SEC Assignment

Assignment 2:
Problem-1: Write a Python program that accepts a number from the user and checks whether
the number is even or odd.
# Prompt the user to input a number and convert the input to an integer
n = int(input('Enter a number: '))

# Check if the number is divisible by 2 (even number)

if n % 2 == 0:
# If the remainder is 0, print that the number is even
print('Even number')
else:
# If the remainder is not 0, print that the number is odd
print('Odd number')

Problem-2: Write a Python program that accepts three numbers and prints the largest of the
three using conditional statements.
# Prompt the user to enter three numbers and convert them to integers
a = int(input('Enter first number: '))
b = int(input('Enter second number: '))
c = int(input('Enter third number: '))

# Check if 'a' is greater than or equal to both 'b' and 'c'

if a >= b and a >= c:
# If the condition is true, print that 'a' is the largest number
print(a, 'is the largest')
# Exit the program since we found the largest number
raise SystemExit

# Check if 'b' is greater than or equal to both 'a' and 'c'

if b >= a and b >= c:
# If the condition is true, print that 'b' is the largest number
print(b, 'is the largest')
# Exit the program since we
Problem-3: Write a Python program to calculate the sum of the first n natural numbers using a
for loop.
# Prompt the user to input a natural number and convert it to an
integer
n = int(input('Enter a natural number: '))

# Initialize a variable 'sum' to store the total sum, starting at 0

sum = 0

# Use a 'for' loop to iterate from 1 to n (inclusive)

for i in range(1, n + 1):
# Add the current value of 'i' to 'sum' during each iteration
sum = sum + i

# After the loop finishes, print the final sum

print(sum)

Problem-4: Write a Python program that prints numbers from 1 to 100. For multiples of 3,
print ”Fizz” instead of the number, and for multiples of 5, print ”Buzz”. For numbers that are
multiples of both 3 and 5, print ”FizzBuzz”.
# Loop through numbers from 1 to 100
for i in range(1, 101):

# Check if the number is divisible by both 3 and 5 (should be

checked first)
if i % 3 == 0 and i % 5 == 0:
# If true, print 'FizzBuzz'
print('FizzBuzz')

# Check if the number is divisible by 3 only

elif i % 3 == 0:
# If true, print 'Fizz'
print('Fizz')

# Check if the number is divisible by 5 only

 elif i % 5 == 0:
# If true, print 'Buzz'
print('Buzz')

# If none of the above conditions are met, print the number itself
else:
print(i)

Problem-5: Write a Python program to calculate the factorial of a given number using a while
loop.
# Prompt the user to input a number and convert it to an integer
n = int(input('Enter a number: '))

# Check if the input number is negative

if n < 0:
# Print an error message if the number is negative
print('Enter a valid number')

# Check if the input number is zero

elif n == 0:
# Print the factorial of 0, which is 1
print('Factorial is 1')

# Check if the input number is positive

elif n > 0:
# Initialize variables for factorial calculation
i = 1
fact = 1

# Calculate the factorial using a while loop

while i <= n:
# Multiply 'fact' by 'i' to compute the factorial
fact = fact * i
# Increment 'i' by 1 for the next iteration
 i += 1

# Print the calculated factorial

print(fact)

Problem-6: Write a Python program that accepts a number from the user and checks whether
then number is prime or not using a for loop.
# Get an integer input from the user
n = int(input('Enter the number: '))

# Check if the number is 0

if n == 0:
# 0 is not considered a prime number
print('Not a prime')

# Initialize a flag to determine if the number is prime

flag = 1

# Check if the number is not 0 (already handled above)

if n != 0:
# Loop through potential divisors from 2 up to n-1
for i in range(2, n):
# If 'n' is divisible by 'i', it's not a prime number
if n % i == 0:
# Print that the number is not a prime and set flag to 0
print('Not a prime')
flag = 0
# Exit the loop as we found a divisor
break

