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Microprocessors Intro

The document provides a detailed overview of the evolution of microprocessors from 4-bit to 64-bit, highlighting key models such as the Intel 4004, 8080, 8086, and Pentium series. It describes their specifications, including clock speeds, transistor counts, and memory addressing capabilities. Additionally, it outlines the structure of microprocessor-based systems, including the roles of address, data, and control buses.

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3 views22 pages

Microprocessors Intro

The document provides a detailed overview of the evolution of microprocessors from 4-bit to 64-bit, highlighting key models such as the Intel 4004, 8080, 8086, and Pentium series. It describes their specifications, including clock speeds, transistor counts, and memory addressing capabilities. Additionally, it outlines the structure of microprocessor-based systems, including the roles of address, data, and control buses.

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aditya892290
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Microprocessors(21/01/2021)

Sheena S.
Evolution of a Microprocessor
4-Bit Microprocessors
8-Bit Microprocessors
16-Bit Microprocessors
32-Bit Microprocessors
64-Bit Microprocessors
Intel 4004
Introduced in 1971.

It was the first microprocessor by Intel.

It was a 4-bit µP.

Its clock speed was 740KHz.


Intel 4040
Introduced in 1974.
It was also 4-bit µP.
Its clock speed was 500KHz.
Intel 8-bit (8008)
Introduced in 1972.

It was first 8-bit µP.

Its clock speed was 500 KHz.

Could execute 50,000 instructions per second.


8080 microprocessor
Introduced in 1974.

It was also 8-bit µP.

Its clock speed was 2 MHz.

It had 6,000 transistors.

Was 10 times faster than 8008.

Could execute 5,00,000 instructions per second.


Intel 8085
Introduced in 1976.

It was also 8-bit µP.

Its clock speed was 3 MHz.

Its data bus is 8-bit and address bus is 16-bit.

It had 6,500 transistors.

Could execute 7,69,230 instructions per second.

It could access 64 KB of memory.

It had 246 instructions.


16 bit Microprocessors
Intel 8086

Introduced in 1978.It was first 16-bit µP.

Its clock speed is 4.77 MHz, 8 MHz and 10 MHz, depending on the version.

Its data bus is 16-bit and address bus is 20-bit.

It had 29,000 transistors.

Could execute 2.5 million instructions per second.

It could access 1 MB of memory, It had 22,000 instructions.


Intel 8088
Introduced in 1979.

It was also 16-bit µP.

It was created as a cheaper

version of Intel’s 8086.

It was a 16-bit processor with an 8-bit external bus.


INTEL 80186 & 80188
Introduced in 1982.

They were 16-bit µPs.

Clock speed was 6 MHz.


Intel 80286
Introduced in 1982.

It was 16-bit µP.

Its clock speed was 8 MHz.


INTEL 80386
Introduced in 1986.

It was first 32-bit µP.

Its data bus is 32-bit and address bus is 32-bit.

It could address 4GB of memory.


Intel 80486
Introduced in 1989.

It was also 32-bit µP.

It had 1.2 million transistors.

Its clock speed varied from 16 MHz to 100 MHz depending upon the various
versions.
Intel Pentium & Intel Pentium Pro
Introduced in 1993. It was also 32-bit µP.

It was originally named 80586.

Its clock speed was 66 MHz.

-------------------------------------------------------------

Introduced in 1995.

It was also 32-bit µP.


INTEL PENTIUM II & XEON
INTEL PENTIUM II, Introduced in 1997.

It was also 32-bit µP.

--------------------------------------------------------------

Introduced in 1997.

It was also 32-bit µP.


INTEL PENTIUM IV & Pentium dual core
INTEL PENTIUM IV &
Introduced in 2000.
It was also 32-bit µP.
…………………………….
Introduced in 2006.
It is 32-bit or 64-bit µP.
It has two cores.
Both the cores have there own internal bus
and L1 cache, but share the external bus and
L2 cache
64-bit µP.
Introduced in 2006. It is a 64-bit µP.

……………………………………………………….

Introduced in 2008.

It is a 64-bit µP.
Intel Core i5 Vs Intel Core i3
Introduced in 2009.

It is a 64-bit µP.

…………………………………………………………………….

Introduced in 2010.

It is a 64-bit µP.
8085 Microprocessor Features
Intel 8085 is an 8-bit microprocessor. It is a 40 pin IC package fabricated on a
single Large Scale Integration (LSI) chip

The Intel 8085 uses a single +5V DC supply for its operation. Its clock speed is
about 3MHz

It has 16 bit address bus and hence can address up to 2^16 = 65536 bytes (64KB)
memory locations through A0-A15.

The first 8 lines of address bus and 8 lines of data bus are multiplexed AD0 –
AD7. Data bus is a group of 8 lines D0 – D7.

It has 246 basic instructions and 74 opcodes


Microprocessor-based system
There are 3 Buses in Microprocessor:

(Bus is a common channel through which bits from any sources can be transferred to the destination.)

Address Bus: It is a group of conducting wires which carry addresses only. It is unidirectional, The length of
the address bus is 16 bit.

Data Bus: It is a group of conducting wired which carry data only. It is bidirectional. The length of the data bus
is 8 bit, ranging from 00 H to FF H. (H denotes Hexadecimal).

Control Bus: It is a group of conducting wires, which is used to generate timing and control signals to control
all associated peripherals, the microprocessor uses control bus to process data.some of the control signals are:
Control signals
Memory Read: Reads data (or instruction) from memory.

Memory Write: Writes data (or instruction) into memory.

I/O Read: Accepts data from input device.

I/O Write: Sends data to output device.


Bus Structure in 8085

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