data to set
up five payroll formulas for ABC Inc.

 Formula 1: Formula ID: INCOMTAX

Name: Income Tax 21
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 How do you classify this formula?: Tax
Tax agency: Federal
Effect on gross pay: Subtracts from gross
Filling status: All
Formula: ANSWER= - (IF(TAXABLE_GROSS<600,0,
IF(TAXABLE_GROSS<1650,TAXABLE_G
ROSS*0.1-
60,IF(TAXABLE_GROSS<3200,TAXABLE_
GROSS*0.15-
142.5,IF(TAXABLE_GROSS<5250,TAXABLE_GROSS*0.2-
302.5,IF(TAXABLE_GROSS<7800,TAXABLE_GROSS*0.25
-
565,IF(TAXABLE_GROSS<10900,TAXABLE_GROSS*0.3-
955,TAXABLE_GROSS*0.35-1500)))))))
 Formula 2: Formula ID: EMPENSIO
Name: Employee Pension Contribu 21
How do you classify this
formula?: Deduction Effect on
gross pay: Subtracts from gross
Filling status: All
Formula: answer = -(TAXABLE_GROSS*0.07)
 Formula 3: Formula ID: CMPENSIO
Name: Company Pension Contribut 21
How do you classify this
formula?: Benefit Effect on
gross pay: Subtracts from
gross Filling status: All
Formula: answer = -(TAXABLE_GROSS*0.11)
 Formula 4: Formula ID: CPC
Name: CPC 21
How do you classify this formula?: Benefit
Effect on gross pay: Adds to gross
Filling status: All
Formula: answer = -(TAXABLE_GROSS*0.11)

Note that, Formula 4 is pseudo (false) formula used to make a workable

formula of Formula 3

 Formula 5: Formula ID: ALLOWANC

Name: House Allowance 21
How do you classify this formula?: Benefit
Effect on gross pay: Adds to gross
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 Filling status: All
Formula: answer = 500
After entering the above formulas, the next step is to enter employee defaults and make a link
between employee defaults with the above five formulas.
4.6.3. Employee Defaults
Here (and in the Payroll Setup Wizard or Payroll Settings), you enter basic setup information
that applies to most of your employees and payroll transactions. Then, when you set up new
employees and enter paychecks, the default information is automatically included. This can save
a great deal of time during data entry. To set up or review employee defaults, select Default
Information from the Maintain menu, and choose Employees, then the following figure will
appear.

General tab
This tab helps to set up basic default information for your employees, including
custom field names and how employee names display in lists.

Employee Field tab

Here (and in the Payroll Setup Wizard or Payroll Settings), you enter basic setup
information that applies to most of your employees and payroll transactions. Then,
when you set up new employees and enter paychecks, the default information is
automatically included. Thus, to set up defaults for how Peachtree handles
employee gross pay including any applicable calculations, select the Employee
Fields tab in the Employee Defaults window. This can include various employee
deductions and additions.
Field Name: Enter the name of the payroll field, or use the defaults.

Jigdan college Accounting software application 63

 G/L Account: Account number in general ledger where information entered into
this field for this employee is posted. Not applicable if the Memo check box is
selected.
Calculate (Calc): Selecting this check box allows you to select a formula name to
use when calculating tax amounts. Formula names use formulas and (sometimes)
tables to calculate tax amounts. You can select formula names here but you must
set them up in User-Maintained Payroll Formulas before they will calculate. If you
uncheck this box, then you would have to manually calculate taxes and enter them
on each paycheck.

Formula: If you chose to Calculate this field, enter the name of the formula to use
(not the Formula ID) without the payroll year. Type ? to display a list of the
currently set-up formulas. (If you choose to set up your own payroll formulas,
make sure each formula entered here corresponds to a formula in User-Maintained
Payroll Formulas.)
Amount: If you aren't using a calculation, enter a flat rate here. Positive numbers
are earnings and negative numbers are deductions.

Memo: Select this check box if the information in this field does not affect your
company general ledger or financial statements. An example of this would be tips.

Run: Select this check box to indicate that you don't want the balance to be set to
zero when you close the year.

Adjust: If this field can be calculated, select this button to display the Calculate
Adjusted Gross window where you can choose which payroll fields are
accumulated to determine the adjusted gross for this calculation.
Company Fields tab
To set up defaults for how Peachtree handles employer-paid taxes and
contributions, select the Company Fields tab in the Employee Defaults window.
These payroll fields do not impact the net amount of the employee paycheck.

Description: Enter the name of the payroll field, or use the defaults.
Liability Account: This is the number of the general ledger liability account you
want to use. Typically this is employer-paid payroll tax liability.
Expense Account: This is the number of the expense account you want to use.
Typically this is employer-paid payroll tax expense.
Calculate (Calc): Select this check box if you want Peachtree to automatically
calculate the payroll field amount when computing paychecks. If you select this
check box, you must also select a formula name to use when calculating the
amount.
Formula: If this field can be calculated, enter the name of the payroll formula to

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 use (not the Formula ID) without the payroll year.
Adjust: If this field can be calculated, select this button to display the Calculate
Adjusted Gross window where you can choose which payroll fields are
accumulated to determine the adjusted gross for this calculation.
Example (continued): Employee Defaults
To set up employee defaults for ABC Inc., first clear all information available on
the Employee Fields tab and Company Fields tab. Then enter the following data
on the Employee Fields tab and Company Fields tab.

Employee Fields tab:

Field Name G/L Account Calc Formula
INCOMETAX 2004, Income Tax Payable  Income Tax
EMPENSION 2006, Employee Pension Con Payable,  Employee Pension
Other Current Liabilities Contrib
ALLOWANCE 6014, Allowance Expense, Expense  House Allowance

Company Fields tab:

Field Name Liability Expense Calc Formula
COMPENSION 2007, Company Pension 6015, Company Pension  Company Pension
Con Payable, Other Cont Expense, Expense Contribute
Current Liabilities
CP 2007 6015  CPC

 In addition, from the Employee Field tab, select INCOMETAX row and
click the Adjust column, then from the Calculate Adjusted Gross window,
tick the field of Use on ALLOWANCE raw to include allowance amounts
in the taxable income amount.
4.6.4. Maintaining Employees
Setting up your company's employees involves three tasks: setting employee defaults (already
sated up above), setting up data records for your employees, and entering beginning balances
from any outstanding payroll amounts for employees. So before you begin the process, you
should assemble the names, addresses, phone numbers, e-mail addresses, Social Security
numbers, and hire/termination dates for all your company's employees.
Use the Maintain Employees/Sales Reps window to enter, change, and store information about
your company employees and sales representatives (reps). Thus, from the Maintain menu, select
Employees/Sales Reps. Setting up an employee record involves the following:

a. Entering employee ID and name

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In the header area of the window (the area just below the toolbar), enter a new Employee ID.
This must be an ID unique to this employee. It is NOT case-sensitive. If you leave the ID field
blank, Peachtree will create an ID based on the Name you enter.

b. Entering general employee information

General information includes the address of the employee, the social security number, and type.
c. Entering employee customizable fields
Employee customizable fields allow you a way to keep track of specific information about your
employees. You use custom fields to set up fields that aren't available on the Maintain
Employees window. For example, you can add a custom field for the employee's education level.
Setting up custom fields is a two-step process:
i. Enter the field label (Education) on the General tab of Employee Defaults.
ii. When you set up an employee (Maintain Employees), on the bottom of the
General tab, enter the actual education level of the employee (such as
College degree).

d. Entering additional employee information

Additional information includes details such as hire date and gender.

e. Entering pay information

Pay information includes the employee's hourly or salary rates (based on default settings), the
frequency with which the employee is paid, and the general ledger accounts that their earnings
should be applied to. Information entered here will automatically be entered whenever you pay
the employee.

f. Entering withholding information

Withholding information includes the employee's federal, state, and local (if any) filing statuses,
as well as any special withholdings or pension contributions.

g. Entering vacation and sick-time information

Most employees should use the default or standard information set up in Payroll Settings. You
only need to adjust this information for employees with special circumstances for vacation or
sick time. Just uncheck the This employee uses the company default settings box and enter the
unique information.

h. Entering employee deduction information

Use this tab to make special modifications to the employee's deductions. For instance, if an
employee has a flat percentage withheld for federal income tax rather than an amount based on
the formula. Also, any individual amounts that the employee might pay for insurance coverage
are entered here. Deductions found here are created on the Employee tab of Employee Defaults.

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You must first create a deduction there before you will see it here.

i. Entering employer deduction information

The Employer tab displays deductions and amounts that the employer is required to pay for this
employee. These deductions include the employer portion pension contribution.

Example (continued): Maintaining Employees

Assume that, ABC Inc. has five employees. The following data represents for each
five employees that have to be entered in the Maintain Employees & Sales Reps
window.

