MICROBIOLOGY PAPER 1
UNIT 1 - GENERAL MICROBIOLOGY
ESSAY
1. Define sterilization. Explain the principle of an autoclave and give examples of items
sterilized in an autoclave {****}
2. Define sterilization. Classify the methods of sterilization. Write briefly on the various types of
moist heat sterilization {**}
3. Discuss about the biological effects mediated by complement products
4. Explain in detail with diagram about various structures of bacterial cell
SHORT NOTES
1. Gaseous disinfectants
2. Antibiotic sensitivity testing {*}
3. Autoclaves/principle and items sterilized in the autoclaves {***}
4. Hot air oven {***}
5. Differential media
6. Chemical methods of sterilization {**}
7. Transport media
8. Blood agar
9. Transduction electron microscopy
10. HEPA filter
11. Bacterial transformation
12. Moist heat sterilization
13. Bacterial growth curve {*}
14. Demonstration and function of bacterial capsule
15. Growth requirement for bacteria
16. Alternative complement pathway
17. PCR {*}
18. Koch’s phenomenon
19. Anaerobic media
20. Bacterial spores
21. Plasmid
22. Anaerobic cultivation methods
23. Bacterial cell wall
24. Flagella
25. Transferable drug resistance
ULTRA SHORT NOTES
1. Bacterial capsule {***}
2. Bacterial fimbriae
3. Flagella of bacteria {*}
4. Transferrable drug resistance {*}
5. Robert Koch {*}
6. List two discoveries of Louis Pasteur
MICROBIOLOGY PAPER 1
7. Name one gram negative bacteria producing exotoxins
8. Give an example for selective media
9. Name two non sporing anaerobes
10. Molecular classification
11. Hand wash
12. Pasteurisation of milk {*}
13. Any four differences between mutational and transferrable drug resistance {**}
14. Define transduction
15. Mention two liquid media used for anaerobic culture {**}
16. Tyndallisation
17. Chocolate agar
18. Transport medium
19. Describe alternative complement pathway
20. Transformation
21. Transport media
22. Name four nosocomial pathogens
23. Oxidase test
24. Koch’s postulates
25. Precipitation
26. Robertson’s cooked meat medium
27. Bacterial spores
28. Formaldehyde
29. Gas plasma sterilizer
30. Health care associated infections
31. Atopy
32. Selective media
33. Dark field microscope
34. Zoonosis
35. Bacterial vaccines
36. LJ medium
37. Anti-biogram
38. Mutational drug resistance
39. Chemical disinfection
40. Louis Pasteur
41. McIntosh fildes jar
MICROBIOLOGY PAPER 1
UNIT 2 – IMMUNOLOGY
ESSAY
1. Define and classify immunity. Describe acquired immunity {**}
2. Discuss the structure and functions of immune system
3. Define immunity. Explain active immunity in detail {*}
4. Define and classify auto immunity. Write in detail about SLE
5. Define and classify hyper sensitivity, write in detail about type 1 and 4 hypersensitivity
reactions/anaphylactic mechanisms {****}
6. What is immunity? Explain different types of immunity with suitable examples
SHORT NOTES
1. Structure and function of IgA {**}
2. CD4 cells {*}
3. Major histocompatibility complex
4. Structure and functions of IgM {**}
5. Cell mediated immunity {**}
6. Passive immunity {*}
7. Haptens
8. IgG {***}
9. ELISA {***}
10. Graft vs Host reaction {*}
11. Delayed hypersensitivity
12. Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction {*}
13. Immunofluorescence
14. Innate immunity
15. Allograft
16. Monoclonal antibodies
17. T-Lymphocytes
18. Immunoglobulins
19. Auto-immune disorders
20. Type 1 hypersensitivity reactions
ULTRA SHORT NOTES
1. Adjuvants {*}
2. IgA
3. Opsonisation
4. Give two examples of antigen presenting cells
5. IgM {*}
6. BCG vaccine {*}
7. Lymphokines
8. Hyperacute rejection reaction
9. Tumour antigens
MICROBIOLOGY PAPER 1
10. Immunoflourescence test {*}
11. Principle of elisa
12. Mechanism of autoimmunity
13. Histocompatibilty antigens
14. Name two killed vaccines
15. Name four properties of IgG
16. Western blot
17. Coomb’s test
18. Type 4 hypersensitivity reaction
19. Innate immunity
20. IgE
21. IgA
22. ELISA uses
MICROBIOLOGY PAPER 1
UNIT 3 – SYSTEMIC BACTERIOLOGY
ESSAY
1. Write about cultural characters and lab diagnosis of bacillus anthracis {*}
2. Write a morphology, pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of staphylococcus aureus {*}
3. Write about the cultural characters and lab diagnosis of yersenia pestis
