Amplitude modulation and frequency modulation and
demodulation demodulation
clc; clc;
clear; clear;
clf ; clf ;
modulating signal generation modulating signal generation
Am = 2; Am = 2;
fm = 0.3; fm = 0.3;
t=0:0.01:20; t=0:0.01:20;
ym = Am*cos(2*%pi*fm*t); ym = Am*cos(2*%pi*fm*t);
subplot(4, 1, 1); subplot(4, 1, 1);
plot(t, ym); plot(t, ym);
title('Message Signal'); title('Message Signal');
xlabel('time(t)'); xlabel('time(t)');
ylabel('Amplitude'); ylabel('Amplitude');
Carrier Signal generation frequency spectrum of modulating signal
Ac = 4; yms=fft shift(fft(ym));
fc = fm*10; N=length(yms);
yc = Ac*cos(2*%pi*fc*t); n=-(N-1)/2: (N-1)/2 ;
subplot(4, 1, 2); ymf=sqrt(yms.*conj(yms));
plot(t, yc); subplot(4, 1, 2);
title('Carrier Signal'); plot(n, ymf);
xlabel('time(t)'); title(' frequency spectrum of Message
ylabel('Amplitude'); Signal');
amplitude Modulated Signal : xlabel(' frequency ');
yam = [AC + AM * cos(2*%pi*fm*t) ylabel(' Amplitude ');
*cos(2*%pi*fc*t) ] ; Carrier Signal generation
subplot(4, 1, 3); Ac = 4;
plot(t,yam); fc = fm*10;
title('Modulated Signal'); yc = Ac*cos(2*%pi*fc*t);
xlabel('time(t)'); subplot(4, 1, 3);
ylabel('Amplitude'); plot(t, yc);
Demodulated Signal : title('Carrier Signal');
Yam demod= yam.*yc ; xlabel('time(t)');
K=abs(fft(yam demod)) ; ylabel(' Amplitude ');
P=length(t); frequency spectrum of Carrier Signal
Filt=[ones(1,4*fm),1,zeros(1,P-4*fm)] ; ycs=fft shift(fft(yc));
Out=K.*filt ; N=length(ycs);
subplot(4, 1, 4); n=-(N-1)/2: (N-1)/2 ;
plot(t,ifft(out)) ; ycf=sqrt(ycs.*conj(ycs));
title('Demodulated Signal'); subplot(4, 1, 4);
xlabel('time(t)'); plot(n, ycf);
ylabel('Amplitude'); title('frequency spectrum of Carrier Signal’);
xlabel(' frequency '); Gaussian distribution
ylabel(' Amplitude '); mu = 0;
frequency Modulated Signal : sigma = 1;
m=5; x = linspace(mu-4*sigma ,mu+4*sigma,
yfm = [sin(2*%pi*fc*t) + 1000);
(m.*-cos(2*%pi*fm*t)) ] ; pdf = (1 / (sigma * sqrt(2 *% pi)))
subplot(4, 1, 5); * exp(-0.5(x - mu) / (sigma).^2));
plot(t,yfm); Scf(0) ;
FM signal spectrum plot(x, pdf);
yfms=fft shift(fft(yfm)); title('Gaussian Distribution PDF');
N=length(yfms); xlabel('x');
n=-(N-1)/2: (N-1)/2 ; ylabel('PDF');
yfmf=sqrt(yfms.*conj(yfms));
subplot(4, 1, 6);
plot(n, ymf);
title(' frequency spectrum of FM Signal');
xlabel(‘frequency ');
ylabel('amplitude');
PCM Illustration: Sampling,
Quantization and Encoding
Fs = 1000;
t = 0:1/fs:1 ;
f=5 ;
x= sin(2*%pi*f*t);
quantization
L=16;
X_min=min(x);
X_max=max(x);
delta=(x_max-x_min)/(L-1);
quantized=round((x-x_min)/delta);
quantize_val=quantized*delta+x_min;
scf(0);
subplot(2,1,1);
plot(t,x,’b’);
subplot(2,1,2);
plot(t,quantized,’r--’);
legend([‘originalsignal’,’quantized signal’])
title('PCM Original signal vs quantized
Signal');
