Modifiers

1. Read the following text and use modifiers as directed in the

blank spaces.

Afforestation is the (a)---(use an intensifier to per-modify the adjective)

beneficial program to us. We all know about (b) ---(use a determiner)
harmful effects of deforestation. Deforestation (c) ---(use a relative clause
to post-modify the noun) is one of the causes of global warming. Not only
that, it has (d) ---(use a quantifier to pre-modify the noun) negative
impacts on our daily life. Deforestation has caused the extinction of
various (e)---(pre-modify the noun) animals. On the other hand,
afforestation has a (f) ---(pre-modify the noun) impact on human life,
animals and environment. In Bangladesh, tree plantation programme is
conducted by both the government and private firms. (g) ---(use a
possessive) Sundarbans is the lar mangrove forest in the world. (h) ---(u
an infinitive phrase), public awareness is also important. We all know that
trees, (i) ---(use an appositive), provide us with food shelter, oxygen,
timber etc. They also protect us from different (j) ---(pre- modify the noun)
calamities.

Answers:

2.Nelson Mandela (a).... (use an appositive to modify noun) guided South

Africa to a (b).... (modify noun) democracy as (c).... (modify noun) icon of
peace and reconciliation, who came to embody the struggle for justice.
Imprisoned for nearly (d).... (use quantifier to modify noun) decades for
his fight against white minority Rule. Mandela (e).... (pre-modify the verb)
lost his resolve to fight for (f).... (use possessive to modify noun)
emancipation. He was determined to avoid (g).... (modify noun) war. (h)....
(modify noun with possessive) prestige and charisma helped him win in
the world support. "I hate (i).... (use noun adjective) discrimination (j)....
(use intensifier) intensely and in all its manifestations."

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3.Most of the people in (a)---(use possessive to pre-modify the noun)

country do not know the importance of English. In fact, it is an (b)---(use
an adjective to pre-modify the noun) language and we are living in a (c) -
(pre- modify the noun) village. So, if you know English (d)---(post- modify
the verb with an adverb), you can communicate with (e)--- (use the article
to pre-modify the noun phrase) rest of the world. It is surely an important
element of your (f)---(use a noun adjective to pre-modify the noun) skill.
Without the knowledge of English with proper understanding, you cannot
complete (g) - (use possessive to pre- modify the noun) higher studies
because most of the books are written in English in the process of higher
education. Poor knowledge of English will also hamper your (h) - (use a
noun-adjective) development. In short, if you do not good command of
English, you wil suffer (i)--- (post-modify the verb with prepositional
phrase/ Adverbial) of your life. So, don't waste your time and try to learn
English (j)---(post-modify the verb with an adverb) from today.

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4. I had a peculiar experience (a)---(Post- modify the verb) while travelling

to St. Martin's Island. visited the island along with my family. Zahid, (b)---
(Post-modify the noun with an appositive), was our guide. On our way to
the island, we watched (c)-- (use a determiner to pre- modify the noun)
seagulls. The (d)---(pre- modify the noun) birds were flying (e)--- (post-
modify the verb) with the ship. They became (f)---(use an intensifier to
pre- modify the adjective) dear and friendly to us. We entertained them
with chips and biscuits. (g)---them (use a present participle to pre-modify
the verb), we became (h)---(use an intensifier to pre- modify the adjective)
excited. We decided (i)---(use an infinitive phrase to post- modify the verb)
in the idyllic island for a couple of days. We can never forget (j) (use a
demonstrative to pre-modify the adjective phrase) lovely sea birds.

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5.Rabindranath Tagore was a (a)--- (pre-modify the noun) poet of Bengali

literature. He was born in a (b)--- (pre-modify the noun) family at
Jarasanko, Kolkata. He went to school (c)--- (post- modify the verb). He
wrote his (d)---(pre- modify the noun) verse at the age of eight. At the age
of seventeen, he went to London (e)--- (post-modify the verb with an
infinitive) school there. He was put up in a lodging house under the care of
a (f)--- (pre-modify the noun) coach, Mr Scott. He was lucky (g)---(post-
modify the adjective with an infinitive) an English family of Mr Scott. He
also visited the House of Parliament (h)--- (post-modify the verb with an
infinitive) Gladstone and John Bright's debates on Irish rule. He wrote
letters to Kolkata (i)---(post-modify the verb with a present participle)
English society. At this, his family thought that they might lose their son
(j)--- (postmodify the verb). So, he was called back to Kolkata.

