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Name:- …………………… Grade- X Worksheet No: RM-1 Date: -……………………
Subject: - Chemistry. Topic – The Particulate Nature of matter-
Take way OR Understanding after solving the worksheet-
1 When nitrogen is cooled to below −196 °C it changes state from gas to liquid.
(a) Name the change of state from gas to liquid
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(b) Use the kinetic particle theory to describe the differences between nitrogen gas and liquid
nitrogen in terms of:
the separation of the particles ..........................................................................................
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the motion of the particles ................................................................................................
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[Total: 5]
2 When aluminium is heated above 660 °C it changes from solid to liquid.
(a) Name the change of state from solid to liquid.
........................................................................................................................................... [1]
(b) Use the kinetic particle theory to describe the differences between solid aluminium and liquid
aluminium in terms of:
• the separation of the particles .......................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
• the motion of the particles .............................................................................................
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[Total: 5]
3 Hydrogen chloride is an acidic gas produced when concentrated hydrochloric acid evaporates.
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(a) Describe the arrangement and separation of the molecules in hydrogen chloride gas.
arrangement .....................................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................................................
separation ........................................................................................................................
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(b) A long glass tube is set up as shown.
long glass tube
cotton wool soaked in damp blue litmus paper
concentrated hydrochloric acid
At first, the blue litmus paper does not turn red.
After a short time, the litmus paper turns red.
Explain these observations using the kinetic particle model.
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[Total: 5]
4 Dust particles in the air move around in a random way.
(a) What term describes the random movement of the dust particles?
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(b) Identify the particles in the air which cause the random movement of the dust particles.
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(c) Explain why the dust particles move in this way.
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[Total: 5]
5 A student left a cube of ice on a plate in a warm room. The diagrams below show what happened
to the ice.
at the start after 10 minutes after 30 minutes
Describe and explain what happened to the ice. In your answer,
- describe and explain the change of state which occurs,
- explain this change using the kinetic particle theory.
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[Total: 5]
6 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the differences between solid sulfur and sulfur gas in
terms of:
the arrangement of the particles ..............................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
the motion of the particles ........................................................................................................
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[Total: 4]
7 The table shows some properties of four halogens.
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melting point boiling point density of liquid at
halogen 3
/°C /°C
boiling point in g/cm
fluorine −220 1.51
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chlorine −101 −35
...............................................
bromine −7 59 3.12
iodine 114 184 4.93
(a) Complete the table by predicting:
• the boiling point of fluorine
• the density of liquid chlorine at its boiling
point.
[2]
(b) Predict the physical state of chlorine at −105 °C.
Give a reason for your answer.
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........................................................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
8 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the differences between liquid lead and lead gas in terms
of:
• the separation of the particles ...............................................................................................
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• the motion of the particles .....................................................................................................
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[Total: 4]
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9 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the differences between solid aluminium and liquid
aluminium in terms of:
• the arrangement of the particles ...........................................................................................
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• the separation of the particles. ..............................................................................................
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[Total: 4]
10 The table shows some properties of four Group I elements.
melting point boiling point
element relative hardness
/°C /°C
lithium 181 1342 5.0
sodium 883 0.7
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potassium 63 760
.......................
rubidium 39 686 0.2
(a) Complete the table by predicting:
• the melting point of sodium
• the relative hardness of potassium.
[2]
(b) Predict the physical state of potassium at 100 °C.
Give a reason for your answer.
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[Total: 4]
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11 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the differences between solid sulfur and sulfur gas in
terms of:
the arrangement of the particles ..............................................................................................
..................................................................................................................................................
the motion of the particles ........................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
12 This question is about sulfur.
(a) Use the kinetic particle theory to describe the differences between sulfur gas and solid sulfur
in terms of:
(i) the arrangement of the particles
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................................................................................................................................ [2]
(ii) the separation of the particles.
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[Total: 4]
13 Substances can change state.
(a) Boiling and evaporation are two ways in which a liquid changes into a gas.
Describe two differences between boiling and evaporation.
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2 ........................................................................................................................................ [2]
(b) Name the change of state when:
a gas becomes a liquid .....................................................................................................
a solid becomes a gas. ..................................................................................................... [2]
[Total: 4]
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14 Ammonia gas is prepared at the front of a laboratory.
The pungent smell of ammonia spreads throughout the laboratory slowly.
(a) Name the process that occurs when ammonia gas spreads throughout the laboratory.
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(b) Explain, using ideas about particles, why ammonia gas spreads throughout the laboratory.
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(c) Explain why carbon dioxide gas, CO2, will spread throughout the laboratory at a slower rate
than ammonia gas, NH3.
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[Total: 4]
15 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the motion and separation of the particles in:
liquid mercury ..........................................................................................................................
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mercury gas. ............................................................................................................................
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[Total: 4]
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16 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the motion and separation of the particles in:
solid carbon dioxide .................................................................................................................
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carbon dioxide gas. .................................................................................................................
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[Total: 4]
17 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement and type of motion of the molecules in:
liquid bromine ...........................................................................................................................
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bromine gas .............................................................................................................................
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[Total: 4]
18 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement and separation of the particles in:
solid sodium .............................................................................................................................
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liquid sodium. ...........................................................................................................................
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[Total: 4]
19 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the separation between the molecules and the type of
motion of the molecules in:
● solid iodine............................................................................................................................
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● iodine gas.............................................................................................................................
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[Total: 4]
20 Use the kinetic particle model to describe the arrangement and type of motion of the molecules in:
solid chlorine ............................................................................................................................
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chlorine gas. .............................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................. [4]
[Total: 4]