Employee 1 2 3 4 5
Heading Fields
Employee ID TILA11 SOLO12 ALM13 SEID14 DAN15
Employee First Name Tilahun Solomon Almaz Seid Daniel
Employee Last Name Abebe Teka Tesfa Jemal Mekonnen
Type: Employee or Sales Employee Employee Employee Employee Employee
Rep
General Tab
Address Dessie Dessie Haik Kombolcha Kombolcha
Pay Info Tab
Pay Method Salary Salary Salary Salary Salary
Pay Frequency Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly Monthly
Salary Pay Rate 500 1050 2500 1450 2100

Dear Students! After you entered these data, i.e., customers, vendors, inventories and
employees default, sales tax, tax formula, maintaining customers, vendors, inventories and
employees, you must have to change the accounting period to the current period.

4.7. Changing the Accounting Period

Accounting periods define segments of the fiscal year. Peachtree permits to operate within two
open fiscal years. The Change Accounting Period window serves two purposes. First, it informs
you of your company's current fiscal year and payroll tax year setup. Second, this window
permits you to move to an alternate account period. Typically, you'll do this at the beginning of
each new accounting period. To open the Change Account Period window, do one of the
following:
 From the Tasks menu, select System, then Change Accounting Period.
 Click the Accounting Period button on the on the Button Control Bar at the
top of the main Peachtree window.

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  Click the Accounting Period button on the Peachtree main application toolbar.
Open Accounting Periods: A list of accounting period numbers and dates for your company's
two open fiscal years. Accounting period dates are defined during the New Company Setup
process and cannot be changed once they are set up. Most companies operate with twelve
accounting periods per fiscal year. To move to a new accounting period, select the period from
the drop-down list box. You can change this to any other period in the one or two fiscal years for
which you have set accounting periods. You can create or edit transactions in a prior period
without changing the Accounting Period. However, the transaction date cannot be prior to the
first period of the first open fiscal year.

Note: If you have security rights activated in Peachtree, a lock icon appears next to prior
accounting periods. You can restrict users from editing transactions in prior accounting periods
by giving them View Only access to Transactions in Prior Periods. This setting is made in the
Selected Access window, under the Company/Tasks program area; choose Company in the menu
at left, and then find the Tasks subarea.

Current Accounting Period: Identifies the accounting period number and dates Peachtree is
currently operating in. If the current system date is within the current accounting period date
range, Peachtree dates new transactions automatically based on your system date. It also displays
the current dates for the first and second fiscal years as well as the first and second open payroll
tax (calendar) years.

Open Fiscal Years: Identifies the two open fiscal years in which you can enter new or edit old
transactions. The first fiscal year is typically referred to as the current year, the second is referred
to as the next fiscal year. To change the dates, you must close a fiscal year using the Year-End
wizard.

Open Payroll Tax Years: Identifies the two open payroll (calendar) tax years used in payroll
transactions and reports. To change the dates, you must close a fiscal year using the Year-End
wizard. The toolbar at the top of the window contains the following buttons: OK, Cancel, and
Help. Note that, if you are using the batch posting method, you must post all your transactions
before Peachtree will let you continue.

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4.8. Summary
In this chapter we have seen how to setup different types of settings. The purpose of marinating
different types of setting is to make ready the software for future use. However, if we want to
change or add something that have been previously entered or not, it is possible to change or add.

Default information is used in Peachtree to reduce the time required to enter different types of
information or transaction. Because default information is common types of information that
shared by customers, vendors, inventory items, payroll and employees.

The other thing is when we are entering default information or detailed information we must
have to follow each and every steps to avoid the entrance of errors in the system.
4.9. Chapter End Questions
1. In maintaining chart of account, the UNIQUE IDENTIFIER is entered in:
a) In the description field
b) In the account type field
c) In account ID field
d) In the maintain account field
2. To enter the customers or vendors beginning balance, which tab must be clicked
a) General
b) Contact
c) History
d) Account Balances
3. In order to maintain payroll formula by ourselves which menu bar and option is
selected?

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 a) File menu, payroll Formulas, Peachtree maintained
b) File menu, payroll Formulas, User maintained
c) Maintain menu, payroll Formulas, User maintained
d) Maintain menu, payroll Formulas, Peachtree maintained
4. In Peachtree, the government body that will receive the collected sales taxes
from the company is known as -----
a) Government tax agency
b) Sales tax agency
c) Federal and state sales tax
d) All of the above
5. In Peachtree software, the government agency that will receive the collected
sales taxes from the company considered as---
a) Customer
b) Tax agency
c) Vendors
d) None

Hint Answers for choose questions:

1: c, 2: c, 3: b, 4: b, 5: c

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 Chapter Five: Transactions
Learning Objectives
After studying this chapter, you will be able to:
 Distinguish between the different types of windows used to record transactions;
 Record transaction in Peachtree software; and
 Identify the special journal and general journal.
5.1. Introduction
Dear Students! As you know, transactions are financial exchanges between a business and its
customers, vendors and other people associated with a business. As we have seen Peachtree
window, it has Menu Bar on the top which includes the following menus within its main
window: File, Edit, Lists, Maintain, Tasks, Analysis, Options, Reports & Forms, Services,
Window, and Help. Basically, we have used Maintain Menu when we set up chart of accounts,
default records, maintained customers or vendors, and so on.

In this chapter, we will use Tasks Menu to enter transactions and other task- related information,
for instance, to enter invoices, pay vendors, receive payments from customers, enter bank
deposits, pay employees, and make adjustments to general journal. In addition, we can make
entries to the account register, reconcile bank account, void checks, to change the accounting
period, manage action items, and launch the Peachtree Year-End wizard.
5.2. Types of Journals
There are two types of Journals: Special Journal and General Journal. Special Journals are
used to record frequently occurring and similar types of transactions. On the other hand,
general Journal is used to record infrequent and dissimilar types of transactions. In general,
there are more than four types of special journals: Purchase special journal,
Payment/disbursement special Journal, Sales special Journal and Receipt Special Journal.

Purchase Special Journal: is used to record on account purchases of merchandises. As well this
special journal it is used to record purchases that are made by paying partial amount of cash at
the time of the purchase.

Payment/disbursement Special Journal: is used to record in cash purchases of merchandises.

As well this special journal it is used to record payment of account payable that arise from
purchase special journal. In addition, it is also used to record partial payment of account payable.

Sales Special Journal: is used to record on account sales of merchandises. As well this special
journal it is used to record sales that are made by receiving partial amount of cash at the time of
the sale.
Receipt Special Journal: is used to record in cash sales of merchandises. As well this special
journal it is used to record receipt of account receivable that arise from sales special journal. In
addition, it is also used to record partial receipt of cash of account receivable.

5.3. Sales and Accounts Receivable (Customers Transactions)

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If we want to enter a cash sale from customer, we would use the Receipts window on the Tasks
menu, not the Sales/Invoicing window. The Sales/Invoicing window is for credit customers
only. Here is a way to remember the difference between Receipt and Sales/Invoicing: if the
transaction involves a credit sale, enter it in the Sales/Invoicing window; if the transaction is in
cash, enter it in Receipts window. Thus, Sales/Invoicing task is the Sales Journal. Whereas, the
Receipts task is the Cash Receipt Journal. Peachtree organizes and monitors the money that
comes into business from customers. The money that received from customers is tracked in
accounts receivable (also known as sales). In Peachtree, we can create quotes, sales orders,
proposals sales invoices, receipts (customer payments), or create deposit tickets for customer
receipts.

 Quotes: is entering an estimate of costs that can be printed or sent

electronically to customer; no accounting happens (not a transaction).
 Sales Orders: is creating an order that will be filled at a later time. Sales
orders reserve inventory items.
 Proposals: is a draft estimate for services that will be performed by the company.
 Sales Invoices: is a billing of customer for goods shipped and services performed.
 Receipts: is entering payments from customers and it can be applied to an open
invoice.
 Select for Deposit: is creating a deposit slip for customer payments.

Depending on the business, we may or may not use all of these options. For instance, if the
company do not take orders and ship the order later, most likely the company would not use sales
orders, but it would invoice the customers directly. Similarly, if the company do not grant credit
for customers, but work on a cash basis only, the company would not need to create sales
invoices. Instead, we could enter items shipped and monies received using the Receipts task.
5.3.1. Entering Sales Invoices
Invoices are document that lists the goods shipped or services performed with their price, and the
terms of sale. Thus, sales invoices are documents that list goods and services that customers
receive from the business. Customer invoices are entered or maintained in the Sales/Invoicing
window. All entries made here are posted to General Ledger, customer records, and possibly job
and inventory records. We can use this window for a variety of customer billing functions,
including filling sales orders and proposals, invoicing customers, and billing and receiving
payments. The following steps are used to enter sales invoice.