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6. Sabbir is (a)--- (use determiner to pre- modify the noun phrase) ideal
student. He prepares (b) (use possessive to pre- modify the noun) lessons
in collaboration with his teachers. He does (c)---(post- modify the verb) in
every examination as he does not waste time. He knows time once lost is
lost forever. So, he utilizes every moment. During his free time, he goes to
his native village. He teaches (d)--- (pre-modify the noun) people. He
wants (e)---(use an infinitive phrase to post- modify the verb) illiteracy
from his village. (f)--- (use a present participle to pre- modify the verb)
illiteracy from his village, he wants to bring about massive development
there. He is (g)---(use an intensifier to premodify the adjective) devoted to
God. He says prayer (h)---(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) times a
day. He never tells a lie. He respects his parents very much. Other
superiors are also respected by him. His father, (i)--- (post-modify the
noun phrase with a appositive) supports him cordially. His mother, an ideal
housewife, (j)------(pre- modify the verb) supports him very much. Such a
student like Sabbir is rarely found nowadays.

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7. The roads (a)---(use an adjective phrase to post-modify the noun) are

beset with problems. (b)---(pre-modify the noun) driving is one of them.
Most of the drivers are not (c)--- (pre-modify the participle) trained. They
are not well educated. They can (d)---(use an adverb to pre-modify the
verb) put their signature and read Bengali. They are indifferent to (e) -
(use a noun adjective) life. They do not realize that life is (f)---(use a
determiner) valuable than time. They drive (g)---(post modify the verb).
They do (h)---(use an adverb to pre- modify the verb) drive consciously.
Even they themselves are not conscious of (ⅰ)- (use a possessive) own
lives. They drive (j)---(use an adverb phrase to post-modify the verb) and
try to overtake others.

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8. A library is a (a) - (pre-modify the noun) of knowledge. The students (b)

- (use a participle) to all classes visit it in their library periods. Our college
library is housed in two rooms. (c) - (pre-modify the noun) almirahs are
placed in one room. The other room is the (d) - (use a participle to modify
the noun) room where magazines, journals and newspapers are placed.
There are about five thousand books in our library which are arranged (e)
(post-modify the verb). Any type of book can be traced in no time. The
books cater to the needs and interests (f) - (use a prepositional phrase).
There are two separate sections in the library. One of them contains
reference books like (g) (use nouns) etc. The other section contains books
(h) - (use prepositional phrase). Every student has a library (i) (use a
noun). The reading room is always crowded (j) - (post-modify the verb)
afternoon.

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9. In almost every country of the world unemployment is one of the (a)

(pre-modify another adjective) social and economic problems of the day. It
exists not only in the developed countries but also in the (b) (use a
participle to pre-modify the noun) countries. The word "unemployment"
means without any job or work by (c) (use relative pronoun to post-modify
the noun) one can earn his livelihood. When a man has a job or a work for
(d) (use possessive to pre-modify the noun) living, he is employed and
when he has no job, he is unemployed. Bangladesh is now (e) (post-
modify the verb) facing this problem. The causes of (f) (use a noun
adjective to pre-modify the noun) problem are many. (g) (pre-modify the
noun) mills and factory were not built and we had been ill fed and ill clad.
Even after independence, governments failed (h) (use infinitive to post-
modify the noun) new industries and factories. (i)--(use a noun adjective
to pre-modify the noun) industiles have almost decayed. Capital (j) (use
past participle to post-modify the noun) in cottage industries is always at
a risk.

