22CB201 – LINEAR ALGEBRA

UNIT 1
1 What is the additive identity of a matrix?
a) The matrix itself
b) The identity matrix
c) The zero matrix
d) The transpose of the matrix
2 If A is a 2x3 matrix and B is a 3x2 matrix, what is the size of the product AB?
a) 3x3
b) 3x2
c) 2x3
d) 2x2
3 A manufacturer constructed two robots to assemble a product. The transformation
matrices for each joint
of the robotic arm, with specific position and orientation is given,
Robot1

Robot 2

Identify the final position of two robots (T1T2).

4 Sita invested Rs. 80,000 into two accounts, Rs. 22,000 in one account, and Rs. 58,000
in the other account. At the end of one year, assuming simple interest, she has earned
Rs. 2,470 in interest. The second account receives half a percent less than twice the
interest on the first account. Construct mathematical model for the given scenario.
5 To find the rank of a matrix, we reduce it to...
a) Row-echelon form
b) Augmented form
c) Determinant form
d) Diagonal form
6 What is the condition for an inconsistent system of linear equations?
a) Rank of the coefficient matrix = Rank of augmented matrix
b) Rank of the coefficient matrix < Rank of augmented matrix
c) Rank of coefficient matrix > Rank of augmented matrix
d) Rank of augmented matrix is undefined
7 Consider the following system of linear equations:
x + 2y + 3z = 4
4x + 5y + 6z = 7
What is the rank of the augmented matrix?
8 Ram sells two types of scarves at a farmers’ market and would like to know which one
was more popular. The total number of scarves sold was 56, the yellow scarf cost Rs.
10, and the purple scarf cost Rs. 11. If he had total revenue of Rs. 583, Compute the
number of yellow scarves and purple scarves sold using rank method.
9 If a row of a square matrix is multiplied by a scalar and added to another row, how
does it affect the determinant of the matrix?
a) The determinant is multiplied by the scalar
b) The determinant is divided by the scalar
c) The determinant remains unchanged
d) The determinant becomes 0
10 If A is a square matrix and I is the identity matrix, what is the value of AI?
a) A
b) I
c) 0
d) 2A
11 Consider a bridge with two support points and external forces acting on it. The
stiffness matrix

.
Calculating determinant of A determines whether the bridge design is stable or if
modifications are needed to prevent structural failure.
12 Ram invest Rs. 10,000 into two accounts, which receive 8% interest and 5% interest.
At the end of a year, He had Rs. 10,710 in his combined accounts. Find the invested
amount in each account, using Cramer’s rule.
UNIT II
13 If a matrix has eigenvalues 0, 1, and -1, is it invertible?
a) Yes, because it has non-zero eigenvalues
b) No, because it has a zero eigenvalue
c) Cannot be determined
d) Depends on the eigenvectors
14 If a matrix has eigenvalues 2, 2, and 5, what is its determinant?
a) 2
b) 5
c) 10
d) 20
15 In the following shear mapping of a picture was deformed in such a way that its diagonal
vector axis is not changed but the central vertical axis has changed.
Considering the linear transformation of the picture
 .
Identify the position if the image is rotated 90 degrees and the image is enlarged twice.
16 A mechanical engineering wished to introduce a new material in his component, so he
analysed its stress in different direction. Engineers analyse stress tensors is given as

to design safer structure,

a) Determine the principle stresses (Eigenvalue of A).
b) Predict the principle stresses, if the stress tensors are doubled.
c) Identify the principle stresses, if the stress tensors are inverted.
17 Which equation is used to find the inverse using the Cayley-Hamilton theorem?
a) The characteristic equation
b) The Pythagoras theorem
c) The quadratic formula
b) The slope formula
18 The Cayley-Hamilton theorem is particularly useful for:
a) Repeated calculations of matrix powers.
b) Drawing geometrical shapes.
c) Calculating slopes of graphs.
d) Measuring speed of objects.
19 A chemist working in a research laboratory studying molecular structures, synthesized
a new compound and are interested in understanding its behaviour under different
conditions. To represent the molecular interactions within the compound, he
constructed a 3x3 matrix based on experimental data. Each element of the matrix
corresponds to a specific molecular property, such as bond strength, angle between
bonds, and atomic charges.

Find the characteristic energy levels of the compound (Characteristic equation).