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 1. From the Tasks menu, select Sales/Invoicing. The following window will appear:
Select the Layout toolbar button, and choose the Predefined Product template, Predefined
Service or Professional template from the pull-down menu.
2. Enter or select the customer ID. When the customer is selected, Peachtree supplies
the customer default information, including billing and shipping addresses, sales
account, shipping method, payment terms, and sales tax ID.
3. If this customer has open sales orders, the Apply to Sales Order tab appears in
front. To enter new items on the invoice, select the Apply to Sales tab.
4. Leave the Invoice # field blank if you want Peachtree to print an invoice.
Peachtree will increase the invoice number by one when it is printed. Otherwise,
enter an invoice number or other reference number. (If you print the invoice with
an invoice number assigned or print it again later, the invoice will have the word
DUPLICATE on it.)
5. Enter the date of the transaction if it is different from the displayed date.
6. Peachtree will automatically enter the Contact and Ship To information for the
address marked as Ship To Address 1 on the customer record. You can select
another contact and shipping address from the choices available in the Ship To
drop-down list, or manually enter another address in the Ship To fields.
7. If you have entered a default P.O.# in the customer's record, it will appear on the
invoice. If not, you can enter the customer's purchase order number now or
change the default to any other piece of information that will identify this invoice
to the customer.
8. If you have entered a default shipping method in the customer's record, it will

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 appear. You can select the Ship Via button if you want to select a different
shipping method. You can also enter a ship date.
9. Peachtree uses the default terms you have entered for the customer, but you may
want to select the Terms button to change the default discount dates or amounts
for this invoice. When a receipt that qualifies for an early-payment discount is
applied against the invoice, Peachtree will calculate the discount.
10. If you entered a default Sales Rep in the customer's record, it will appear.
Otherwise, select the rate of the sales representative, if applicable.
11. Enter the information for each item included on the invoice on a separate line,
including the item's quantity, item ID, description, unit price, sales tax status, and
job information.
12. Select the sales tax ID for this sale.
13. If you intend to charge freight for shipping this order, include an amount in the
Freight field.
14. If you have received a partial or full payment for this invoice at the time of the
sale, select the Amount Paid at Sale button. Peachtree displays the following
Receive Payment window, where you can enter receipt information.
In the Receive Payment window fill the following fields

 Deposit Ticket ID: Cash deposit number can be entered if it is deposited when
cash is received
 Reference: Enter the check number, credit card number, or the word cash in this
field. This is a required field.
 Customer ID: This appears based on the customer selected on the invoice and
cannot be changed here.
 Date: The date is the invoice date and cannot be changed here.
 Name: The customer's name and billing address are displayed and cannot be
changed here. This information can be changed on the invoice, and any changes
made will be reflected.
 Receipt Amount: Enter the amount the customer is paying at this time.
 Payment Method: From the list, select the method of payment this customer is
using. The payment methods are entered on the Pay Methods tab of the Customer
Defaults window.
 Cash Account: The account that appears here when you open the Receive
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 Payment window is the last Cash Account that was used on the Receipts window.
You can select a different account or add a new one here. Note: If you want to
apply an alternate G/L account (an account that uses an account type other than
Cash) for this payment receipt, you must select the Journal button.
After entering the above information, the Net Amount Due field displays what the
customer currently owes for the sale.

15. At the bottom left corner of the window, the selected customer's balance, credit
limit, and credit status is displayed. You can click the arrow button to the right of
the customer balance to display the current Customer Ledgers report for this
customer.
16. Select the Print button if you want to print and save the invoice. Otherwise, click
the Save button.
5.3.2. Receipts
When customers’ pays for goods and services sold to them, we have to record the receipt. Most
receipts are applied to sales invoices. However, we can also enter cash sales (transactions in
which no invoice is entered or required), prepayments, and customer refunds. This allows us to
enter all checks, cash, and credit card slips we receive and deposit them in checking account. The
process of entering a receipt is different depending on whether the receipt is against an invoice or
a cash sale. If the sale is to a customer who is not in company’s database, we can enter the
customer's name without keeping a record on that customer. There are two ways you can account
for receipts in Peachtree:
 If you sent an invoice to a customer, you apply the receipt to the invoice.
Invoices entered in the Sales/Invoicing window appear as distribution lines
when you enter the customer ID. You can check the Pay column beside
each invoice being paid in full by this receipt.
 If you made a direct sale that didn't require an invoice, you use Receipts
and enter it on the Apply to Revenues tab. This requires you to specify a
check number and sales account.
5.3.2.1. Apply a Customer Payment to an Invoice
When a customer pays an invoice, enter the amount in the Receipts window. To enter customer
payment on an invoice, use the following steps:
1. From the Tasks menu, select Receipts. Peachtree displays the following Receipts
window.
2. Enter a deposit ticket ID that can easily represent the type and source of payment.
This will make account reconciliation easier to manage.
Peachtree automatically enters the deposit ticket ID as a numeric
representation of the current date. All receipts that use the same deposit
ticket ID will appear as one lump sum in Account Reconciliation. If you
want this transaction to be reconciled as a separate item, enter a unique
deposit ticket ID.

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 3. Enter or select the customer ID. To display a list of existing customers, type? In
this field, or select the Lookup button.
If there are unpaid invoices for this customer, Peachtree lists them on the
Apply to Invoices tab. If there are no unpaid invoices, Peachtree displays
the Apply to Revenue tab.

4. Enter a reference number that will help identify the receipt (for example, the
customer's check number).
5. If you are recording deposit tickets within the Receipts window, enter or
accept the suggested Deposit Ticket ID. Otherwise, leave this field blank. You can
record deposit ticket IDs in the Select for Deposit window.
6. Select a payment method (for example, Cash or Check). Payment methods are
set up in Customer Defaults; these are quite useful in reports when managing
receipts.
7. In the Cash Account list, enter or select the bank account in which the receipt is
deposited.
8. On the Apply to Invoices tab, select the Pay check box next to each invoice that
the customer is paying.
o If the customer has paid the invoice in full, place the cursor in the
Amount column for the invoice, and select the Pay check box.
Peachtree will fill in the Amount Paid field.
o If the customer has only paid a partial amount on the invoice, enter
that amount. Peachtree will automatically select the Pay check box.

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 Note: If your customer overpays the amount, a credit is made to the
customer's ledger; for underpayments, the payment amount is applied to
the invoice balance. You will need a reference number in order to post or
save the record.
9. Select the Print button if you want to print and save the receipt. Otherwise,
click the Save button.
5.3.2.2. Enter a Cash Sale
When a customer pays for an item and there is no invoice, enter a cash sale. Follow these steps to
enter a cash sale:
1. From the Tasks menu, select Receipts. Peachtree displays the Receipts
window (see the above figure).
2. Enter a reference number for this transaction. This must be a unique
number and is generally the customer's check number. Avoid entering
"CASH" as the reference for more than one transaction.
3. In the Cash Account list, enter or select the bank account in which the receipt is
deposited.
4. If you are recording deposit tickets within the Receipts window, enter or
accept the suggested Deposit Ticket ID. Otherwise, leave this field
blank. You can record deposit ticket IDs in the Select for Deposit window.
5. Select the Apply to Revenues tab. Then, enter the line items on the receipt
the same way as you do in Sales/Invoicing.
6. Select the Print button if you want to print and save the receipt. Otherwise, click
the Save button.
5.3.3. Deleting, Editing, or Voiding an Invoice
If you would like to edit or delete an invoice for a customer and you have already entered a
receipt, you may need to first delete the receipt before you can edit or delete the invoice. You
need to delete the receipt if you want to change the invoice number or the customer on an invoice
or if you want to delete the invoice. Follow these steps:
1. From the Tasks menu, select Receipts. Then, select the List button so you
can delete the receipt you entered for the invoice.
2. From the list, select the receipt and then OK.
3. Once the receipt is displayed, select the Delete toolbar button to remove it.
4. From the Tasks menu, select Sales/Invoicing. Then, select the List button
so you can edit the original invoice.
5. From the list, select the invoice you want to edit, and click OK.
Once Peachtree displays the original invoice, make any necessary changes. If this invoice is for
items ordered on a sales order, you cannot change the customer ID. If you want to remove the
transaction, select the Delete toolbar button. If you were editing the invoice, select the Save
button. You will have to enter the receipt for the payment again.
Void an Existing Sales Invoice
1. From the Tasks menu, select Sales/Invoicing.