4. Enumerate the causative agents of pyrexia of unknown origin. Describe the different
methods used in lab diagnosis of enteric fever {**}
5. Describe pathogenesis, lab diagnosis of tuberculosis/pulmonary tuberculosis {****}
6. Describe pathogenesis, lab diagnosis of diphtheria
7. Classify enterobacteriaciae. Write the pathogenesis, disease caused and lab diagnosis of
salmonella typhi infections {*****}
8. Classify vibrio. Describe the lab diagnosis of cholera {***}
9. Morphology, culture antigenicity, pathogenesis and lab diagnosis of treponema pallidum
10. List out the causative microorganisms of pyogenic meningitis. Discuss the pathogenesis and
lab diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis
11. Enumerate sexually transmitted diseases. Explain the lab diagnosis of syphilis
12. Describe in detail about the lab diagnosis of leptospirosis
SHORT NOTES
1. Atypical mycobacteria {*****}
2. Lab diagnosis of typhoid/enteric fever {**}
3. Proteus species
4. Listeria monocytogenes
5. Lab diagnosis of leptospirosis {****}
6. Bordetella pertussis
7. Bacterial flagella {**}
8. Morphology of cornibacterium diphtheria
9. Pathogenesis of cholera {*}
10. Pneumococci
11. Legionellosis
12. Classification of streptococci {*}
13. Pseudomembranous colitis
14. MRSA
15. Lab diagnosis of treponema pallidum
16. Morphology and pathogenesis of clostridium tetani
17. Eleks gel precipitation test
18. Helicobacter pylori {**}
19. non-suppurative complications of streptococcal infections
20. lab diagnosis of gas gangrene
21. hemophilus influenza {**}
22. VDRL test
23. Primary atypical pneumonia
24. Naeglers reaction
MICROBIOLOGY PAPER 1
25. Widal test {*}
26. Typhoid carrier
27. Halophilic vibrio
28. Coagulase test {*}
29. Botulism
30. Plague
31. Lymphogranuloma venerum
32. TRIC agent
33. V.Parahemolyticus
34. Gonococci
35. Q-Fever
36. Enteropathogenic E.coli
37. Toxins produced by staphylococcus aureus
38. SLE
39. Pathogenesis of gas gangrene
40. Non-specific test for syphilis
41. Mycobacterium leprae
42. Enterotoxigenic E.coli
43. Streptococcus pneumonia
44. Diarrhoeogenic E.coli
45. Prophylaxis against tetanus
46. Toxic shock syndrome
ULTRA SHORT NOTES
1. Lancefield grouping of streptococci
2. Bacillary dysentery
3. Malignant pustule {**}
4. Pseudomonas aeruginosa {*}
5. Clostridium difficle
6. Plasmids {**}
7. Naeglers reaction
8. Clostridium tetanae
9. Helicobacter pylori {***}
10. Methicllin resistant staphylococci {**}
11. Cholera red reaction {*}
12. Water house fredrickson syndrome
13. Toxic shock syndrome {***}
14. Serratia marscecenes
15. Non-suppurative complications of streptococcus pyogenes
16. Prophylaxis against tetanus {**}
17. Animal model used for mycobacterium leprae
18. List two enzymes of staphylococcus aureus
19. Extended spectrum beta lactamases
20. Nag vibrios
21. Bac tec method
MICROBIOLOGY PAPER 1
22. Satellitism {**}
23. Legionella pneumophilia
24. Mention the four species of shigella
25. Mention the four groups of atypical mycobacteria {*}
26. Mycoplasma pneumonia
27. Iatrogenic infections
28. Serum sickness
29. Relapsing fever
30. Morphology of bacillus anthracis
31. Bile solubility test
32. Mantoux test {*}
33. Coagulase test {*}
34. Rat bite fever
35. Anti-streptolysin “O” test
36. What is prozone phenomenon and what is its importance in clinical serology?
37. Negative staining
38. Quellung reaction {*}
39. Diarrhoeagenic esterichia coli
40. Group D streptococci
41. Weil felix test
42. Name four causative agents of bacterial meningitis
43. Name four virulence factors in bacteria
44. Mc-fadyean‘s reaction
45. Non gonococcal urethritis
46. Mycoplasma
47. Ghon complex
48. Clamidiae pneumonia
49. Scrub typhus {*}
50. Widal test
51. Atypical mycobacteria
52. Typhoid vaccines
53. Prophylaxis against diphtheria
54. Morphology of streptococcus pneumonia
55. Lyme’s disease
EXTRA
1. Lab diagnosis of Urinary tract infections ( clinical microbiology) (SN)
2. Urinary tract infections ( clinical microbiology) (SN)
3. Name four nosocomial pathogens (clinical microbiology) (USN)
4. Madhura mycotic foot (virology) (USN)
5. Western blot test (virology) (USN)
6. Health care associative infection (clinical microbiology) (USN)