Hint:

20 A computer engineer analysed the image of an object by rotating and scaling. The
rotated and scaled object image is represented using a matrix

The characteristic equation for T is,

.
 Restore its original position, using Cayley Hamilton theorem.
21 In machine learning, eigenvalues are used to:
a) Compute training time.
b) Increase data size.
c) Reduce dimensionality in data.
d) Enhance color visualization.
22 Which of the following statements is true about eigenvalues?
a) Eigenvalues are always positive
b) Eigenvalues are always real
c) Eigenvalues can be complex numbers
d) Eigenvalues are always integers
23 A chemist working in a research laboratory studying molecular structures, synthesized
a new compound and are interested in understanding its behaviour under different
conditions. To represent the molecular interactions within the compound, he
constructed a 3x3 matrix based on experimental data. Each element of the matrix
corresponds to a specific molecular property, such as bond strength, angle between
bonds, and atomic charges.

a) Find the characteristic energy levels of the compound.

b) Predict the characteristic energy levels, if bound strength, angle between bonds and
atomic charges are tripled.
c) Predict the characteristic energy levels, if bound strength, angle between bonds and
atomic charges are inverted.
24 Imagine a car suspension system where two masses are connected by springs. The
movement of these masses can be modelled using a 2 × 2 matrix,

and if the frequencies are -1, 7, determine the vibration modes (Eigenvectors) of the
system.
UNIT III
25 The Gauss Elimination method involves transforming a matrix into:
a) Column echelon form
b) Row echelon form
c) Diagonal form
d) Identity form
26 A local theatre sells out for their show. They sell all 500 tickets for a total purse of Rs.
8,070.00. The tickets were priced at Rs. 15 for students, Rs. 12 for children, and Rs. 18
for adults. If the band sold three times as many adult tickets as children’s tickets, and if
x = number of student tickets, y = number of children's tickets, z = number of adult
tickets, construct the mathematical model for the given data and its matrix form.
27 Which operation is performed first in the Gauss-Jordan method?
a) Interchanging columns
b) Adding all rows
 c) Finding the determinant
d) Choosing a pivot element
28 A theater needs to predict the number of adult tickets and children tickets sold out of
the 1,200 total tickets. The children’s tickets are Rs. 5.95, adult tickets are Rs. 11.15,
and the total amount of revenue was Rs.12,756, if x = number of children's tickets and
y = number of adult tickets, then construct the mathematical model for the given data
and its matrix form.
29 Which type of matrix is easiest to solve using the Gauss-Jordan method?
a) complex matrix
b) Sparse matrix
c) Identity matrix
d) Symmetric matrix
30 A school club held a bake sale to raise money and sold brownies and chocolate chip
cookies. They priced the brownies at Rs.2 and the chocolate chip cookies at Re.1. They
raised Rs.250 and sold 175 items.
Suppose 'x' represent the number of brownies sold, and 'y' represent the number of
cookies sold, then the mathematical model for the given data is
x + y = 175
2x + y = 250.
Find x and y using Gauss Jordan method.
31 In the LU decomposition method, what property ensures unique decomposition?
a) Skew-symmetry of the matrix
b) Symmetry of the matrix
c) Diagonality of the matrix
d) Non-singularity of the matrix
32 A Landsat image with three spectral components was made of Homestead Air Force
Base in Florida. Theassociated matrix

Compute the factorized matrix U from the associated matrix A of Landsat image with
three spectral components, where the Eigen value for

are 3,1.
33 What is the first step in LU decomposition?
a) Find L and U from A
b) Find the determinant of A
c) Transpose the matrix A
d) Multiply A by the identity matrix
34 A Landsat image with three spectral components was made of Homestead Air Force
Base in Florida. The associated matrix
 Compute the factorized matrix U from the associated matrix A of Landsat image with
three spectral components, where the Eigen value for

are 25, 9.
35 The LU decomposition method is computationally efficient because:
a) It finds the determinant directly
b) It requires fewer row operations
c) It eliminates the need for substitution
d) It avoids repeated elimination for the same coefficient matrix
36 A Landsat image with three spectral components was made of Homestead Air Force
Base in Florida. The associated matrix

Compute the factorized matrix V from the associated matrix A of Landsat image with
three spectral components, where the Eigen value for

are 42,7.
UNIT IV
37 Which of the following is NOT a method for solving linear systems?
a) Substitution
b) Elimination
c) Matrix method
d) Differentiation
38 A linear system is made up of:
a) Only one equation
b) A set of linear equations
c) A set of quadratic equations
d) A set of exponential equations
39
40 In a mechanical engineering project, a crane is lifting a load with two supporting cables.
The force in Cable A is given by the vector F₁ = 2i - 4j + 2k (in Newtons), and the force
in Cable B is given by the vector F₂ = 3i + 2j + k (in Newtons). To analyze the system’s
stability and ensure proper load distribution, determine the angle θ between the two
force vectors.
Hint:

41 In R³, a set of two nonzero, non-parallel vectors is:

a) Always linearly independent
b) Always linearly dependent
c) Sometimes dependent, sometimes independent
d) A basis
42 The number of nonzero rows in the row echelon form of a matrix represents its:
a) Determinant
b) Trace
c) Rank
d) Nullity
43 Predict whether the given vectors are linearly independent or dependent, {(1, 0, 0), (2,
0, 0), (3, 0, 0)}.
44 A bridge is supported by two forces acting at different angles, represented as:

Check both the forces are uniquely contributing to the bridge's stability (linearly
independent), ensuring optimal load distribution.
45 A system of equations with no solution is called:
a) Consistent
b) Dependent
c) Independent
d) Inconsistent
46 Which operation is NOT defined in a vector space?
a) Vector addition
b) Scalar multiplication
c) Vector division
d) Zero vector existence
47 Check the consistency of the system x + y = 10, 2x + 2y = 20.
48 In a store the performance of four departments are mathematically modelled
x3 – x4 = 2
-9x1 – 2x2 + 6x3 – 12x4 = -7
3x1 + x2 – 2x3 + 4x4 = 2
2x3 = 6
Predict the performance of each department.
UNIT V
49 If < u, v > = 0, then u and v are said to be:
 a) Parallel
b) Perpendicular
c) Equal
d) Collinear
50 A valid property of vector norms is
a) Norms can be negative
b) Norm of a vector is always less than 1
c) Norm is invariant under scalar multiplication
d) Norm satisfies the triangle inequality
51 Suppose a boat (vector) travels from the origin to the point u = (1, 0, 1), v = (-1, 4, 1)
and w = (2, 1, -2).
a) Find the point u in the same direction, travelled by the boat.
b) Compute the distance between the two points travelled by the boat v and w.
Hint:

52 A sports analyst, Alex, is studying the performance of basketball players to determine

their shooting consistency. Alex represents the shooting patterns of players as vectors.
Each player's shooting performance is represented as a vector in a multidimensional
space, where each dimension corresponds to specific attributes, such as: Accuracy from
different court positions. Number of successful shots in a game. Shooting frequency
under different conditions. Player 1: u = (1, 0, 1), Player 2: v = (1, 0, 0).
Calculate the angle between vectors to analyze similarities or differences in their
playing styles.
Hint:

53 Which of the following is TRUE about QR decomposition?

a) It is only used for square matrices
b) It cannot handle complex numbers
c) It is useful for solving linear systems
d) It always produces diagonal matrices
54 QR decomposition helps in computing eigenvalues using which algorithm?
a) Newton’s method
b) Runge-Kutta method
c) QR algorithm
d) Power iteration
55 Using Gram-Schmidt procedure to find a corresponding orthogonal vectors, for x1 = (1,
1), x2 = (-1, 0).
56 In a wireless communication system, multiple users are transmitting signals
simultaneously over the same frequency band. To decode the signals at the receiver
without interference, the receiver needs to separate the signals into mutually orthogonal
components. Suppose the receiver captures three signals represented as vectors. x1 =
(2, 2, 1), x2 = (-2, 1, 2), x3 = (18, 0, 0). Use Gram-Schmidt Process to convert these
 vectors into an orthogonal basis, ensuring the signals are independent and non-
interfering.
Hint:

57 The zero vector is orthogonal to:

a) Itself
b) Every vector
c) No vector
d) Only unit vectors
58 What happens to the inner product when one of the vectors is scaled by a?
a) It becomes < au, v >=a < u, v >
b) It remains the same
c) It doubles
d) It is squared
59 A telecommunications engineer, Sarah, is designing a wireless communication system
to ensure efficient data transmission between a cell tower and mobile devices. To
achieve clear signal transmission while minimizing interference. Each transmitted
signal is represented as a vector s = (1, 1, 1) in a high dimensional vector space, with
noise n = (1, 2,1), determine how similar two signals are.
Hint:
1.If the inner product is large and positive, that is +1, +2, +3,...the signals are strongly
correlated (similar).
2. If the inner product is zero, that is 0, the signals are orthogonal (uncorrelated).
3. If the inner product is negative, that is -1, -2, -3, ... the signals have opposite trends.
60 Suppose a speech recognition system stores the voice patterns as vectors:
User 1's voice pattern:
v1 = (1, 2, 3)
User 2's voice pattern:
v2 = (2, 3, 4)
New input voice:
x = (1, 2, 3.1)
Recognize the new input voice from the existing data.
Hint:
If <z1, x> is closer to <z1,z1>, the system recognizes the voice as user 1.
DISCOURSE QUESTIONS LINK
U1 https://discourse.bitsathy.ac.in/t/unit-1-matrices/63535

U2 https://discourse.bitsathy.ac.in/t/unit-2-eigen-values-and-eigen-vectors/63536
U3 https://discourse.bitsathy.ac.in/t/unit-3-matrix-decomposition/63537
U4 https://discourse.bitsathy.ac.in/t/unit-4-vector-spaces/63538
U5 https://discourse.bitsathy.ac.in/t/unit-5-inner-product-spaces/63539