# If the flag is still 1, it means 'n' was not divisible by any number
other than 1 and itself
if flag == 1:
# Print that the number is prime
print('Is prime')
Problem-7: Write a Python program that prints the following pattern for a given number of
rows:
*
**
***
****
*****
# Loop through numbers from 1 to 5 (both inclusive)
for i in range(1, 6):
# Print '*' repeated 'i' times. The multiplication creates a string
of 'i' asterisks.
print(i * '*')

Problem-8: Write a Python program that counts the number of digits in a given positive integer
using a while loop.
# Prompt the user to input a positive integer and convert it to an integer
n = int(input('Enter a positive integer: '))

# Initialize a variable 'count' to keep track of the number of digits

count = 1

# Continue dividing 'n' by 10 as long as 'n' is greater than 9

while n > 9:
# Divide 'n' by 10 to remove the last digit
n = n / 10

# Increment 'count' by 1 for each division to count the digits

count = count + 1

# Print the total count of digits in the original number

print(count)
Assignment-3:
Problem-1: Write a Python program that accepts a list of integers from the user, and performs
the following operations:
• Sort the list in ascending order.

• Reverse the list.

• Find the sum and average of the list.
n = int(input('Enter the number of integers you wish to add in the list:
'))
l = [] # List to hold the user's input
l0 = [] # Copy of the original list for reversing later
sum = 0 # Variable to store the sum of all numbers

# Loop to collect user input, store it in both 'l' and 'l0', and
simultaneously compute the sum
for i in range(n):
l.append(int(input('Enter the integer: '))) # Add to 'l'
l0.append(l[i]) # Keep a copy in 'l0'
sum += l[i] # Increment sum by the current integer

print('List of integers you entered: ', l)

# Sorting the list manually by repeatedly finding the smallest element.

# This is similar to the selection sort algorithm.
x = []
for i in range(len(l)):
min = l[0] # Start by assuming the first element is the smallest
# Traverse the list to find the actual minimum element
for j in range(len(l)):
if l[j] < min:
min = l[j]
x.append(min) # Append the found minimum to the new list
l.remove(min) # Remove the minimum from the original list to avoid
duplicating it in the next iteration

print('List sorted in ascending order: ', x)

# Reverse the original list using its copy, which hasn't been modified
during sorting
l0.reverse()

print('Reverse of list: ', l0)

# Output the sum and calculate the average

print('Sum of all elements of the list: ', sum)
print('Average: ', sum / n)

Problem-2: Write a Python program that creates a tuple with 10 numbers. Implement a function
that finds the minimum and maximum values in the tuple without using built-in functions.
import random # Importing the random module to generate random numbers
t = [] # Initializing an empty list to store random integers

# Loop to generate 10 random integers between 1 and 10 and append them

to the list 't'
for i in range(10):
t.append(random.randint(1, 10))

# Convert the list 't' to a tuple and print it

print(tuple(t))

# Initialize 'min' to the first element of the list 't' for finding the
minimum value
min = t[0]
# Loop through each element in 't' to find the minimum value
for i in t:
if i < min: # If current element is smaller than 'min', update 'min'
min = i

# Initialize 'max' to the first element of the list 't' for finding the
maximum value
max = t[0]
# Loop through each element in 't' to find the maximum value
for i in t:
if i > max: # If current element is larger than 'max', update 'max'
max = i

# Print the minimum and maximum values

print('minimum value: ', min)
print('maximum value: ', max)

Problem-3: Write a Python program to merge two lists into one and remove any duplicates from
the merged list.
l = [1, 2, 3, 4, 4, 2, 1] # First list
l0 = [2, 3, 7, 9, 6, 3, 2, 3] # Second list

# Merge the two lists into one

ml = l + l0
print(ml) # Print the merged list

# Loop through each element in the merged list 'ml'

for i in ml:
a = ml.index(i) # Find the index of the first occurrence of element
'i'