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 2. To find and select the invoice you want to void, click the List button, and select
the desired invoice.
3. Now, click the Delete toolbar button; and from the drop-down
menu, select Void. The Void Existing Invoice window appears.
4. At The following invoice will be voided as of, Peachtree offers the system date as
default void date. Accept the default, or enter a new date.
5. Click OK.
Peachtree automatically does the following:
 voids the invoice and issues a zero-dollar receipt to cover both the original and
voided entries
 makes an entry for this transaction in the Cash Receipts Journal
Note: When you view the voided invoice in the Sales/Invoicing window, you'll notice that it has
the same number as your original invoice but with a "V" appended to it. Also, a large "Void"
notice appears in red letters.
All totals and subtotals for the invoice appear as negative values:
 If the original invoice covers an existing sales order, negative values
appear for the quantities shipped.
 If the original invoice did not originate with a sales order, negative values
appear for the quantities sold.
5.4. Purchases and Accounts Payable (Venders Transactions)
Peachtree organizes and monitors accounts payable, the orders we make and the money we pay
to suppliers. When we enter and post inventory items, three things happen:
 The amount of the item in stock is updated.
 The inventory value is updated.
 For stock items, the inventory account is debited to offset the credit to Accounts
Payable.
Overview of Vendor Tasks
 Purchase Orders: Enter purchase orders one at a time, or let Peachtree
generate a series of POs based on inventory-stocking needs.
 Purchases/Receive Inventory: Receive items into inventory as they arrive
from the vendor, or just create a purchase invoice.
 Payments: Use Write Checks to create individual payments on the fly; use
Payments to pay a single vendor when we need to track inventory or jobs;
use Select for Payment, Paper Checks to pay more than one vendor at a
time.
 Electronic Payments: If we’re signed up for the Peachtree Bill Pay
service. Use Select for Payment, Electronic Payments to choose vendors
and invoices to pay; then use Transmit Electronic Payments to send the
transactions to be processed.
 Vendor Credit Memos: Enter information for returns to and credits from
vendors.
5.4.1. Purchases/Receive Inventory
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This window allows either to enter vendor purchase invoices or receiving inventory from
purchase orders:
 Apply to Purchase Order tab: When we select a vendor who has open
purchase orders, Peachtree displays this tab, allowing us to select which
purchase order to receive items against (not discussed in this course).
 Apply to Purchases tab: If we select a vendor with no open purchase
orders, by default Peachtree displays this tab, where we enter a purchase
that did not originate on a purchase order. In addition, if items were
included on the purchase invoices that are not included on the purchase
order, we can add them here.
We can enter the purchase of an item on account and that did not originate from a purchase order
using the following procedure:
1. From the Tasks menu, do one of the following:
 Select Purchases/Receive Inventory or
 Select Bills and then Enter Bills. The following window will appear:

2. Enter or select the vendor ID. To display a list of existing vendors, type ? in this
field, or select the Lookup button. To add a new vendor, type + or double-click
the field, which displays the Maintain Vendors window. When the vendor is
selected, Peachtree supplies the vendor default information, including name, remit
address, shipping method, and payment terms.
3. Enter the vendor's invoice number in the Invoice # field. This is a required field.
If you have not yet received a vendor invoice (bill) for this shipment, select the

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 Waiting on Bill from Vendor check box. Once your vendor sends you the bill, edit
this invoice; clear the Waiting on Bill from Vendor check box; and enter the
invoice number. Then, when you post the invoice with the invoice number, you
will be able to select the invoice for payment.
Note: If you have received inventory from a vendor by entering a purchase
using the Waiting on Bill from Vendor option, Peachtree will warn you
when you select this vendor so you don't enter the invoice for this vendor's
order twice by mistake.
4. Enter the date of the transaction if it is different from the displayed date.
5. Change the shipping address if necessary and the method of shipment.
Click the Ship To drop-down arrow to display ship-to information. To
change the shipment method, select the method from the Ship Via drop-
down list.
6. Enter discount, terms, and A/P account. The Displayed Terms field
automatically fills in with the default terms. If the vendor used special
terms, enter the new term information here.
7. Enter the information for each item on a separate line, including the item's
quantity, item ID, U/M (displays if multi-packs enabled in Inventory Item
Defaults), description, unit price. The default unit price is the last posted
price for this item.
8. At the bottom left corner of the window, the selected vendor's balance is
displayed. You can click the arrow button to the right of the vendor
balance to display the current Vendor Ledgers report for this vendor.
Continue entering items until you have completed the purchase invoice.
9. If you have paid a partial or full payment at the same time you received
this invoice, enter the amount in the Amount Paid at Purchase field. The
Reference field and Cash Account field will appear allowing you to enter
payment information. The Net Amount Due displays what you currently owe for
the purchase.
10. When finished, select the Save button to record the purchase.
5.4.2. Payments (Cash Purchase or cash payment)
This allows us to write checks for vendor invoices, for payments that don't have a vendor
invoice, and for prepayments or discounts. The fields of the distribution box differ depending on
whether we are applying the payment to invoices or new purchase. If a vendor has open invoices,
the Apply to Invoices tab will be in front. However, if we are entering a payment to a one-time
vendor not in the system, the Apply to Expenses tab is default. There are two basic methods of
paying vendors:
 Apply vendor invoices: pay invoices that were previously entered in the Purchases
window.
 Apply to New Purchase (cash purchase): pay a vendor without using a
vendor invoice. See Enter a Cash Purchase for further information.
Use the following procedure to apply payments to vendor invoices:

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 1. From the Tasks menu, do one of the following:
 Select Payments or
 Select Bills and then Pay Bills. The following window will appear:
2. Enter or select the vendor ID that you want to pay. To display a list of existing
vendors, type? in this field, or select the Lookup button. If there are unpaid invoices
for this vendor, Peachtree lists them on the Apply to Invoices tab. If there are no
unpaid invoices, Peachtree displays the Apply to Expenses tab.
3. Enter check # and cash account
 If you are entering a handwritten check, enter the check number in the
Check Number field. If you want Peachtree to print the check, leave this
field blank.
 Enter or select the cash account from which you will be writing the check.
4. Select invoices to pay: Once you've entered vendor and check information, on the
Apply to
Invoices tab, select the Pay check box next each the invoice that you want to pay.
 If you want to pay an invoice in full, place the cursor in the
Amount column for the invoice, and select the Pay check box.
Peachtree will fill in the Amount Paid field.
 If you want pay a partial amount on the invoice, enter that amount.
Peachtree will automatically select the Pay check box.
5. If you want to print the check, select the Print button; for step-by-step
instructions on printing from the Payments window. Otherwise, select the Save
button to record the payment.
The program debits Accounts Payable for the total amount and credits the cash account for the
net check amount and also credits the discount-taken account (if applicable).
Enter a Cash Purchase and Print Checks

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A cash purchase can either be a check that you write to a vendor or other payee that you have
not entered a purchase for, or it can be a purchase for which you have actually paid cash. A
cash purchase needs to be applied to expenses.

1. From the Tasks menu, do one of the following:

 Select Payments.
 Select Bills and then Pay Bills.
2. Enter or select the vendor ID that you want to pay. To display a list of
existing vendors, type ? in this field, or select the Lookup button. Or, press
ENTER to skip the Vendor ID field, and type in the name in the Pay to the
Order of field.

3. If you want to print a check, leave the Check # field blank. If you paid cash
for the purchase, enter CASH01, CASH02, and so on.
4. If you chose a vendor with existing invoices, select the Apply to Expenses tab.
5. Enter the line items on the payment the same way as you do in
Purchases/Receive Inventory.
If the line item contains serialized inventory, you will need to either add or select serial numbers
for the item(s). Select the line item with the serialized inventory item, then select the Serial No
button to enter or select serial numbers. Either the Serial Number Entry or the Serial Number
Selection window appears, depending upon whether you entered a positive or negative quantity.
To find out which window will appear. Enter or select the serial numbers you need and select OK
when you're finished to return to the Payments window. However, if the transaction has more

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than one line item that contains serialized inventory, you can select the OK/Next button to save
the current entry and move to the next serialized item.
6. If you need to enter retainage that you are withholding from this vendor,
select the Apply to Expenses tab and enter a new line item, specifying
Retainage as the description, selecting an appropriate Payable Retainage
account, and entering the amount of retainage in the Amount field as a
negative number. This will ensure that the amount is subtracted from the
total and that the retained amount is tracked properly.
7. If you want to print the check, select the Print button. Otherwise, select the
Save button to record the payment.
5.5. Entering Customer Credit Memos (Sales Return and Allowance)
On occasion, you will have to grant a customer credit—an item arrived damaged, they received a
discount that was not applied, or they returned items to you. For this type of transaction, you will
enter a credit memo. You can apply this credit to an existing unpaid invoice immediately, or you
can save it and apply it later. All entries made on this window are posted to General Ledger,
customer records, and possibly inventory and job records.
To enter a credit memo and apply it immediately to an invoice, follow these steps:
1. From the Tasks menu, select Credit Memos. The following window will appear:
2. Enter or select the customer ID.
3. In the Credit # field, enter the ID that you want to apply to the credit memo.
Note: You may want to connect the application amount to the credit memo. For
example, if this credit memo is based on an existing invoice no. 106, you may
want to type 106-C to indicate that the credit memo is applied to the invoice.
4. If the transaction date is different from the one displayed, enter or select a new
date.

