Course: RRB GROUP - D Study Material

Subject: Static GK
Topic: Static GK ( Part 1)
Table of Contents
Important Dance State Wise...........................................................................................................2
An important monument of India.................................................................................................37
Folk Music Instruments of India....................................................................................................63
Folk paintings................................................................................................................................64
Famous Monasteries In India........................................................................................................72

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Important Dance State Wise

Arunachal Pradesh

Folk Dance Tribe/Community Festival/Occasion

Pasi Kongki Adi Tribe Depicts social work of Pasi, performed

to the tune of Aabang.

Yak Dance Performed by multiple Performed during the Losar Festival

tribes (Adi, Monpa, (Tibetan New Year) to honor the Yak.
etc.)

Aji Lhamo Monpa Tribe Performed during the Losar Festival in

Tawang district.

Ponung Adi Tribe A harvest dance performed by the Adi

tribal community.

Buiya Digaru Mishmi Tribe Performed during festivals like

Tazampu, Duiya, and Tanuya.

Wancho Wancho Tribe Performed during Oriah festival,

Dance celebrated in spring (March and April).

Daminda Apatani Tribe Performed during the Dree Festival,

Dance marking the beginning of rice planting
season. Prayers for a good harvest and
protection from calamities.

Khampti Khampti Community Performed during Potwah, Sankian, or

Dance Khamsang religious festivals.

Popir Dance Galo Tribe Performed during the Mopi Festival.

Rikhampada Nishi Tribe Performed by the Nishi tribe of Lower

Subansiri district.

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Chalo Dance Nocte Tribe Performed during the Chalo Loku

festival, celebrated in October and
November.

Bardo Chham Sherdukpens Dance of the Zodiacs, based on the

Community belief of twelve evils corresponding to
twelve months of the year, during their
festival.

Idu Mishmi Idu Mishmi Tribe Fertility and ritual dances performed by
Dances the Idu Mishmi people.

Lion and Monpa Tribe Performed during celebrations by the

Peacock Monpa tribe.
Dance

Tapu Dance Adi Tribe War dance performed during the

Unying Aran festival.

Assam

Folk Dance Tribe/Community Festival/Occasion

Bagurumba Bodo Community Also called the "butterfly dance,"

performed to personify the movements of
butterflies and birds.

Bhaona Assamese Community Theatre form with plays known as Ankiya

Nats, created by Srimanta Sankardeva,
performed in the early 16th century.

Bihu Dance Assamese Community Performed during the Bihu festival

(Rongali Bihu, Bohang Bihu), a key part of
Assamese culture.

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Jhumur Tea Tribal Communities Performed during the harvest season and
festivals like Karam Puja and Tushu Puja.

Maruni Magar, Gurung, Kirat, Performed during weddings, and as part

Khas Communities of Dashain and Tihar festivals.

Bhortal Barpeta Tribe A fast-paced dance performed with a beat

Dance called 'Zhiya Nom'.

Deodhani Various Communities Performed by 1-4 women to honor

Manasa, the snake goddess. It is a
Shaman folk dance.

Ali-Ali Mishing Tribe Associated with agriculture, performed to

Ligang reflect the significance of the harvest
season.

Andhra Pradesh

Folk Dance Tribe/Community Festival/Occasion

Veeranatyam Performed by local Performed to honor Lord Shiva, known

dancers as the "dance of bravery."

Burra Katha Jangam Katha Oral storytelling technique performed

Tradition during Dussehra or Sankranti, narrating
events from the Ramayana and
Mahabharat.

Dappu Nrityam Andhra Pradesh, Popular dance form performed using a

Telangana tambourine-like drum called 'Dappu.'

Bhamakalpam Performed by A devotional dance form created by

devotional dancers Siddhendra Yogi in the 17th century.

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Butta Tanuku region, West Popular dance form from the Tanuku
Bommalu Godavari District region of Andhra Pradesh.

Tappeta Gullu Andhra Pradesh Dance performed to invoke the Rain

God, with vigor, rhythm, and tempo.

Bonalu Female dancers Female dancers balance pots on their

heads and perform to rhythmic beats.

Dhimsa Porja Caste Women Tribal dance performed primarily by

women of the Porja caste.

Kolannalu Andhra Pradesh Stick dance also known as Kolattam, a

popular folk dance among people of
Andhra Pradesh.

Vilasini Devadasis (Telugu Devotional dance form practiced by the

Natyam community) Devadasis (also called Devadasi dance).

Lambadi Dance Banjara Community Folk dance performed to impress gods

for a good harvest.

Kalapam Andhra Pradesh Dance-drama with a moral lesson,

typically performed as a mono-play
with a main person and a supporting
character.

Gobbi Dance Coastal Regions of Performed during Sankranti festival,

Andhra Pradesh when houses are cleaned and
courtyards decorated with 'rangavalli.'