# Inner loop to remove all occurrences of the current element 'i'

for j in ml:
if i == j: # If element 'i' is the same as 'j' (another occurrence
of the same element)
ml.remove(j) # Remove the element 'j' from the list 'ml'

# Insert the element 'i' back at its original position, minus 1 (as
elements are shifted after removal)
ml.insert(a - 1, i)

# Get the length of the list and calculate the index of the last element
n = len(ml) - 1
b = ml[n] # Get the last element in the list
ml.remove(b) # Remove the last element
ml.insert(0, b) # Insert the last element at the beginning of the list

# Print the final modified list

print(ml)

Problem-4: Write a Python program that initializes a dictionary with 5 key-value pairs.
Implement functionality to:
• Add a new key-value pair.
• Update the value of an existing key.
• Delete a key-value pair.

# Initializing the dictionary with key-value pairs

d = {1: 'a', 2: 'b', 3: 'c', 4: 'd', 5: 'e'}
print('Initial dictionary:', d) # Print the initial dictionary

# Adding a new key-value pair (key 6 with value 'f')

d[6] = 'f'
print('Added dict:', d) # Print the dictionary after adding a new pair

# Updating the value of an existing key (key 4) to 'q'

d[4] = 'q'
print('Updated dict:', d) # Print the dictionary after updating the
value

# Deleting the key-value pair where the key is 3

del d[3]
print('After deleting a key-value pair, we get:', d) # Print the
dictionary after deletion

Problem-5: Write a Python program using list comprehension that generates a list of squares of
all even numbers between 1 and 20.
# List comprehension to generate even numbers between 1 and 20
l = [i for i in range(1, 21) if i % 2 == 0]
print('List of even numbers between 1 to 20:', l) # Print the list of
even numbers

# List comprehension to generate squares of the even numbers in 'l'

squares = [x**2 for x in l]
print('List of squares:', squares) # Print the list of squares of the
even numbers.

Problem-6: Write a Python program that accepts a tuple from the user and performs slicing
operations to extract elements based on the start, stop, and step values.
# Prompt the user to enter a string representation of a tuple
t = input('Enter the tuple: ')

# Create a list using list comprehension

# Extract every 3rd element starting from index 1 of the input string
# Convert each selected character to an integer
list = [int(t[i]) for i in range(1, len(t), 3)]

# Convert the list to a tuple

tuple = tuple(list)

# Print the resulting tuple

print(tuple)

Problem-7: Write a Python program that takes a dictionary of student names and marks as input,
and then prints the name of the student with the highest marks.

input_str=input('enter the dictionary of student names and marks as input

(e.g., key1:value1,key2:value2): ')
pairs=input_str.split(',')
dictionary={}
for pair in pairs:
key, value= pair.split(':')
dictionary[key] = value

k=[]
for key in dictionary:
k.append(key)

max=dictionary[k[0]]
for i in k:
if (dictionary[i]>max):
max=dictionary[i]
max_marks=[]
for i in k:
if (dictionary[i]==max):
max_marks.append(i)
print('list of students with maximum marks: ',max_marks)

Problem-8: Write a Python program that converts two lists (one containing keys and the other
containing values) into a dictionary.
# Prompt the user to enter a list of keys separated by commas
key = input('Enter the list of keys (e.g., key1,key2,key3,...): ')

# Prompt the user to enter a list of values separated by commas

value = input('Enter the list of values (e.g., value1,value2,value3,...):
')

# Split the input strings by commas to create lists of keys and values
keys = key.split(',')
values = value.split(',')

# Initialize an empty dictionary

d = {}

# Loop through the range of the number of keys (and values)

for i in range(len(keys)):
# Assign each key to its corresponding value in the dictionary
d[keys[i]] = values[i]
# Print the resulting dictionary
print(d)

