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Analysis Assignment 2

The document presents a mathematical analysis proving that a function f is bounded and attains its extremes on a closed interval [a, b]. It demonstrates that f is uniformly continuous and that any composition of f with another continuous function g also results in a uniformly continuous function. The analysis concludes with the continuity of g on the interval [a, b] and establishes that f is uniformly continuous in the open interval (a, b).

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Vũ Nhật Huy
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2 views3 pages

Analysis Assignment 2

The document presents a mathematical analysis proving that a function f is bounded and attains its extremes on a closed interval [a, b]. It demonstrates that f is uniformly continuous and that any composition of f with another continuous function g also results in a uniformly continuous function. The analysis concludes with the continuity of g on the interval [a, b] and establishes that f is uniformly continuous in the open interval (a, b).

Uploaded by

Vũ Nhật Huy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Analysis Assignment 2

- Rajeeva L. Karandikar
Soham Chatterjee
Roll: BMC202175

1
1. Let the set F is unbounded. Then for any n ∈ N ∃ xn ∈ [a, b] such that |f (xn )| > n. Now as ∀ n ∈ N
xn ∈ [a, b], hence the sequence {xn } is bounded.
Now in Analysis Assignment 1, Question No. 1.(iii) we proved that for a bounded sequence {an }
∃ {nj | j ≥ 1} where nj < nj+1 and nj ∈ N such that

lim anj = lim sup an


n→∞ n→∞

Hence there exists a sequence {xnk } where nk , k ∈ N and nk < nk+1 such that lim xnk = lim sup xn .
k→∞ n→∞
Let α = lim sup xn .
n→∞
Since f (xn ) > n hence f (xnk ) > nk ≥ k and the sequence {n} diverges. Therefore the sequence
{f (xnk )} also diverges. But as the sequence {xnk } converges to α and f is continuous in [a, b], {f (xnk )}
should converge to f (α). Contradiction. Therefore the set F is bounded. [Proved]
2. Since we already proved that f is closed and bounded, suppose M is the least upper bound of the set
F where F = {f (x) | x ∈ [a, b]}. Now we construct a sequence {xn }, where xn ∈ [a, b] ∀ n ∈ N in such
that
1
|M − f (xn )| <
n
Now such xn will always exist because if no such xn exists then ∀x ∈ [a, b] f (x) < M − n1 and then
M − n1 would be the upper bound less than least upper bound which is not possible. Hence {f (xn )}
converges to M . Therefore xn is also convergent. Let’s say {xn } converges to α. As f is continuous
f should converge to f (α). Now {xn } converges to α {f (xn )} converges to M and f (α). As the limit
should be unique hence f (α) = M .
Similarly suppose m is the greatest lower bound and we construct a sequence {yn } such that
1
|m − f (yn )| <
n
. Hence f (yn ) converges to m. Suppose {yn } converges to β. As f is continuous f (yn ) should converge
to f (β). Therefore f (β) = m. Hence f attains its extremes.
Now f is a continuous function from closed bounded interval [a, b] to a closed bounded interval
[m, M ]. Hence f is uniformly continuous (Source: Lecture Notes of 19.10.2021). Now whenever g is
composed upon f its domain becomes the range of f i.e. [m, M ]. Therefore g : [m, M ] → R is a
continuous function on a closed bounded interval. Therefore g is uniformly continuous.
As f is uniformly continuous ∀ f > 0 ∃ δf > 0 such that

|f (x) − f (y)| < f whenever |x − y| < δf

where x, y ∈ [a, b]. As g is uniformly continuous ∀ g > 0 ∃ δg > 0 such that

|g(x) − g(y)| < g whenever |x − y| < δg

where x, y ∈ [m, M ]. Now if we take f ≤ δg then ∀ g > 0 ∃ δf > 0 such that

|(g ◦ f )(x) − (g ◦ f )(y)| < g whenever |x − y| < δf

where x, y ∈ [a, b]. Hence (g ◦ f ) is also uniformly continuous. [Proved]


3. (a) As f is continuous in (a, b) and g(x) = f (x) in (a, b), g is also continuous in (a, b). Hence only
when G can be discontinuous is at x = a, x = b.
Given that
g(a) = α = lim f (x) = lim g(x)
x→ a x→ a

2
Hence g is continuous at x = a. Again

g(b) = β = lim f (x) = lim g(x)


x→ b x→ b

Therefore g is also continuous at x = b. Hence g is continuous on [a, b]. [Proved]


(b) Now g is continuous in the closed interval [a, b]. Using the result in Problem 1 we can say g is
uniformly continuous in [a, b]. Therefore g is uniformly continuous in (a, b). Now as g(x) = f (x)
in (a, b), f is also uniformly continuous in (a, b). [Proved]

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