Bathukamma Andhra Pradesh Performed during the Bathukamma

Dance festival, a floral festival celebrating
womanhood and nature.

Dandaria Gond Tribe, Northern Stick dance performed by the Gond

Dance Hyderabad District tribe.

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Mathuri Dance Mathuri Tribe Tribal dance performed during the

month of Shravana, with both men and
women participating.

Bihar

Folk Dance Tribe/Community Festival/Occasion

Chaiti Dance Men in Bihar Performed with bodies smeared with

‘ramras’.

Jhijhiya Mithila and Bhojpura Performed by a group of young women

regions, Bihar dancers, offering prayers to Lord Indra
for a good monsoon and harvest.

Bidesiya Western Bihar, A folk theatrical performance based on

Bhojpuri community the drama Bidesiya, written by Bhikhari
Thakur.

Jat-Jatin Mithila and Koshi Performed on moonlit nights during the

regions monsoon season.

Jadur Oraons Tribe Performed during Sarhul festival,

symbolizing fertility, vitality, and
devotion to the sun god.

Biraha Dance Bihar (also performed Depicts the anguish of women whose
in Jharkhand, UP) partners are away, a derivative of Biraha
is Bidesiya dance.

Kajari Dance Bihar Welcomes the monsoon season,

performed during the months of Shravan
and Bhandrapad.

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Jhumar Rural women in Bihar Performed by women with men

Dance providing musical accompaniment.

Bhojpuri Magadh region, Bihar Performed to welcome the spring

Jhumar season.

Magahi Magadh region, Bihar Presented as a duet, a form of Jhumar

Jhumar dance.

Jharni Dance Julaha Community Ritualistic dance performed during

Muharram.

Sohar Bihar (Performed by Celebrates the birth of a child.

Khelwana women)

Kishan Nritya Farmers of Bihar Expression of pride by farmers.

Natua Dance Bihar Begins with an item called the "Natua

Kachal".

Karma Dance Bihar Represents the Karma tree, symbolizing

fortune and good luck.

Rajgir Dance Bihar An annual three-day event held in Rajgir,

Mahotsav Bihar, first held in 198.

Domkach Mithila, Bhojpur Performed in Mithila and Bhojpur

Dance regions, Jharkhand regions of Bihar, and also in Jharkhand as
Nagpuri folk dance.

Chhattisgarh

Folk Dance Tribe/Community Festival/Occasion

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Suwa Dance Gonds Tribe Performed by women on the occasion of

(Parrot Goura’s marriage, with dancers forming
Dance) a circle around a parrot in a bamboo
pot.

Thapati Dance Korku Tribes Performed in the month of Vaishakh,

using instruments like Dholak and flute.

Raut Nacha Yadavas Tribe Performed after Diwali during “dev

(Descendants of udhni ekadashi” as a ceremonial dance.
Krishna)

Panthi Dance Satnami Community Performed on Maghi Purnima, depicting

the importance of Durg district and the
birth anniversary of Guru Baba Ghasidas.

Gaur Maria Bastar Region Performed during marriages in the

Dance (Chhattisgarh) Bastar plateau.

Saila Dance Boys (Chhattisgarh) Performed after the harvest season in

the Hindu month of Aghan
(November-December).

Pandavani Chhattisgarh A ballad that portrays the account of the

Dance Pandavas, with narration styles of
Vedamati and Kapalik.

Jhirliti Dance Bastar Region Performed by kids in a Halloween-like

(Chhattisgarh) ritual.

Gendi Dance Muria Tribe (Bastar) Dancers perform on two long bamboo
poles, focusing on balance.

Rahas Dhamtari District A modern folk dance focused on the

(Chhattisgarh) immortal love story of Lord Krishna and
Radha.

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Chaitra Gonds of Bastar Performed after the harvest to thank

Festival Dance District goddess Annapurna for the crop and
seek blessings for the next harvest.

Sarhul Dance Oraon Tribe Traditional dance of the Oraon tribe,

performed during the Sarhul festival.

Goa

Folk Dance Tribe/Community Festival/Occasion

Fugdi Konkan Women Performed during festivals like Ganesh

Dance Chaturthi, Dhalo festival, and Vrata of
Goddess Mahalakshmi.

Kunbi Kunbi Community Women perform lamp dance during the

Dance Shigmo festival, holding lamps on their
heads.

Morulem Backward Traditional folk dance presented during the

Community Shigmo festival.

Ranmale Folk Theatre Performed during the Holi festival (Shigmo)

based on mythological stories from the
Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Zemmado Dhangar Community Women imitate the actions of goats in this

dance.

Tarangamel Goa Performed during Dussehra and Holi

festivals.