Assignment-4:
Problem-1: Write a Python function that accepts two numbers and returns their sum, difference,
product, and quotient.
# Get the first integer from the user and convert it to an integer
a = int(input('Enter the first number: '))
# Get the second integer from the user and convert it to an integer
b = int(input('Enter the second number: '))

# Calculate and print the sum of the two numbers

print('Sum is', a + b)

# Calculate and print the difference between the two numbers

print('Difference is', a - b)

# Calculate and print the product of the two numbers

print('Product is', a * b)

# Check if the second number is not zero to avoid division by zero

if b != 0:
# Calculate and print the quotient of the two numbers
print('Quotient is', a / b)

else:
# Print a message if the division is not possible
print('Quotient is not defined')

problem-2: Write a Python function that generates the Fibonacci series up to n terms, where n
is provided by the user.
import numpy as np

# Get the number of terms to generate in the Fibonacci sequence

n = int(input('Enter number of terms: '))

# Initialize a numpy array 'f' with zeros of size 'n'

f = np.zeros(n)

# The first two terms of the Fibonacci sequence

f[0] = 0
f[1] = 1

# Generate the Fibonacci sequence up to 'n' terms

for i in range(2, n):
# Each term is the sum of the two preceding terms
f[i] = f[i-1] + f[i-2]

# Print the Fibonacci sequence as a comma-separated string

# Convert each term to an integer and then to a string for joining
print(", ".join(str(int(f[i])) for i in range(n)))

Problem-3: Write a recursive Python function that calculates the factorial of a given number.
def factorial(n):
# Base case: if n is 0, return 1 (0! = 1)
if n == 0:
return 1
# Recursive case: multiply n by the factorial of (n-1)
if n > 0:
return n * factorial(n - 1)

# Prompt the user to enter a number

n = int(input('Enter the number whose factorial you wish to calculate:
'))

# Calculate and print the factorial of the number

print(factorial(n))
Problem-4: Write a Python module that contains functions for addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division. Import this module into your main program and perform operations
on two numbers provided by the user.
# Import the custom module named 'mymodule'
import mymodule

# Prompt the user to enter two numbers and convert the input to integers
a = int(input('Enter a number: '))
b = int(input('Enter another number: '))

# Use the 'add' function from the 'mymodule' to add the two numbers
print(mymodule.add(a, b))

# The following lines assume that the module 'mymodule' has additional
functions
# Check if the module contains 'subtract', 'product', and 'divide'
functions
# Use the respective functions to perform subtraction, multiplication,
and division
print(mymodule.subtract(a, b)) # Subtract b from a
print(mymodule.product(a, b)) # Multiply a and b
print(mymodule.divide(a, b)) # Divide a by b (make sure to handle
division by zero)

Problem-5: Write a Python function that checks whether a number is prime or not. Use this
function in a program to check numbers from 1 to 100.
def isprime(n):
# Check if the number is 0
if n < 0:
# negative numbers are not considered prime numbers
return 'please enter non-negative integers...'

# Check if the number is 0

if n == 0:
# 0 is not considered a prime number
return 'Not a prime'
# Check if the number is 1
if n == 1:
# 1 is not considered a prime number
return 'Not a prime'

# Initialize a flag to determine if the number is prime

flag = 1

# Check if the number is not 0 (already handled above)

if n > 1:
# Loop through potential divisors from 2 up to n-1
for i in range(2, n):
# If 'n' is divisible by 'i', it's not a prime number
if n % i == 0:
# Print that the number is not a prime and set flag to 0
return 'Not a prime'
flag = 0
# Exit the loop as we found a divisor
break

# If the flag is still 1, it means 'n' was not divisible by any number
other than 1 and itself
if flag == 1:
# Print that the number is prime
return 'Is prime'

prime = [] # List to store prime numbers

not_prime = [] # List to store non-prime (composite) numbers

# Loop through numbers from 1 to 100

for i in range(1, 101):
# Check if the number is prime
if (isprime(i) == 'Is prime'):
 prime.append(i) # Add the prime number to the prime list
# Check if the number is not prime (composite)
if (isprime(i) == 'Not a prime'):
not_prime.append(i) # Add the non-prime number to the not_prime
list

