5-3 Quantitative chemistry – Trilogy
1.0 This question is about carbonates.
1.1 Sodium carbonate, Na2CO3, is used as a water softener.
Give the number of atoms of each type in sodium carbonate.
[3 marks]
Sodium (Na) atom(s): _____________
Carbon (C) atom(s): _____________
Oxygen (O) atom(s): _____________
1.2 Calculate the relative formula mass (Mr) of sodium carbonate, Na2CO3
Relative atomic masses (Ar): Na = 23; C = 12; O = 16.
[2 marks]
Relative formula mass (Mr) of sodium carbonate =___________________
1.3 A student heated a sample of calcium carbonate.
The equation for the reaction is:
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
This is an example of thermal decomposition.
What is meant by ‘thermal decomposition’?
[2 marks]
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1.4 Both calcium carbonate and calcium oxide are white solids.
The student weighed the white solid before and after heating.
Explain why a decrease in mass was observed.
Use the equation in part 1.3 to help you answer the question.
[2 marks]
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1.5 One type of copper ore is mainly copper carbonate. When producing copper, the ore
reacts with carbon.
copper + carbon → copper + carbon
carbonate dioxide
____ tonnes 24 tonnes 254 tonnes 264 tonnes
Calculate the mass of copper carbonate needed to produce 254 tonnes of copper.
[2 marks]
Mass = _____________ tonnes
2.0 A student did an experiment to find the relative formula mass (Mr) of a gas.
The equipment used is shown in Figure 1
Figure 1
The student:
• measured the mass of the canister of gas
• filled the measuring cylinder with 1 dm3 of the gas from the canister
• measured the mass of the canister of gas again
• measured the temperature of the laboratory
• measured the air pressure in the laboratory
• repeated the experiment.
2.1 The student calculated values for the relative formula mass (Mr) of the gas.
The results are shown in the table below.
Experiment 1 2 3 4
Relative formula mass (Mr) 45.4 51.5 46.3 45.8
Calculate the mean value for these results.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
[2 marks]
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Mean = ___________________
2.2 The experiments gave different results for the relative formula mass of the gas. This
was caused by experimental error.
Suggest one experimental error that the student may have made.
[1 mark]
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2.3 Give one reasons why it is important to repeat the experiment.
[1 mark]
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3.0 A student investigated the thermal decomposition of calcium carbonate.
The equation for the reaction is:
CaCO3(s) → CaO(s) + CO2(g)
The relative formula masses (Mr) are: CaCO3 = 100; CaO = 56; CO2 = 44
Describe how this experiment could be used to provide evidence for the law of
conservation of mass.
Include in your answer:
• The method
• Which measurements should be taken
• How the student could show evidence for conservation of mass
[6 marks]
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4.0 A student made some copper sulfate crystals, CuSO4.
The student used 7.95 g of copper oxide and 100 cm3 of a 2.00 mol/dm3 solution of
sulfuric acid.
The equation for the reaction is:
CuO + H2SO4 CuSO4 + H2O
4.1 Calculate the number of moles of copper oxide in 7.95 g copper oxide.
Relative atomic masses Ar: O = 16; Cu = 63.5
[2 marks]
Answer = _______________ moles
4.2 Calculate the number of moles of sulfuric acid in 100 cm3 of 2.00 mol/dm3 sulfuric acid.
[2 marks]
Answer = _______________ moles
4.3 It is common to use an excess of one reactant.
Explain why a reactant is used in excess.
[2 marks]
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4.4 Another student made copper sulfate using 0.250 moles of copper oxide and 0.500
moles of sulfuric acid.
Calculate the maximum mass of copper sulfate which could be produced.
Give your answer to 3 significant figures.
Relative formula mass (Mr) CuSO4 = 159.5
[4 marks]
Maximum mass of copper sulfate = _______________ g
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MARK SCHEME
Qu No. Extra Information Marks
1.1 2 In this order
1
1
1
3
1
1.2 (2 x 23) + 12 + (3 x 16) 1
or
46 + 12 + 48
106 An answer of 106 without any working 1
shown gains 2 marks
1.3 Breaking down 1
Using heat 1
1.4 Carbon dioxide is produced Allow a gas is produced 1
which goes into the atmosphere 1
1.5 (254 + 264) − 24 1
or
518 – 24
494 (tonnes) An answer of 494 (tonnes) without any 1
working shown gains 2 marks
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Qu No. Extra Information Marks
2.1 (45.4 + 46.3 + 45.8) ÷ 3 Allow 46 or 45.83(33…) 1
Allow 47.3
45.8 Allow 2 marks for an answer of 45.8 1
without working
2.2 Any one from: 1
• Loss of gas or leak
• Error in measurement of volume of gas
• Error in weighing the canister / gas at
start
• Error in weighing the canister / gas at
end
• Change in temperature
Allow incorrect measurement of
• Change in pressure temperature
Allow incorrect measurement of pressure
2.3 Any one from: 1
• To check for anomalous results
Allow to find the average
• To find the mean
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Qu No. Extra Information Marks
3.0
Level 3: A coherent method is described and explained with relevant detail, which 5–6
demonstrates a broad understanding of the relevant scientific techniques and
procedures. The steps in the method are logically ordered and would lead to the
production of valid results. An explanation of the expected results is provided.
Level 2: The bulk of a method is described with mostly relevant detail, which demonstrates a 3–4
reasonable understanding of the relevant scientific techniques and procedures. The
method may not be in a completely logical sequence and may be missing some detail.
An attempted explanation of the expected results is given.
Level 1: Simple statements are made which demonstrate some understanding of some of the 1–2
relevant scientific techniques and procedures. The response may lack a logical
structure and would not lead to the production of valid results.
No relevant content 0
Indicative content
Method
• Measure mass of suitable container eg boiling tube
• Mass measured using balance
• Place calcium carbonate in boiling tube
• Measure mass of boiling tube and calcium carbonate
• Heat boiling tube and calcium carbonate
• Allow to cool
• Reweigh tube and contents
• Repeat heating, cooling and weighing until constant mass is obtained
Conservation of mass
• Identifies the conservation of mass
• Carbon dioxide produced as a gas
• Carbon dioxide escapes to the surroundings
• So mass will decrease during the reaction
• Suggests initial mass to be heated
• Use the initial mass to suggest final mass in boiling tube
• Use suggested masses to confirm law of conservation of mass
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Qu No. Extra Information Marks
4.1 7.95 7.95 1
or
16+63.5 79.5
0.1 (moles) Allow 2 marks for an answer of 0.1 1
(moles) without working
4.2 100 1
×2
1000
0.2 (moles) Allow 2 marks for an answer of 0.2 1
(moles) without working
4.3 (So that) the other reactant 1
is completely used up 1
4.4 Evidence of sulfuric acid in excess 1
or
Copper oxide limiting reagent
Moles of copper sulfate = moles of copper
oxide = 0.250 1
(Mass of copper sulfate = ) 0.25 x 159.5
1
39.9 (g)
Allow ecf for steps 2/3/4
1
Allow 4 marks for an answer of 0.2
(moles) without working
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