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 5. Do one of the following:
 If the credit memo is to be applied to an existing invoice for the
customer, on the Apply to Invoice # tab, use the drop-down list to select
the appropriate invoice. When line-item information for the invoice
appears, find the item or items to be returned, and in the Returned
column enter the quantity. Peachtree will automatically restore this
quantity to inventory.
 If the credit memo is to be applied to a sale for which there is no
existing invoice, on the Apply to Sales tab, enter line-item information
for the item or items to be returned or credited, including quantity.
Peachtree will automatically restore this quantity to inventory.
6. If you want to print the credit memo, it is recommended printing it at this
time and not from the Select a Report or Form window. To print the credit
memo, select the Print button.
7. When finished, select Save.
Note that, in some cases (for example, when payment is not received at the time
the invoice is entered or when the sale is not invoiced), you will need to issue a
refund check to your customer. Thus, cash or check refund required and the tasks
described as follow:

To print a refund check, do the following:

1. From the Tasks menu, select Payments.
2. Select Customer for the type of ID you want.

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 3. Enter or select the customer ID that you want to pay.
4. Go to the line-item grid, and in the Description field, enter a reason or
reference for the refund.
5. In the Amount field, enter the amount of the refund.
6. Select the Print button.
7. From the dialog box, select the check disbursement form that you want to use.
9. Select the Print button.
Apply a Customer Refund to a Credit Memo
When you issue a customer refund, you must apply that refund to the original credit
memo in order to clear both transactions from the ledger. Do the following:
1. From the Tasks menu select Receipts.
2. Enter or select the customer ID.
3. Both the credit memo and refund check appear in the line-item list of the
Apply to Invoices tab.
4. Select the Pay check box for both transactions.
5. Enter a receipt reference number, and select Save. This will clear both the
credit memo and refund check from the Customer Ledger.
5.6. Entering Vendor Credit Memos (Sales Return and Allowances)
Use the Vendor Credit Memos window to enter credit memos for returns to and credits from a
vendor; you can apply credit memos to any existing vendor invoices that have not been paid. All
entries made on this window are posted to General Ledger, vendor records, and when applicable,
inventory and job records. You have the choice of applying memos to jobs through the
distribution list box. When you enter an item ID, the quantity on hand is reduced by the quantity
entered. A vendor may issue you credit:
 If the credit is issued on a purchase without an invoice, you enter it on the
Apply to Purchases tab of the Vendor Credit Memos window.
 If the credit is issued on an existing invoice, you enter the credit on the
Apply to Invoice tab of the Vendor Credit Memos window.
Entering a Vendor Credit on an Existing Invoice
1. From the Tasks menu, select Vendor Credit Memos. The following window will
appear:
2. Enter or select the ID of the vendor who is issuing the credit.
3. In the Credit # field, enter the ID that you want to apply to the credit
memo. Note: You may want to connect the application amount to the
credit memo. For example, if the existing invoice number is 106, you may
want to type 106-C to indicate that the credit memo is applied to the
invoice.
4. If the transaction date is different from the one displayed, enter or select a new
date.
5. Select the Apply to Invoice tab.

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 6. Use the drop-down list that appears at the top of the tab to select the
original invoice to apply the credit memo to. The grid displays all line
items that appear on the original invoice.
7. In the Return column, enter the quantity of any item that you want to credit
or return. The quantity that you enter here will appear on the completed
credit memo; Peachtree will automatically remove this quantity from your
inventory item records.

When finished entering transaction information, select the Save button.

Entering a Vendor Credit on a Purchase without Invoice

1. From the Tasks menu, select Vendor Credit Memos. Peachtree displays the
Vendor Credit Memos window.
2. Enter or select the ID of the vendor who is issuing the credit.
3. In the Credit # field, enter the ID that you want to apply to the credit memo.
4. If the transaction date is different from the one displayed, enter or select a new
date.
5. In the Quantity column, enter the quantity of an item that you want to
credit or return. The quantity that you enter here will appear on the
completed credit memo; Peachtree will automatically remove this quantity
from your inventory item records.
6. Next, enter all information for the returned or credited item, including the
item's quantity, item ID, description, unit price, and job information (if
applicable). The default unit price is the last posted price for this item.

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 7. When finished entering transaction information, select the Save button.

5.7. Payroll Transactions

Once you’ve set up your payroll defaults and records, all you need to do is select an employee
using payroll tasks, and Peachtree automatically computes the paycheck. In Peachtree, you can
print individual paychecks (Payroll Entry), or print a batch of paychecks (Select for Payroll
Entry). Thus, there are two ways to print payroll checks: individually and in a batch.

5.7.1. To pay a single employee and print a check

The followings are steps involved in this first option.
1. Select Tasks, then Payroll Entry. The following window will appear:

2. Select the employee you want to pay using the lookup. Once you select
an employee, Peachtree will enter that employee's address information,
as well as enter their default pay (based on settings on the Pay Info tab
of Maintain Employees). Deductions will be calculated and displayed
immediately.
3. Enter or select the paycheck date for this payroll period.
4. Select a cash account from which to write the paycheck (for example, Payroll
Checking).
5. Enter the Pay Period ending date.
6. Modify earnings information
 If necessary, change the employee's hour or salary amounts for the
pay period. This would include adding overtime hours or bonus pay.
 The default G/L payroll accounts that Peachtree uses for each
payroll field are based on the employee's defaults. To change the
account ID, click in the field to display the lookup; then click the

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 lookup and select another account.
 If necessary, enter or change payroll field amounts. This would
include entering vacation or sick hours taken by the employee
during the pay period.
7. When you're finished filling out the check information, select the Print
button to print the check. Otherwise, click Save.

5.7.2. To pay a group of employees and print checks

The followings are steps involved in processing payroll for a group of employees at a time.
1. From the Tasks menu, choose Select for Payroll Entry. Peachtree displays the
following Select Employees--Filter Section window.

2. Select the pay frequencies, pay types, and the range of employees for whom you
want to print checks.
3. Click OK. Peachtree displays the following Select Employees to Pay window,
where you can edit individual paychecks for hours, amounts, and pay frequencies
(number of weeks).

You can enter the date you want on the checks, the pay period ending date, and the
enhancement number from which you want the checks to be paid.
To select all Pay check boxes, click the All (Select) button.

 To clear all Pay check boxes, click the All (None) button.
 Select the Detail button to edit the account and the amount for
salaried employees, as well as the amount and the hours worked for
hourly employees.
4. After making your selections, select the Print button. Otherwise, click Save.
Example (continued): Customers, Vendors, and Payroll Transactions
ABC Inc. has made the following transactions with its customers and vendors for

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 the month of January 2021. In addition, the company has processed payroll to pay
its employees. Thus, enter the following transactions in the Peachtree program of
ABC Inc.
1. On January 1, 2021 ABC Inc. sold five Televisions to Cannon Trading
with a credit terms of 2/10, n/30. The unit price of the Television was Birr
3,500 and they were subject to Value Added Tax (VAT). In addition, the
sales man sent Invoice Number 3338.
2. On January 2, 2021 ABC Inc. sold two Laptops to Chaplet Enterp at a
price of Birr 12,500 and they are subject to Turn Over Tax (TOT) without
a credit terms (no sales discount). Chaplet Enterp made partial payment
of Birr 6,000 at the time of the sale. ABC’s sales man issued Invoice
Number 3339 with Reference Number of 2/1/2021.
3. On January 3, 2021, ABC Inc. made purchase of three Laptops at a unit
price of Birr 11,000 with credit terms of 2% 10, Net 30 Days from Dahlia
Suppliers and received Invoice Number 2136. In addition, ABC Inc.
accountant maintained this new vendor using the following data:
Vendor ID: DAHL, Name: Dahlia Suppliers, Contact: Abdul, Vendor
Type: Vendor, and Telephone 1: +2519110456
4. On January 4, 2021, ABC Inc. received cash in full payment of Invoice
Number 3334 from Archer Limited. During the receipt, ABC Inc. issued
Receipt Document with Reference: 4/1/2021 and Receipt Number: 001.
5. On January 5, 2021 ABC Inc. paid the full amount owed to Nae Company
of the Invoice Number 2126.
6. On January 6, 2021, ABC Inc. sold twenty Digital Cameras to Kurtu
PLC at a price of 1,250 each and received the total amount in cash
including the VAT. While the sale person issued Receipt Document with
Reference: 6/1/2021 and Receipt Number: 002
7. On January 7, 2021, ABC Inc made purchases of five AC, ten Digital
Camera and eleven Televisions at a unit price of Birr 12,250, 1,050, and
2,600, respectively; with credit terms of 2/10, n/30 from Turu Exporter
and received Invoice Number 2199.
8. On January 8, 2021, ABC Inc. made purchase of two Desktop Computers
at a unit price of Birr 4,900 from Gashy PLC. in cash.
9. On January 9, 2021, ABC Inc. received cash in full amount of Invoice
Number 3335 and 3338 from Cannon Trading and issued Receipt
Document with Reference: 9/1/2021 and Receipt Number: 003
10. On January 10, 2021, ABC Inc. paid cash in full the amount owed to Brtu
Enterp of the Invoice Number 2123.
11. On January 11, 2021, ABC Inc. made purchase of two Laptops at a unit
price of Birr 11,000 with credit terms of 2/10, n/30 from Brtu Enterp and
received Invoice Number 2277.
12. On January 12, 2021, ABC Inc. received cash from Chaplet Enterp
for the Invoice Number 3336 and 3339 and issued Receipt Document with