# Print the list of prime numbers from 1 to 100

print('List of prime numbers from 1 to 100:', prime)
# Print the list of non-prime (composite) numbers from 1 to 100
print('List of composite numbers from 1 to 100:', not_prime)

Problem-6: Write a Python function that calculates the area of a rectangle. If only one argument
(the side) is provided, assume it is a square.
def area_of_rectangle(length, width=None):
# If width is not provided, assume it's a square, so width = length
if width is None:
width = length

# Calculate the area of the rectangle (or square)

area = length * width

return area

# User input for length

length = float(input('Enter the length (in cm): '))

# User input for width

width_input = input('Enter the width (in cm) (write "none" if you don\'t
wish to enter a value): ')

# Check if the user entered "none" for width

if width_input.lower() == 'none':
width = None
else:
width = float(width_input)
# Calculate and print the area
print(f' Area is {area_of_rectangle(length, width): .2f} sq.cm')

Problem-7: Write a Python function that accepts three numbers and returns the largest and
smallest of the three.
# Function to find the largest of three numbers
def largest(a, b, c):
n = [a, b, c] # Create a list of the three numbers
max = a # Assume the first number is the largest initially
for i in n:
if i > max: # If the current number is greater than max
max = i # Update max with the current number
return max # Return the largest number

# Function to find the smallest of three numbers

def smallest(a, b, c):
n = [a, b, c] # Create a list of the three numbers
min = a # Assume the first number is the smallest initially
for i in n:
if i < min: # If the current number is smaller than min
min = i # Update min with the current number
return min # Return the smallest number

# Get user input for the three numbers

a = int(input('Enter first number: '))
b = int(input('Enter second number: '))
c = int(input('Enter third number: '))

# Print the largest and smallest numbers

print('Largest number is', largest(a, b, c))
print('Smallest number is', smallest(a, b, c))
Problem-8: Write a Python program that uses the math module to calculate and print the value
of e^x, sin(x), and log(x) for a user-defined x.
import math # Importing the math module to use mathematical functions

# Taking user input and converting it to a float (decimal) value

x = float(input('Enter x: '))

# Printing the exponential of x (e^x)

print(math.exp(x))

# Printing the sine of x (sin(x)), where x is in radians

print(math.sin(x))

# Printing the natural logarithm of x (log base e, also known as ln(x))

print(math.log(x)) # Note: x must be positive for log(x) to be valid

Assignment-5:
Problem-1: Write a Python program that reads the content of a text file and prints it to the
console.
# Prompt the user to enter the name of the file, including the .txt
extension
filename = input('Enter the name of the file (with .txt extension): ')

# Open the file in read mode ('r')

# The 'with' statement ensures that the file is properly closed after its
block is executed
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
# Read the entire content of the file into the 'content' variable
content = file.read()

# Print the content of the file to the console

print(content)
Problem-2: Write a Python program that accepts a string from the user and writes it to a text
file.
# Prompt the user to enter the filename, including the .txt extension
filename = input('Enter filename with .txt extension: ')

# Open the file in write mode ('w')

# If the file does not exist, it will be created. If it exists, it will
be truncated
with open(filename, 'w') as file:
# Write a string to the file
file.write('Hello I am Neeva')

# Open the file in read mode ('r')

with open(filename, 'r') as file:
# Read the content of the file
content = file.read()
# Print the content of the file to the console
print(content)

Problem-3: Write a Python program that reads a text file and counts the number of words in it.
# Prompt the user to enter the filename, including the .txt extension
filename = input('Enter the filename with .txt extension: ')

# Open the file in read mode ('r')

with open(filename, 'r') as file:
# Read the entire content of the file
content = file.read()

