1ST MIDTERM REVIEW SHEET - ACADEMIC YEAR 2024 - 2025

Subject: SCIENCE – GRADE 6G

Student name: ……………………KEY…………….….… Class: ……….…………

CHAPTER 1: MAPPING EARTH

• Map: model of the Earth.

• Map View: drawn as if you’re on an area above the surface.

• Profile View: drawn as if you are looking at it from the side.

• Map Legend: shows the symbols used in the map.

• Map Scale: shows the relationship between actual distance and distance on the map.

• IMAGINARY LINES:

- Longitude: distance in degrees north or south of the equator.

- Latitude: distance in degrees east or west of Prime Meridian.

- Prime Meridian: half of the circle from the North Pole to the South Pole that passes
the Greenwich England.

- Equator: divides the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemisphere.

- International Date Line: line of longitude 180 degrees east or west of Prime Meridian.

• Time Zones: area on Earth’s surface between two Meridians where people use the
same time zones.

• TYPES OF MAPS:

- General-Use Purpose.

- Topographic Maps: shows detailed shapes of Earth’s (man-made and natural).

- Geologic Maps: shows surface geology of the mapped area.

• TYPES OF GENERAL-USE PURPOSE MAPS:

- Relief Maps: use shading and shadow to show mountains and flat area.

- Political Maps: show boundaries of countries, states and townships.

- Physical Maps: use lines, shading and color to show mountains, lakes and streams.

- Road Maps: show different kinds of roads.

- GPS (Global Positioning System): group of satellites used for navigation.

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 CHAPTER 2: EARTH IN SPACE

• Earth’s orbit is elliptical.

• Revolution: orbit of an object around another object.

• Rotation: spin of an object around its axis.

• Earth revolves around the Sun in approximately 365 days.

• Earth rotates in approximately 24 hours.

• The Earth tilts on its axis at 23.5 degrees which results to seasons.

• Equinox: Earth’s axis is tilted neither toward nor away from the Sun (Spring and Fall).

• Solstice: Earth’s axis is tilted directly toward or away from the Sun (Winter and
Summer).

• Moon: Earth's natural satellite, does not create its own light so it just reflects the
sunlight.

• Tides: periodic rise and fall oceans surfaces caused by the gravitational pull between
moon, Sun, and Earth.

• Spring Tide VS Neap Tide.

• Phases of the Moon

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• Eclipse: movement of one solar system object into the shadow of another object.

- Solar Eclipse: small part of Earth is in the Moon’s shadow.

- Lunar Eclipse: Earth’s shadow completely or partially covers the moon.

• Formation of Solar System

- Formed 4.6 billion years ago, as gravity pulled the cloud together it started to spin,
the Sun was formed and as it continued to spin it flattened and formed a disk.
Leftover dust and gas clumped together and formed rocky and icy bodies.

• Planets: orbits the Sun and no other large object is in its orbital path.

- Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.

• Dwarf Planets: orbits the Sun but it shares an orbital path with other objects.

• Asteroids: small rocky objects that orbit the Sun and can be found between Mars and
Jupiter (asteroids belt).

• Comets: small rocky, icy objects that orbit the Sun and form a tail when it melts.

• Meteoroids: small rocky particles that move through space.

- Meteor: meteoroids that enters the Earth’s surface.

- Meteorite: meteoroids that the reached the Earth’s surface.

• Stars: large sphere of hydrogen gas hot enough for nuclear reaction to happen.

• Light-year: distance light travels in one year.

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• Star System

- Solitary star (1 star)

- Binary star system (2 stars orbit on each other’s center of mass)

- Multiple star system (2 or more stars orbit the entire system)

• Galaxy: huge collection of stars, gas and dust.

• TYPES OF GALAXIES

- Spiral: shaped like disks

- Elliptical: shaped like basketballs or footballs

- Irregular: oddly shaped

• Milky Way Galaxy: galaxy in which the solar system is located, spiral galaxy and larger
than most galaxies.

• Big Bang Theory: states that the universe began from one point and has been
expanding and cooling ever since.

CHAPTER 3: OUR PLANET- EARTH

• Earth’s Systems:

- Atmosphere: mixture of gases that forms a layer

- Hydrosphere: containing all the waters

- Geosphere: solid part of the Earth

- Biosphere: contains all living things

• Layers of the Atmosphere

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• Earth’s Water

• Cryosphere: frozen portion of water on Earth’s surface.

• Minerals: naturally occuring inorganic solids that have crystals and definite chemical
compositions.

• Rocks: naturally occuring solid composed of minerals and organic matter.

• Types of Rocks

- Igneous: forms when magma cools and hardens

- Sedimentary: forms when rocks break down and form sediments

- Metamorphic: forms due to extreme temperature and pressure that changes the rock

• Earths Structure

- Crust: brittle outer layer of the geosphere

- Mantle: middle and largest layer

- Core: center of Earth (inner core and outer core)

PRACTICE

1. Differentiate the Map View and Profile View.

Map view is drawn as if you were looking down on an area from above Earth’s
surface, while a profile view is a drawing that shows an object as though you
were looking at it from the side.

2. What symbols can you see in a Map Legend?

- Lines for river

- Dotted lines for path

- Triangles for hills

- Red lines for railways.

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 3. Why are the time zones in each country different?

Because every country is located in different meridians

4. Why is GPS important?

It helps us in navigation and locating places

5. What is the effect of Earth’s rotation and revolution?

Rotation results to night and day phenomena and revolution results to one-year
phenomena.

6. What is the difference between Spring Tide and Neap Tide?

Spring tide is when the high tide is higher than usual and low tide is lower than
usual while neap tide is when high tide is lower than usual and low tide is higher
than usual.

7. How did the solar system form?

It formed when gravity pulled the cloud together it started to spin, the Sun was
formed and as it continued to spin it flattened and formed a disk. Leftover dust
and gas clumped together and formed rocky and icy bodies.

8. Differentiate the major planets from dwarf planets.

Major planets have no other large object is in its orbital path, but dwarf planets
share an orbital path with other objects

9. When do meteoroids become meteorites and meteors?

It will become meteors if it passes the Earth’s atmosphere and will become
meteorites if it reaches the Earth’s surface

10. Refer to the picture above, what can you see in each layer of the atmosphere?

The layers of the atmosphere are, troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere,

11. What is cryosphere?

Frozen part of Earth’s water

12. What’s the difference between igneous sedimentary and metamorphic rocks?

Igneous forms when forms when magma cools and hardens, sedimentary forms
when rocks break down and form sediments then compacted and cemented, and
metamorphic forms due to extreme temperature and pressure that changes the
rock

13. What can you see in each system of the Earth?

I can see the geosphere (solid part of the earth), hydrosphere (water part of the

Earth), atmosphere (air part of the Earth) and biosphere (contains the living

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 things)

14. Label the Earth’s layer.

15. Draw and label the solar system.

16. Draw and label solar eclipse and lunar eclipse.

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17. Draw and label the shapes of galaxies

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