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 Reference: 12/1/2021 and Receipt Number: 004. Whereas, the amount
owned to Invoice Number 3339 is received only Birr 6,500.
13. On January 13, 2021, ABC Inc. sold three AC to Ayat Real-estate at a
price of Birr 15,000 each and received the total amount in cash including
the Turn Over Tax (TOT). While the sale person issued Receipt
Document with Reference: 13/1/2021 and Receipt Number: 005
14. On January 14, 2021, ABC Inc. paid the full amount owed to Turu
Exporter of the Invoice Number 2199 and 2127.
15. On January 15, 2021, ABC Inc. paid salary for its five employees for the
pay month ended January 9, 2021.
5.8. General Journal Entry
Journal Entry is an event that has a dollar impact on the company's accounting records. Journal
entries show the effects of business transactions as expressed in terms of debits and credits. Each
journal entry will usually have a transaction date, amount, account number, reference and
description.
The General Journal is unique—it’s the only journal in which we provide all the accounting
distributions. In all the other journals, Peachtree automatically distributes certain amounts based
on defaults we establish. But here, in the General Journal, we have to enter both debits and
credits balance of the transaction.
Thus, in the General Journal, we can enter transactions that don’t fit into other journals—for
example, depreciation or transferring funds from one account to another. Just remember that
here, we are responsible for balancing this journal entry—making sure debits equal credits. We
can check the progress in the Out of Balance field. It reads ‘’0.00’’ when the transaction has
been entered properly.
We have to use the General Journal to enter those types of transactions that are not readily
categorized in the Tasks menu. Typical General Journal entries include chart of account
beginning balances, depreciation, withdrawal, and account transfers.
5.8.1. Recording General Journal entries
Unlike other screens in Peachtree, we provide all the accounting distributions in the General
Journal. While, Peachtree automatically post the General Journal to the General Ledger when we
select the Save button, if we’re using the real-time posting method.

1. From the Tasks menu, select General Journal Entry. Peachtree

displays the General Journal Entry window.

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 2. Enter or select the date of the transactions. Peachtree defaults this date to
the Peachtree system date. If we are in an accounting period that is
different from the system date, then Peachtree displays the first day of that
period.
3. Enter a reference for the transaction up to 20 characters. If we enter a
number reference, Peachtree will increase future General Journal entries
by one while this window is open.
4. For each line enter or select an account ID.
5. For each line enter an amount in either the Debit or Credit columns. When
we enter transactions in Peachtree, journal entries are automatically
created based on generally accepted accounting principles. Peachtree is a true
accounting system that creates both debits and credits. Much of the accounting is
behind the scenes, leaving us to concentrate on the transaction information itself.
The journal entries Peachtree creates are based on various defaults we have set up
for the company. However, we can examine or edit these journal entries through
Accounting Behind the Screens.
6. For each line enter a description for the transaction. The description will
appear in General Ledger and various reports.
7. Once the Out of Balance field is zero (0.00): the total debit amount must
equal the total credit amount, select ‘’Save’’ to record the transaction in
the General Journal.
Peachtree has two methods for handling General Journal entries that we make on a consistent
basis. Memorized transactions are like a template that we can quickly flesh out for specific
transactions. They are not posted to the general ledger. Recurring transactions are complete
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transactions we set up to happen on a set timetable: monthly, quarterly, yearly, etc. An example
would be if we have a contract with someone to provide a monthly service.
5.8.2. Edit a Journal Entry Using Accounting Behind the Screens
There are several ways to edit transactions. One method is to examine and modify journal entries
using Accounting Behind the Screens.
1. Open the task window, and enter a new transaction or select an existing
transaction using the List button.

2. With the transaction displayed in the task window, select the Journal
button. This opens the Accounting Behind the Screens window and
displays the transaction's corresponding journal entries.

3. If Peachtree displays more than one journal tab, select the journal we want
to examine or edit. Depending on what type of task is open, the
Accounting Behind the Screens window displays the journal tab(s) that
correspond to the particular transaction.

4. To modify a journal entry distribution, select the line item and Account ID
field we want to edit. Then, enter or select an alternate account ID. When we
have finished editing the journal entry, select OK to return to the task window.

5. If we modified any journal entries, select Save

Example (Continued): General Journal Entry
ABC Inc. has made the following transaction for the month of March, 2021:
1. On March 2, 2021 ABC Inc. bought a building for Birr 45,000, Reference # 2000.
2. On March 3, 2021 ABC Inc calculated depreciation expense for
Furniture, Equipment, Vehicle, and Building Birr 1,000, 500, 1,000 and
1,000 respectively, Reference # 2001.
3. On March 31, 2021 ABC Inc remitted the entire sales tax to the
government, Reference # 2002.
4. On March 31, 2021 ABC Inc paid Birr 5,000 of dividend to the common
stock holders, Reference # 2003.
5. The inventory of supplies on March 31 is determined that Birr 48,000 is on
hand, Reference # 2004.
5.9. Inventory Adjustments
Occasionally, we may need to record adjustments to on-hand quantities of inventory items. Thus,
we can use the Inventory Adjustments task to make changes to on-hand quantities of inventory
items, and also track those changes. The adjustment could be due to loss or theft, adjustments
after items are counted, or for costing items to jobs. There are two types of inventory
adjustments: increases in quantity and decreases in quantity.

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  For An Adjustment Up: we will enter a positive quantity and can also
enter a unit cost. This will increase the quantity on hand and total
inventory value much as a purchase would. If we previously miscounted
the inventory and now have more units on hand than we thought the
Company had, we could adjust up.

 For An Adjustment Down: we will enter a negative quantity, but we

can't enter a unit cost. Peachtree will figure out the cost value that these
units are being removed at, much like a sale. An inventory adjustment
down will decrease the quantity on hand as well as the total value. If
something was stolen or broken or if inventory was previously miscounted,
we could adjust down.

To Record an Inventory Adjustment

1. From the Tasks menu, select Inventory Adjustments. Peachtree
displays the Inventory Adjustment window.

2. Enter or select the item ID that we want to adjust

3. Enter reference in the Reference field up to 20 alphanumeric characters.
4. Enter or select the date the change in inventory occurred or the date of the
physical inventory count.
5. Enter or select a G/L Source account to take this adjustment out of, and
enter a unit cost for the inventory item (for positive adjustments only).
The default G/L source account is the Cost of Goods Sold Account. The
other account affected by adjustments is the inventory account. The Unit
Cost default is the current cost of the item and must be positive.
G/L Source Account: This identifies the G/L cost of sales account that
will be adjusted as a result of this entry. If we decrease the item quantity,
the G/L source account is debited, and the item's inventory account will be
credited. If we increase the item quantity, the G/L source account is
credited, and the item's inventory account will be debited.

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 6. Enter the amount to adjust the quantity by.
The Quantity on Hand is already filled in, and Peachtree calculates the New
Quantity
after entering the adjustment.
8. If we know the reason for the adjustment, enter it. For example, Found in
warehouse or
Theft.
9. Save the adjustment. The Cost of Goods Sold, Inventory Total Value, and
Inventory G/L accounts are all updated.
Delete an Inventory Item
We cannot delete an inventory item if it is used in a transaction nor has an
established beginning balance. If this is the case, the only way is, we can remove
the item is to display it on the General tab, select the inactive check box, and use
the purging function from the Tasks, System option.

1. From the Maintain menu, select Inventory Items. Peachtree

displays the Maintain Inventory Items window.
2. Enter or select the ID of the item that we want to delete.
3. Select the Delete toolbar button. The system displays a warning message,
asking if we're sure to remove this record.
4. Select Yes.
Enter an Inventory Return
If an item is returned at a cost that is different from the current cost of the item,
then Peachtree will create a purchase return adjustment for it. For example, the
average cost of Television is 2,500. A Television is returned for Birr 2,250.
Peachtree makes an adjustment for the difference of Birr 250 between the average
cost and the return cost.
To enter a return, we have to: Enter inventory adjustments
Example (Continued): Inventory Adjustment
1. On March 31, 2021, the Stock Custodian reported that one television
has got Damage due to Handling. Consequently, ABC’s accountant
has made inventory adjustment on this day with reference number
2000.

