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Data Visualization Class12 CBSE

The document provides an overview of data visualization using the Matplotlib library, highlighting its importance in analyzing data trends and enhancing decision-making. It covers various types of plots including line plots, bar graphs, and histograms, along with examples of how to create and customize these plots. Additionally, it includes information on saving plots and a summary table of key functions in Matplotlib.

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Ekta Verma
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2 views5 pages

Data Visualization Class12 CBSE

The document provides an overview of data visualization using the Matplotlib library, highlighting its importance in analyzing data trends and enhancing decision-making. It covers various types of plots including line plots, bar graphs, and histograms, along with examples of how to create and customize these plots. Additionally, it includes information on saving plots and a summary table of key functions in Matplotlib.

Uploaded by

Ekta Verma
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Data Visualization using Matplotlib -

Class 12 CBSE Notes


1. Introduction to Data Visualization
Data visualization is the graphical representation of data and information using visual
elements like charts, graphs, and plots.

Importance:

 - Helps in analyzing data trends and patterns.


 - Makes data interpretation easier.
 - Enhances decision-making based on visual insights.

2. Matplotlib Library
Importing Matplotlib:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

3. Types of Plots

A. Line Plot
Used to represent continuous data over intervals like time, distance, etc.

Example:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt


x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y = [10, 20, 25, 30, 35]
plt.plot(x, y, color='blue', marker='o', linestyle='--')
plt.xlabel('X-Axis')
plt.ylabel('Y-Axis')
plt.title('Simple Line Plot')
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()
B. Bar Graph
Used to compare data across different categories.

Example:

subjects = ['IP', 'Math', 'English', 'Physics']


marks = [88, 92, 85, 90]
plt.bar(subjects, marks, color='purple')
plt.xlabel("Subjects")
plt.ylabel("Marks")
plt.title("Marks in Different Subjects")
plt.show()

C. Histogram
Used to show frequency distribution of continuous data (e.g. age, scores).

Example:

ages = [15, 16, 16, 17, 18, 15, 16, 17, 17, 16, 18]
plt.hist(ages, bins=4, color='orange', edgecolor='black')
plt.xlabel("Age")
plt.ylabel("Frequency")
plt.title("Age Distribution of Students")
plt.show()

4. Plot Customization
import pandas as pd

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

# Sample plot data


x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]

y = [2, 4, 6, 8, 10]

plt.plot(x, y, label='Line Plot')

# Add labels and title

plt.xlabel('X-Axis Label') # X-axis label

plt.ylabel('Y-Axis Label') # Y-axis label

plt.title('Title of the Graph') # Graph title

# Add legend and grid

plt.legend() # Legend

plt.grid(True) # Grid

plt.show() #show the plot

5. Saving a Plot

plt.savefig('plot.png')
6. Complete Example

x = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
y1 = [10, 20, 25, 30, 35]
y2 = [5, 15, 20, 25, 30]
plt.plot(x, y1, label='Line A', color='green', marker='o', linestyle='--')
plt.plot(x, y2, label='Line B', color='red', marker='s', linestyle='-.')
plt.xlabel('Time')
plt.ylabel('Values')
plt.title('Multiple Line Plot')
plt.legend()
plt.grid(True)
plt.show()

7. Summary Table
Feature Function Example
Line Plot plt.plot() plt.plot(x, y)
Bar Graph plt.bar() plt.bar(x, height)
Histogram plt.hist() plt.hist(data, bins=5)
Title plt.title() plt.title("My Plot")
Axis Labels plt.xlabel(), plt.ylabel() plt.xlabel("X")
Grid plt.grid(True)
Legend plt.legend()
Save Plot plt.savefig("file.png")

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