Dhalo Women-only Associated with the fertility of the earth.

Dance

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Goff Goa Celebrates a bountiful harvest with songs

dedicated to Lord Krishna.

Romta Mel Goa A thanksgiving dance performed in a

serpentine procession to a temple.

Ghode Goa A warrior dance commemorating the victory

Modni of the Ranes over the Portuguese in Sattari
taluka.

Dashavatar Goa A theatre form where performers personify

the ten incarnations of Lord Vishnu.

Dekhni Goa A semi-classical dance form of Goa.

Corridinho Portuguese-influenc A couple dance form from Portuguese

ed traditions performed in Goa.

Lamp Goa Usually performed during the Shigmo

Dance festival, with women holding lamps on their
heads.

Shigmo Goa A spring festival dance celebrating the new

crops.

Romat Goa A folk dance and procession performed in

Dance March during the Singma festival.

Musal Chandor (Ancient Performed during harvest time using

Dance Goa Capital) pounding sticks by the people of Chandor.

Gujarat

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

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Garba Women Performed during the nine-day Navaratri

festival, and also during the Holi spring
festival.

Dandiya Raas General Public Socio-religious dance performed during

Navratri evenings, believed to celebrate
Goddess Durga's victory over
Mahishasura.

Modhera General Public Celebrated annually after Uttarayan at the

Dance Modhera temple, dedicated to the Sun
Festival God, honoring the earth's rotation.

Vinchhudo General Public A folk dance showing strong belief in

superstition.

Gheria Tribal People Performed during Diwali to worship Mataji

(Goddess Amba), wearing brightly colored
clothes and marigold garlands.

Tippani Chorwad Region, Performed during festivals and marriages

Saurashtra in the Chorwad region of Gujarat.

Padhar Dance Padhar Community Performed by fishermen along the banks

of Nal Sarovar in the Bhal region.

Hoodo Bharwad Tribe Performed at the Tarnetar Fair in

Surendranagar, popular among the
Panchal region of Gujarat.

Hallisaka General Public A group dance from the Harivamsa

Purana, significant in religious context,
pioneered by Lord Krishna.

Dangi Nritya Dangs District A tribal dance form native to the Dangs
district of Gujarat.

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Matukadi Rabari and Bharvad Performed by the Rabari and Bharvad

Communities communities.

Siddi Dhamal Siddi Communities Performed by men of the Siddi

communities in Jafrabad and Jambur,
brought from East Africa.

Rathwa ni Rathwa Tribe A tribal dance performed during the Holi

Gher festival, also known as the Kavant festival.

Haryana

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Phag Dance General Public Performed during the Hindu month of

Phalguna (February–March) to celebrate the
festival of Holi in the harvest season.

Jhumar Young Married Performed by young married women, with

Women subtypes such as Satluj Jhumar, Beas Jhumar,
Chenab Jhumar, Multani Jhumar, and
Jhoomar Taari.

Ratvai Dance Mewati Tribes Performed during the monsoons to the

accompaniment of large drums.

Chhathi General Public Performed on the sixth day after the birth of
Dance a male child.

Khoria Dance General Public A collective dance style from Jhumar,

performed exclusively by women.

Gugga Dance Men Performed by men during a procession in

memory of saint Gugga.

Loor Dance General Public Performed around the Holi festival, popular
in Bangar and Bagar regions during Phalguna
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to mark the arrival of spring and sowing of
crops.

Dhamal Ahirs (Gurgaon Famous in the Gurgaon area, believed to

Dance area) have originated during the time of
Mahabharata.

Chaupaiyan Men and Women A devotional dance performed by both men

and women carrying 'manjiras'.

Deepak Men and Women Performed by men and women carrying

Dance earthen lamps, often lasting the whole night
as an expression of devotion.

Been-Bansuri General Public Performed with the accompaniment of

Dance 'been' (a wind instrument) and 'bansuri' (a
flute).

Ghoora General Public Organized on the occasion of the birth of a

Dance baby boy.

Himachal Pradesh

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Cholamba Ropa Valley Performed while coiling a snake.

Dance

Dhure Lahaul Popular in Lahaul, performed on epics like

Dance Ramayana and Mahabharata.

Shan and Lahaul Valley Performed in the Gompa in the memory of

Shabu Buddha.

Laaldi Dance Female Folk A popular female folk dance in Himachal

Pradesh.

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Swaangtegi General Public Performed by wearing lion and garden

Dance wooden masks, usually during Diwali.

Namgen General Public Performed in September to celebrate

Dance autumn.

Nati Dance Himachal Pradesh, Various forms like Kullvi Nati, Mahasuvi Nati,
Uttarakhand Sirmauri Nati, Kinnauri Nati, etc., performed
in different regions.