5.10. Summary
There are two types of journals: special journal and general journal. Special journal is used to
record transactions that are repetitive and similar in nature. On the other hand, general journal is
used to record non repetitive and dissimilar types of transaction. Thus based on this calcification,
Peachtree is use these journals. Purchase Special Journal in Peachtree is Purchase/receive
inventory; Payment/disbursement Special Journal in Peachtree is Payment; Sales Special Journal
in Peachtree is Sales/invoicing; Receipt Special Journal in Peachtree is Receipt. Payroll entry is

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also special journal in Peachtree.
5.11. Chapter End Questions
1. To enter the employees’ salary amount which tab of Maintain Employees
& Sales Reps window used?
a) general
b) pay info
c) employee field
d) company field
2. The Payments window is also known as the:
a) Cash Disbursements Journal
b) Cash Receipts Journal
c) Purchases Journal
d) Sales Journal
3. Which of the following option from the Tasks menu would you used to
record collection on an invoice?
a) Sales/Invoicing
b) Receipts
c) Purchases/Receive Inventory
d) Invoicing
4. Which Peachtree function is used to maintain an employee record?
a) Default Information
b) Employees/Sales Reps
c) Payroll Setup Wizard
d) Payroll Entry
5. All of these payroll deductions are subtracted from an employee's gross pay
EXCEPT:
a) Company Pension Contribution
b) Income tax
c) Employee Pension Contribution
d) All of the above
6. Which one option will be used from the Menu bar to create and update
customer accounts, vendor accounts, inventory items, and the chart of
accounts.
a) Maintain
b) Edit
c) File
d) Tasks
Hint Answers for choose questions:

1: b, 2: a, 3: b, 4: b, 5: a, 6: a

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 Chapter Six: Other Tasks
Learning Objective
After completing this chapter, students will be able to:
 Use the report and forms menu of Peachtree
 Implement security for the company’s Peachtree software
 Take backup
 Close the business accounting year
6.1. Introduction
This chapter includes topics that are not easily categorized within any one specific area in
Peachtree. Some topics are necessary to use Peachtree properly, while others can greatly improve
your efficiency when performing daily tasks. However, still there are plenty of other options
available in Peachtree software that have not been covered in this module. Thus, to enhance your
knowledge about Peachtree you are advised to practice and explore the software.
Several other tasks are essential to operating Peachtree efficiently, such as the Maintain Global
Options feature, which lets you set a number of defaults that affect the operation of all your
Peachtree companies. These defaults include what appears on Peachtree windows and reports,
how transactions are sorted, whether cash balances are recalculated automatically, and even the
basic color scheme for Peachtree windows. In addition, Peachtree has some higher-level tasks
that can help you use it to best effect. These tasks include the following:
 Reports and Forms: this allows to generate different types of reports like
financial statements and other forms that will be sent to vendors or
suppliers.
 User Security: This allows you to limit access to sensitive areas of the
Peachtree program.
 Backing up and restoring company data: Making backups is essential
when using accounting software and Peachtree has an easy to use system.
You can make backups to a disk or your hard drive. Peachtree has a wizard
that you can use for restoring backups made through Peachtree’s backup
routine.
 Closing out your fiscal and/or payroll tax years: At some point in your
fiscal year, you will need to close previous years so that you can get ready
for the upcoming fiscal year. This routine walks you through the closing
process.

6.2. Reports & Forms

Peachtree can generate different types of reports and forms whenever we want to have the
specified report or forms. In addition, we can customize the format of reports and can have
grouping of different reports in one group. The Select a Report or Form window lists all the
reports and forms currently set up in Peachtree. Reports include financial statements, aging
reports, and so on. Forms are usually tied to a transaction, such as an invoice or check. Letters
are also listed on the Forms tab. The options you see are a little different depending on whether

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you're on the Reports or Forms tab.

6.2.1. Report Tab

On the left of the Select a Report or Form window is the report area (Accounts Receivable,
Accounts Payable, Financial Statements, and so on), where you select what type of reports you
want to see. When you select a report area, Peachtree displays a list of reports and forms
associated with that area on the right. Each report has a brief description next to it.

Lists items available on both tabs are Accounts Receivable, Accounts Payable, Payroll , General
Ledger, Financial Statements, Inventory, Jobs, Time/Expense, Account Reconciliation,
Company, Write Letters, Crystal Reports, Report Groups and many more are available.
Form Tab
Select the type of form that you want to use from the forms type list. Peachtree
displays a list of forms or letters of the selected type in the forms list. Once a form
or letter is selected in the list, Peachtree displays its description and a sample
image on the right side of the tab.
When a form is selected in the forms list, buttons appear below the sample image
that allow you to print, preview, and customize the selected form. A link
displays beneath the description which allows you to order Peachtree Checks
and Forms.
6.2.3. Financial statements
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A financial statements give a picture of how your business is doing. In one sense, the whole
point of an accounting system is to produce accurate financial statements. The financial
statement option is found under report tab. List of financial statements are the following: Balance
Sheet, Balance Sheet/Budgets, Cash Flow, GL Account Summary Report, Income/Budget,
Income Statement, Income Statement - 12 Period, Income Statement 2 Yrs, Statement of
Changes, Statement of Retained Earnings and many more statements are available. To display a
Financial Statement on the Screen
1. From the Reports & Forms menu, select Financial Statements.
Peachtree displays the Select a Report or Form window with the
Financial Statements report area selected.
2. From the report list, scroll down to select a financial statement you want
to appear on the screen.
3. There are two methods to displaying a financial statement on the screen:

o Double-click the specific financial statement in the report list. The

report Options window displays. Accept the default options by
clicking OK.

o Select the specific report or financial statement. Then, select the

Display button in the top of the Select a Report or Form window.
4. To print a financial statement displayed on the screen, select the Print button.
5. To design a financial statement displayed on the screen, select the Design button.
6. To display alternate financial statement filter information, select the
Options button. If you change the financial statement options, you will be
prompted to save the new report when closing the report window.
7. When finished viewing the financial statement, select Close to return to the
Select a Report or Form window.
When you display or print a financial statement, Peachtree displays the following options:
 Dates: You have the choice of a range of periods, current period, or current
three periods. If you select a range, use the From and To list boxes.
 Budget: (Peachtree Premium Accounting and higher only) Select the
budget to use for many financial statements.
 Account Segments: (Peachtree Premium Accounting and higher only) You
can use the Account Segments fields to limit the totals that appear on your
financial statement to particular departments, divisions, or whatever other
segments you have set up. Each segment of your chart of accounts will
appear and you can select a particular segment by using the drop-down
lists. If you do not want to limit the totals on the report, simply leave the
selections set to All. With this setting, your report will show totals for all
accounts, even those that do not match the account segment structure. This
field can also be used as a sub-filter for a financial statement that is
already filtered. For instance, you may have a statement that filters for a

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 single division yet includes several departments. You can use this field to further
filter for a single department. Should you inadvertently set up filtering that
eliminates all data, Peachtree Premium (and higher) will display a message
warning you of this situation. For more information on Account Segments, click.

 Print Page Numbers: Checking this will print page numbers on the top
right corner of the page. Both the page number and the number of pages
are indicated. For example, if you are looking at page 2 of a 13-page
document, it will display on the report as "Page: 2 of 13."
 Show Zero Amounts: Select this check box to show accounts with zero amounts.
 Print All Words Capitalized: Select this check box if you want the report to
print in all capital letters.
 Right Margin/Left Margin: Enter the size of the margins you want, in inches.
 Center on Page: Select this check box if you want the printed statement to
be centered rather than left justified on the form.
 Number of Copies: Enter the number of copies you want to print. You can
enter any number from 1 to 99.
6.3. User Security
The User Security feature is handled by a number of windows that let you create a company
administrator, who has the right to set up other company users, and then enter and grant rights to
those users.