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('amplitude');
Unipolar NRZ signal = [signal: -ones(Fs*T/2,1):
Data=[1 0 1 1 0 1]; ones(Fs*T/2,1)];
Fs = 1000; end
T=1; end
t=0:1/Fs :T*length(data); signal=signal(:);
signal=[ ]; plot(t(1:length(signal)).signal);
for i=1 :(length(data)) xlabel('Time (s)');
signal=[signal:data(i)*ones(Fs*T,1)]; ylabel('Amplitude');
end title(‘manchester encoding’);
signal=signal(:); unipolar RZ
plot(t(1:length(signal)).signal); Data=[1 0 1 1 0 1];
xlabel('Time (s)'); Fs = 1000;
ylabel('Amplitude'); T=1;
title('unipolar NRZ line coding'); t=0:1/Fs :T*(length(data));
polar NRZ signal=[ ];
Data=[1 0 1 1 0 1]; for i=1:(length(data))
Fs = 1000; if data(i)==1 then
T=1; bit_signal = [ones(Fs*T/2,1):
t=0:1/Fs :T*(length(data)+1); zeros (Fs*T/2,1)];
signal=[ ]; else
for i=1:(length(data)) bit_ signal = zeros (Fs*T,1);
if data(i)==1 then end
signal = [signal: ones(Fs*T,1)]; signal=[signal:bit_signal];
else end
signal = [signal: -ones(Fs*T,1)]; signal=signal(:);
end plot(t(1:length(signal)).signal);
end xlabel('Time (s)');
signal=signal(:); ylabel('Amplitude');
plot(t(1:length(signal)).signal); title(‘unipolar RZ ’);
xlabel('Time (s)');
ylabel('Amplitude');
title('polar NRZ line coding');
manchester encoding
Data=[1 0 1 1 0 1];
Fs = 1000;
T=1;
t=0:1/Fs :T*(length(data));
signal=[ ];
for i=1:(length(data))
if data(i)==1 then
signal = [signal: ones(Fs*T/2,1):
-ones (Fs*T/2,1)];
else
TIME DIVISION MULTIPLEXING AND DEMULTIPLEXING OF SIGNAL
DEMULTIPLEXING n =1
clc ; for k =1:1: length ( t )
close ; m3 ( k) = tdm ( n )
clear n = n +1;
fs =100 m4 ( k) = tdm ( n )
t =0:1/ fs :1; n = n +1;
message_1 = 2* sin (2* %pi *3* t) ; m5 ( k) = tdm ( n )
figure (1) n = n +1;
subplot (3 ,1 ,1) end
plot2d3 (t , message_1 ) figure (3)
xlabel ( ’TIME ’ ) ; subplot (3 ,1 ,1)
ylabel ( ’AMPLITUDE ’ ) plot2d3 ( m3 )
title ( ’MESSAGE SIGNAL 1’ ) ; xlabel ( ’TIME ’ ) ;
message_2 = 1* squarewave (2* %pi *3* t ) ylabel ( ’AMPLITUDE ’ )
subplot (3 ,1 ,2) title ( ’DEMUX MESSAGE SIGNAL 1’) ;
plot2d3 (t , message_2 ) subplot (3 ,1 ,2)
xlabel ( ’TIME ’ ) ; plot2d3 ( m4 )
ylabel ( ’AMPLITUDE ’ ) xlabel ( ’TIME ’ ) ;
title ( ’MESSAGE SIGNAL 2’ ) ; ylabel ( ’AMPLITUDE ’ )
message_3 = 3* cos (2* %pi *3* t) title ( ’DEMUX MESSAGE SIGNAL 2’ ) ;
subplot (3 ,1 ,3) subplot (3 ,1 ,3)
plot2d3 (t , message_3 ) plot2d3 ( m5 )
xlabel ( ’TIME ’ ) ; xlabel ( ’TIME ’ ) ;
ylabel ( ’AMPLITUDE ’ ) ylabel ( ’AMPLITUDE ’ )
title ( ’MESSAGE SIGNAL 3’ ) ; title ( ’DEMUX MESSAGE SIGNAL 3’ ) ;
MULTIPLEXED SIGNAL
tdm =0;
j =1
for i =1:3:3* length ( t )
tdm ( i ) = message_1 ( j );
i = i +1;
tdm ( i ) = message_2 ( j );
i = i +1;
tdm ( i ) = message_3 ( j );
j = j +1
end
figure (2)
subplot (2 ,1 ,1)
plot2d3 ( tdm )
xlabel ( ’TIME ’ ) ;
ylabel ( ’AMPLITUDE ’ )
title ( ’ MULTIPLEXED SIGNAL ’ ) ;