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10. Corruption is dishonesty (a) (use a participle to post-modify the noun)

by people in position or power. We find (b) (use a demonstrative to pre-
modify the noun) dishonesty in almost all sectors of our life, society and in
government departments. At present corruption has been so (c) (pre-
modify the verb) rooted in our national life that it becomes a curse.
Businessmen, doctors, lawyers, service holders, teachers, politicians,
engineers are (d) (post- modify the verb). We increase the problem (e)
(use a participle to post-modify the verb) bribes. We do not want our
papers (f) (use an infinitive to post-modify the verb) stuck in the piles of
dusty files. Thus corruption is spreading (g) (use an adverb to post-modify
the verb) like cancer. The corrupt people flourish at the expense of the
society and the nation (h) (use an adverb to post-modify the verb). This
malpractice should be stopped (i) (use an adverb post- modify the verb).
Corruption is ingrained in human nature (j) (use a participle to post-modify
the noun) power and pelf in pursuit of happiness.

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11.Beauty is (a) (use determiner) creation of art. But it is very difficult (b)
beauty. We may (c) (infinitive phrase) (pre-modify the verb) appreciate it.
Beauty may not be identified (d) (post-modify the verb) or objectively. It
may depend on (e) (use possessive) sense of perfection. Another problem
is that ugliness has (f) (use possessive) beauty too. Now the question
arises whether beauty and ugliness are the (g) (pre-modify the noun)
parts of art. Poet and artists have infused both in (h) (use possessive)
works. They say that (i) -- (use quantifiers) truths are always objects of
beauty. There are two poems on beauty written by two poets of (i) (pre-
modify the noun) ages.

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12. It is said that the other name of (a) (use an adjective to pre-modify the
noun) water is life. By drinking, we quench (b) (use possessive to pre-
modify the noun) thirst. So we need pure water (c) (use infinitive to post-
modify the verb) on the earth. But (d) (use participle to pre-modify the
noun) water is life-killing. By drinking unsafe water, we suffer from (e)
(use quantifier to pre-modify the noun) diseases. We may (f) (use pre-
modify the verb) face (g) (pre-modify the noun) death by taking
contaminated water. We are responsible for (h) (use demonstrative)
pollution. So, (i) modify the noun) awareness is necessary (j) (infinitive)
water pollution.

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13. Water is a (a) - (pre- modify the noun) substance. It has no colour of
(b) -- (possessive to pre modify) own. The (c) (determiner to pre-modify
the noun) name of water is life. By drinking water, we can quench (d) -
(possessive to pre-modify the noun) thirst. Thus we can survive on earth.
But (e) - (pre-modify the noun) water is life killing. By drinking
contaminated water, we suffer from diseases like diarrhoea, typhoid etc.
We may (1) - (pre-modify the verb) face (g) (pre-modify the noun) death
by drinking such type of water. We are djectives responsible for (h) --
(noun adjective to premodify the noun) pollution. (i) - (pre-modify the
noun) awareness should be raised to stop water pollution.

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14.Education (a) - (use appositive to post-modify the noun) is essential for

development. We can improve (b) - (possessive to pre- modify the noun)
mind. An (c) (adjective to pre-modify the noun) person has the ability (d) -
(infinitive phrase). One can refine one's sensibility (e) - (present participle
phrase). Actually, the educated are able to bring about (f) - (pre-modify
the noun) development. On the other.. hand, an (g) - (pre-modify the
noun) person (h) - (adverb to pre-modify the verb) lag behind. So, the
educated should come forward (i) (prepositional phrase) educating all in
the society to unload (i) - (use determiner) owes to the country.

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15. . It is difficult (a) (post-modify the adjective with an infinitive) in

Bangladesh if you do not have any experience of driving here. Drivers
change lanes (b) - (post- modify the verb). As a foreigner you may find (c)
- (pre-modify the noun) changing without signals quite distressing. Many
drivers are not at all aware of (d) - (pre-modify the noun) signals. Auto
rickshaws and rickshaws move in and out in a (e) -- (pre- modify the noun)
way. They try (f) (post-modify the verb with an infinitive) wherever they
find some space. Sometimes drivers drive (g) -- (post-modify the verb) to
reach their destinations. This often causes serious (h) - (pre-modify the
noun with a noun-adjective) accidents. (i) - (pre- modify the verb with a
present participle phrase), it is not easy to move with your car here. If you
want to move (j) -- (post-modify the verb), you have to practice driving for
some

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