# Remove leading and trailing whitespace from the content

content = content.strip()

# Split the content into words based on whitespace

words = content.split()

# Print the number of words

 print(len(words))

Problem-4: Write a Python program that copies the content of one file into another file.
# Prompt the user to enter the name of the source file, including the
.txt extension
filename = input('Enter filename with .txt extension: ')

# Prompt the user to enter the name of the destination file, including
the .txt extension
destination_file = input('Enter destination filename with .txt extension:
')

# Open the source file in read mode ('r')

# The 'with' statement ensures that the file is properly closed after its
block is executed
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
# Read the entire content of the source file
content = file.read()

# Open the destination file in write mode ('w')

# If the destination file does not exist, it will be created. If it
exists, it will be truncated
with open(destination_file, 'w') as file:
# Write the content read from the source file into the destination
file
file.write(content)

# Open the destination file in read mode ('r') to verify the content
with open(destination_file, 'r') as file:
# Read the entire content of the destination file
c = file.read()
# Print the content to the console
print(c)
Problem-5: Write a Python program that accepts a word from the user and searches for that
word in a text file. The program should display how many times the word appears in the file.
#enter a word to search for
word = input('Enter a word: ')

#enter the filename to search in

filename = input('Enter the filename where you want to search for the
above word (with .txt extension): ')

# Open the specified file in read mode

with open(filename, 'r') as file:
# Read the entire content of the file
content = file.read()

# Strip leading and trailing whitespace from the content

text = content.strip()

# Split the content into a list of words

words = text.split()

# Initialize a count variable to keep track of occurrences

count = 0

# Iterate through each word in the list

for w in words:
# Check if the current word matches the input word exactly
if w == word:
count += 1

# Check if the current word matches the input word ignoring the
last character
# This accounts for cases like "word," where a comma is attached
if w[0:len(w)-1] == word:
count += 1
# Print the total count of occurrences
print(count)

Problem-6: Write a Python program that appends new content to an existing file without
overwriting the existing content.
# Get filename and content from the user
filename = input('Enter the name of the file with .txt extension: ')

# Check if the filename ends with '.txt'

if not filename.endswith('.txt'):
print("Error: The filename must end with '.txt'")
else:
content = input('Enter the content you wish to add: ')

# Open the file in append mode and write the content

with open(filename, 'a') as file:
file.write(content + '\n') # Adding a newline after the content
for readability

# Open the file in read mode and display the updated content
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
new_content = file.read()

# Print the updated content

print("\nUpdated File Content:")
print(new_content)

Problem-7: Write a Python program that reads data from a CSV file and prints the contents to
the console. Each line in the file should be treated as a list of values.
import csv # Importing the CSV module to handle CSV files

# Taking the file name as input from the user

filename = input('Enter the name of the CSV file: ')

# Open the CSV file in read mode

with open(filename, 'r') as file:
content = csv.reader(file) # Reading the CSV file using csv.reader
which returns an iterable

# Iterating through each row in the CSV file

for row in content:
print(row) # Printing each row (which is a list of values from
that row)

Problem-8: Write a Python program that opens a file, reads the contents, and handles
exceptions such as ”file not found” or ”permission denied”.
import csv # Importing the CSV module to handle CSV files

# Taking the file name as input from the user

filename = input('Enter the name of the CSV file: ')

try:
# Open the CSV file in read mode
with open(filename, 'r') as file:
content = csv.reader(file) # Reading the CSV file using
csv.reader which returns an iterable

# Iterating through each row in the CSV file

for row in content:
print(row) # Printing each row (which is a list of values
from that row)

# Handling the case where the file is not found

except FileNotFoundError:
print(f"Error: The file '{filename}' was not found. Please try
again.") # Informing the user that the file doesn't exist

# Handling any other unexpected errors

except Exception as e:
print(f"An error occurred: {e}") # Catching any other general
exceptions and printing the error message