Your first step is to add users in the User Security window. When you add a user here for the
first time, Peachtree automatically sets that user up as company administrator with access to all
parts of the Peachtree program. As with all users, the administrator assigns himself or herself a
user name and password and then saves the information.
6.3.1. Setting up the first user (administrator)
In order to use user/password security in a Peachtree company, you must first set up a single user
record. After that, all other users will need a user name and password to access the company.
The first user you set up must be an administrative user with full rights to each area of Peachtree
and the ability to set up and maintain user records and passwords. Once the administrator is set
up, he/she can then add other users to the system.
1. Select the New User button.
The User Rights window appears.
2. Enter a user name (for example, Admin) and its corresponding password.
Note: Passwords must be at least seven characters. They must contain both
numbers and letters. It's a good practice to include both upper- and lower-
case letters, although this is not required. An example of a strong
password: MLsmith707.
3. To give the user full access to the program plus the ability to create

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 individual users, select the Administrator option.
4. When finished, select OK.
The User Security window returns. Note that the user name and access level information have
been added to the grid at the center of the window. Note, too, that the Licensed checkbox is
automatically checked. You're now ready to set up additional users.
6.3.2. Setting up a new user and a new role
Once you've set up the administrator of the company, you can enter your first regular user and
user role. Follow these steps:
1. Select the New User button.

The User Roles window appears.

2. Enter a user name and its corresponding password.
3. Because a role has not been set up yet for the user, click the
New Role button. The Role Setup window appears.
4. Enter a role name and its corresponding role description.
5. From the menu bar on the left side of the window, select the area of the
Peachtree program that you want to set access levels for? Customers &
Sales, for example.
 If you want to grant either full or no access to this whole area of the
Peachtree, use the drop-down list at the right-hand top of the
window.
 If you want to grant access to some subareas but not others? for
example, Sales Invoices? you can use the drop-down list opposite
the appropriate area. You can choose from a range of security
access levels. For more information, click .
6. When you're finished setting up the new role, click Save to save the role
and return to the Peachtree User Roles window.
7. Now, to assign the user to the newly set up role, check the appropriate
checkbox in the Roles column.
8. Click Save to save the user and role combination.
9. To set up an additional user and role combinations, repeat steps 3 through 6.
6.4. Backup and Restore
6.4.1. Backing Up Your Data
Backing up your company frequently is an important part of maintaining your Peachtree system.
Peachtree provides a simple backup utility for accomplishing this. Backing up your company
files can save you hours of time. Having frequent backups ensures you against the necessity of
reentering your data. Backups are the only way to ensure the security of the accounting records
you store in Peachtree. Without backups, you run the risk of losing weeks or months of work.
How often you back up and which method you choose depends on how you use Peachtree. If you
enter transactions every two weeks, you can get by with backing up every two weeks.

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However, if you enter transactions daily, you may need to establish a daily backup routine. You
can choose to back up your data using a utility other than Peachtree’s, but you should ensure that
ALL Peachtree data files are backed up. If you use Peachtree’s internal system, all other users
must exit Peachtree before you can do so. To make a backup using Peachtree’s internal utility
➥ Select File, Back Up. This will open the Back Up Company window.

On the next window, specify the name of the backup file and the location of the file. What you
name your file depends on you, but if you work with multiple companies, you should include the
name of the company in the file name. Otherwise, you run the risk of overwriting one company
with data from another company data should you ever restore that backup. Also, it is
recommended that the file name include the date the backup was made so that you can quickly
determine if it is the one you want.

Next, Peachtree will notify you of the amount of data space the backup will take or the number
of disks it will need. Click OK to complete the process. The amount of time it takes to complete
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the backup depends on the size of the backup and the medium to which you are backing it up. If
the company data file is large, we recommend backing up at the end of the day so that other users
will not need to access the company data.
6.4.2. Restoring Your Data
When there is occasion to restore a backup, Peachtree provides a utility for restoring backups
that were made with its internal utility. When you do restore a backup, bear in mind that
Peachtree restores all files, overwriting all existing data. You cannot restore individual files since
the files are all interrelated. We recommend that you back up existing data before overwriting it
with a backup from a previous point in time. To restore a backup
1. Select File, Restore. This will open the Restore Wizard.

2. Click the Browse button and locate your Peachtree backup. These
files are identified with the extension: .ptb. and once you have
selected the file, click Next to continue.
3. On the next window, you can verify that the correct backup has been
selected.
4. On the Restore Wizard - Restore Options window, select the types
of data you want to restore and click Next.
5. Finally, click Finish on the Confirmation window. The length of
time it takes to restore depends on the size of the backup and the
type of medium on which it was stored.

6.5. Year-End Wizard

The Year-End wizard walks you through the process of closing out your first open fiscal year,
payroll tax year, or both. At every point in the process, the wizard makes your options clear and

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tells you the consequences of every action you might take.
Before you launch the wizard, there are a number of tasks you should perform. These include
 Printing out any unprinted items such as invoices and payroll checks

 Clearing the Waiting on Bill from Vendor check box in the

Purchases/Receive Inventory window for any outstanding vendor
purchases. If you start the wizard before performing this task, the wizard
will not be able to proceed. You will have to exit the wizard and clear the
check box before you can complete year-end close.
You may also want to purge inactive records before you start the wizard, though this can be done
at any time, including after year-end close. Purging records is accomplished with the Peachtree
Purge wizard.
Also, while the wizard requires that you back up your company data during the close process,
you can do so before launching the wizard if you prefer. In either case, back up of company data
is highly recommended.
6.5.1. Using the Year-End Wizard
The Year-End wizard comprises a series of windows with instructions and options. The first
window, the Welcome to the Peachtree Year-End Wizard window, tells you the date range of
your two open fiscal and payroll tax years. Once you've finished reading the text in this window,
you can click the Next button to go to the next window in the series. The windows that make up
the wizard are:
Close Options: The Close Options window lets you choose whether to close the
first open fiscal year, the first open payroll tax year, or both.

Print Fiscal Year-End Reports: This window displays a list of the year-end reports
that you should print before completing the year-end process. For each listed
report there is a check box; each check box is preselected. You can click in the
check box of any reports you don't want to print.

Internal Accounting Review (Peachtree Premium Accounting and higher only):

This window gives you the opportunity to run an Internal Accounting Review on
your company before you close the year. If you would like to run the review now,
you can click one button to do so.
Back Up Company Data: It's very important that before you close the year, you
make a backup of company data and customized forms; otherwise, this
information will be lost. The Back Up Company Data window creates a backup
for you.

Archive Company Data: When you archive your company data, you are saving
your data and financial statements so you can have access to that information

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 when you need to refer to it for future use, such as providing your financial
information for a tax audit.
New Open Fiscal Years: Since Peachtree automatically adjusts the start and end
dates of fiscal year accounting periods, it is usually not necessary for you to do
this for your next open fiscal year. However, if you do want to change accounting
period dates for any reason, The New Open Fiscal Years window gives you the
opportunity.

Note: You will see this window only if you are closing a fiscal year or years.

Confirm Close: This window tells you the starting and ending dates of the open
fiscal and payroll tax years you are about to close. It also tells you what your two
open fiscal and payroll tax years will be after closing. Confirm that the
information is right; then click the Next button to proceed.

Begin Close-Year Process: At this point, you are ready to begin the close process.
To do so, click the Begin Close button.

Congratulations! The open fiscal and payroll tax years you selected have been
successfully closed.
6.5.2. Starting the Year-End Wizard
1. From the Tasks menu, select System and then Year-End Wizard. Or,
from the Company Administration Navigation Aid, select the Year-End
Wizard option.
The Welcome to the Peachtree Year-End Wizard window appears.
2. Read the introductory information, and note your company's two open
fiscal and payroll tax years.

3. To proceed with year-end close process, select the Next button.

Peachtree displays the Close Options window.
6.6. Summary
To generate different types of financial statement, we must have to click on the menu bar the
option of Reports and Forms. Then from Reports tab we must have to click financial statements
and select the type of statement that we want.
Strengthening the internal control system is mandatory for all company whether they use manual
system or computer system. In a such way, Peachtree also has this future that can be
implemented by using user authority table and password. The other method used to strength the
internal control is using the backup and restore future.
The last accounting cycle is closing all temporary account and making ready the other permanent
accounts for the upcoming year as a beginning balance. Thus, using Year-End Wizard we can

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close the company’s opened year.

6.7. Chapter End Questions

1. What are the four types of financial statements?
2. What is user name?
3. What is password?
4. From which menu bar can we get the option of Year-End Wizard?
5. Which menu bar is used to setup security?
6. What is the first step this that must have to be made to setup security?

7. The financial statement that shows the accounting equation whether the account form
or report form is
a) balance sheet.
b) income statement.
c) trial balance.
d) Worksheet
8. To generate financial statements on Peachtree which menu bar option is used?
a) Reports and forms
b) Tasks
c) Maintain
d) File
9. To close the business activity which option of the task bar is used?
a) Year-end wizard
b) Restore
c) Backup
d) System setting

Hint Answers for choose questions:

7: a, 8: a, 9: a

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 REFERENCE

Jane E. Kelly, Sage 50 Accounts For Dummies, 3rd Edition, 2015.

Peachtree Quantum Accounting Help Topics.
User’s Guide Peachtree® by Sage 2010.

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