Scribd
Upload
5 views6 pages

Matrices

The document provides an overview of different types of matrices including column, row, square, diagonal, identity, zero, scalar, and triangular matrices, along with their definitions and examples. It also discusses the uses of matrices in various fields such as simultaneous equations and linear programming, and outlines operations that can be performed on matrices, including addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Additionally, it notes that matrix addition is commutative and that operations require matrices of the same order.

Uploaded by

walelah993
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
5 views6 pages

Matrices

The document provides an overview of different types of matrices including column, row, square, diagonal, identity, zero, scalar, and triangular matrices, along with their definitions and examples. It also discusses the uses of matrices in various fields such as simultaneous equations and linear programming, and outlines operations that can be performed on matrices, including addition, subtraction, and multiplication. Additionally, it notes that matrix addition is commutative and that operations require matrices of the same order.

Uploaded by

walelah993
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Side panel

EW

Notes on Matrices

Completion requirements

Types of Matrices

a) Column matrices

A matrix with one column and several rows is called a column matrix. Example of a

Column matrix is A =

b) Row Matrices

A Row matrix has one row and several columns. Example of a row matrix is

B= (1 2 4)

c) Square matrix – this is a matrix in which the number of rows is equal to the number of columns.

A=2 3

7 8
d) Diagonal matrix – this is a square matrix that has zeros everywhere except on the main diagonal
ie the diagonal running from the upper left to the lower right.

For example:

200

A=080

004

100

B=000

000

A matrix s diagonal if aij is equal to zero for all elements when i≠j and aij is not equal to zero and

At least I = j

e) Identity matrix – this is a square matrix with the leading diagonal elements all equal to one

And all other elements equal to zero i.e. it is a diagonal matrix whose diagonal matrix is equal to

One.
I=1001

If you multiply a matrix by an identity matrix, you will get the same matrix regardless if you premultiply
or post-multiply.

Amm Imm = Amm = Imm Amm

f) Zero or null matrix – this is a square matrix where every element is zero.

Note:

i) When null matrix is added or subtracted from another matrix that matrix remains

Unchanged.

ii) Pre or post-multiplying a matrix with a null matrix results in another matrix.

g) Scalar matrix – is a diagonal matrix whose diagonal elements are equal.

A = 10 0

0 10
1

2 00
3
B=010

001

h) Triangular matrix – A square matrix whose element aij is equal to zero. Whenever i<j, it is called
a lower triangular matrix, whenever i>j, it is called an upper triangular matrix.

100

A=320

683

Uses of Matrices

They are used because they are able to summarize data. Through matrices, operations,

Formulation and solution of data are simplified which would almost be impossible or complicated in
conventional or algebraic operations. Knowledge of matrices can be used in solving problems that arise
in various fields of operations such as:

1. Simultaneous equations

2. Markov processes

3. Input-output analysis

4. Linear programming
5. Game theory

Operations of matrices

The following operations can be carried out in matrices:

1. Addition

2. Subtraction

3. Multiplication

4. Determinant

5. Transposition

6. Matrix Inversion

Matrix Addition and Matrix Subtraction

These operations can only be carried out on two or more matrices which must be of the same order. This
means the number of rows in the matrices must be the same and similarly the number of columns must
be the same. Otherwise the operations cannot be carried out. The addition or subtraction is carried out
on the corresponding elements of the two or more matrices that are undergoing the operation.

Multiplication of a matrix by a scalar.


A scalar is a numeral that can assume either a positive or negative value. When a matrix is multiplied by
a scalar, every element of the matrix is multiplied by the scalar and the resultant will be a matrix of the
same order as the initial matrix.

NB

From the above exercise you may have noted that when adding matrices the sequencing of the matrices
does not affect the result of the addition. This means

A +B = B +A

You might also like