18CSE357T – BIOMETRICS
Unit –2 : Session –7 : SLO -2
SRM Institute of Science and Technology 1
Iris Segmentation, normalization and
Maaching
Introduction
⚫ iris biometric becomes a newest technology in the
security technologies after fingerprint. The iris of
each eye is unique.
⚫ The process of capturing the iris image is called as
enrolment.
⚫ There are several devices for enrolment process
such as iris sensor, DSLR camera and mobile iris
camera.
⚫ There are four stages for iris recognition;
segmentation, normalization, encoding and matching.
Each stage applies a different technique.
Introductio
n
⚫ Iris segmentation refers to the process of extracting
features that provide information of iris pattern. It is a
process that when iris recognition begins with finding
an iris in an image, detecting the upper and lower
eyelid boundaries if they were bar, and detecting and
excluding any superimposed eyelashes or the
reflection from the cornea or eyeglasses.
Introduction
⚫ Normalization refers to preparing a segmented iris
image for the encoding process.
⚫ The next stage is the encoding technique, where the
iris code is generated.
⚫ Then, the iris code is stored in the database and it is
useful for the verification process or matching.
Introduction
⚫ The main idea is to implement the segmentation
technique using iris pattern for identification.
⚫ This leads to high reliability for personal identification
and at the same time, the difficulty in effectively
representing such details in an image.
Introduction
⚫ This study experiments the differences of the two
techniques based on the accuracy and performance
parameters.
⚫ The parameter which measures the performance is
False Acceptance Rate (FAR) and False Rejection
Rate (FRR).
⚫ iris gives different value in each image of iris.
⚫ several segmentation techniques are discussed, such
as Hough Transform, and Integro-Diffential Operator.
SEGMENTATION
⚫ Segmentation is a process of acquiring information
from the iris image. The information of the eye is
focused on iris part and the other part is ignored as
shown in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Image of Iris
⚫ Most of the researchers use Hough Transform and
Daugman’s Integro-Diffential Operator technique to
segment the iris.
A. Iris Segmentation
⚫ The iris is segmented using Integro-Differential
Operators.
⚫ Iris has been preferred due to its accuracy, reliability
and simplicity as compared to other biometric
modality .
⚫ Iris segmentation refers to the process of
automatically detecting the pupil and limbus
boundaries of an iris in a given image . This process
helps in extracting features from the discriminative
texture of the iris, while excluding the surrounding
⚫ In Hough Transform is used to locate the region of
interest.
⚫ Feature extraction is performed with an application
of Laplacian of Gaussian filters at different
resolutions.
⚫ Then the Hough Transform technique is applied to
find the circular iris.
⚫ Other algorithms can be used for iris segmentation.
B. Iris Normalization
⚫ The human has different characteristics which the
behavioral traits can be used in biometric
characteristic.
⚫ The algorithm could detect the iris database which
provides samples of trained data.
⚫ the computational time has been reduced by 0.3342
sec which means the proposed algorithm has
improved the performance parameters.
IMPLEMENTATION
A. Experimental Design
⚫ The research experiment is conducted using Matlab
R2010a.
⚫ the process flow for iris recognition is shown in
Figure 2.
IMPLEMENTATION
⚫ In the normalization stage, the image of iris is
gathered by reducing the errors and a rectangular
shape of segmented iris is produced. The
normalization process is illustrated as in Figure 4.
IMPLEMENTATION
⚫ Using Hough Transform, there is a scheme to detect
and match the iris code in the database compared to
live iris code during verification stage.
⚫ However, Integro-Differential Operator do not has
this feature.
⚫ The output from the normalization technique is stored
into the database in two forms; pixel values and iris
code.
IMPLEMENTATION
⚫ The final step is matching the iris code by using the
iris feature stored in the system. The matching is
carried out by measuring the distance between two
images of iris code.
⚫ In this work, the Hamming Distance (HD) is used to
measure the distance between of two iris code
IMPLEMENTATION
B. Segmentation Techniques Evaluation
⚫ In this work, we are focusing on the iris
segmentation technique, Hough Transform and
Integro-differential Operator.
⚫ In iris segmentation research, accurate boundaries
are needed to normalize and match iris image with
the database.
⚫ The diagram of iris recognition is shown in Figure 5.
IMPLEMENTATION
IMPLEMENTATION
⚫ Hough Transforms technique is used for detecting the
iris and pupil boundaries.
⚫ Circular Hough Transform is to localize iris
boundaries. The Hough Transform searches the
optimum parameters of following:
IMPLEMENTATION
⚫ Where h(xj,yj,x0,y0,r) = (xj-x0)2 + (yj-y0)2 - r2 for edge
point (xj, yj ) , j = 1...,n.
⚫ However, in table 1, the error from the original iris is
removed using the white noise for better image
performance.
IMPLEMENTATION
IMPLEMENTATION
⚫ The Integro-differential Operator is based on the
fact that the illumination difference between inside
and outside of pixels in iris edge circle is
maximum.
⚫ The algorithm for locating inner and outer
boundaries an iris via the following optimization:
⚫ Where I(x,y) containing an iris image.
⚫ Integro-differential Operator actually behaves as
a circular edge detector.
IMPLEMENTATION
⚫ The Integro-differential
Operator searches the
gradient maximum over the
3D parameter
space, thus, there was no
need to use any threshold
as the traditional canny
edge detector.
⚫ Integro-differential Operator
suggests that the radius of
the pupillary boundary can
range from 0.1 to 0.8 of the
limbus boundary radius.
IMPLEMENTATION
⚫ Based on the experiment, the Integro-differential
technique is not computationally efficient, because
the search area in a couple of parts has been
reduced, and the elimination of errors due to
reflections in the eye image has not been
implemented. This will be discussed further in the
next section.