Chham Tibetan Popular in Tibetan settlement areas like

Dance Communities Lahaul & Spiti, Ladakh, and Kinnaur;
performed by Buddhist monks during
religious festivals.

Dhaman General Public A folk dance from Himachal Pradesh.

Dance

Thoda Rajput Community Performed during Vishu Fair (Chaitra and

Dance Vaisakh months), tracing its origin from the
Mahabharata, blending dance, sports, and
folk theatre.

Dangi Dangi Tribe Performed during the harvest season.

Nrutya (Chamba Area)

Rakshasa General Public Traditional dance forms like Rakshasa,

Dance Kayang, Bakayang, and others are part of
Himachal's dance repertoire.

Jharkhand

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Santhal Dance Santhal Tribe Performed in groups, popular in

Jharkhand and West Bengal.

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Borao Dance Oraon Community Celebrated by the Oraon community

(Kurukh) in Hazaribagh Goomla region.

Mundari Munda Community A women-centric dance practiced by

Dance the Munda community in Jharkhand
and Orissa.

Phagua Dance Tribal Communities Performed during Holi, the spring

(Jharkhand & Bihar) festival.

Birhor Dance Birhor Tribe A tribal folk dance performed by the

Birhor, a nomadic Adivasi forest
people.

Hunta Dance Santhal Tribe A hunting dance performed by the

Santhals in the Chota Nagpur region.

Jenana Women (Tribal Performed during the cultivation

(Janani) Communities) period in the rainy season.
Jhumur

Mardani Nagpuri Men Performed by men of the Nagpuri

Jhumur community after the harvest.

Jhitka and Men and Women Performed to celebrate different

Danga Dances feudal traditions.

Lahasuya Nagpuri Community A folk dance of the Chota Nagpur

Dance Plateau region.

Karma Dance General Tribal Celebrates the planting of the

Communities Kadamba tree, believed to bring
prosperity and good luck.

Ghoda Naach Men Performed by men, using a wooden

Dance puppet as the main prop.

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Jhika-Dashain Santhal Tribe A worship dance to train young men in

Dance spiritual practices to dispel evil spirits.

Kadsa Dance Women A female-dominated dance where

participants carry a ‘Kalasha’ (earthen
pot).

Jamda Folk Tribal Communities A traditional folk dance from

Dance Jharkhand.

Karnataka

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Huttari Dance Kodava Community Celebrated during Huttari (harvest

(Kodagu Dance) festival). Includes Bolak-aat,
Ummatt-aat, and Komb-aat.

Bolak-aat Kodava Men Performed by Kodava men dressed in

black, carrying an oil lamp in the
open field.

Ummatt-aat Kodava Women A folk dance performed by Kodava

women in Coorg.

Komb-aat Kodava Men A devotional dance performed in

temples.

Veeragase / General Community Performed during the Dasara

Veerabhadrana procession in Mysore
Kunitha (July–November).

Bhootada Kola Tulu Speaking Performed in honor of local deities,

Dance Population influenced by Yakshagana theatre.

Yakshagana Coastal Karnataka A traditional folk dance, part of the

Communities Vaishnava bhakti movement,
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performed in paddy fields after
harvest.

Bayalata General Community A theatre form with dance and

drama, based on Indian epics and
Puranas.

Goravara Kunitha Kuruba Gowda A dance tradition worshipping Lord

Community Mailana Longa.

Bhootha Aradhane General Community A dance representing the worship of

the Devil.

Gaarudi Gombe General Community A dance performed during festivals

and processions, involving magical
puppets to ward off evil.

Pata Kunitha General Community A group dance performed by 10–15

people.

Dollu Kunitha Kuruba Community Performed by men of the Kuruba

(Shepherds) shepherd community.

Naga Mandala Vaidyas (Male Male dancers dress as Naga-kannikas

Dance Dancers) (female snakes) in a spiritual dance.

Kamsale General Community A group dance performed by men,

often as a devotional offering to God
Mahadeshwara, featuring a brass
instrument.

Suggi Halakki Vokkaliga Performed at harvest time by the

Tribe Halakki Vokkaliga tribe.

Aati Kalanja Nalke Community A ritualistic folk dance performed by

the Nalke community.

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Nandi Dhwaja General Community A dance dedicated to the worship of

Lord Shiva.

Lingada Berana General Community A dance performed to worship Lord

Shiva.

Gorava Dance General Community A dance performed to worship Lord

Shiva.

Beesu Kamsale General Community A group dance with a brass

instrument, performed by devotees
of Lord Mahadeshwara.

Puravanthike General Community A devotional dance form dedicated

to Lord Shiva.

Bhagawanthike General Community Performed to worship Lord Vishnu.

Pata Kunitha General Community Performed to worship Lord Vishnu.

Bana Devara General Community A dance performed to worship Lord

Kunitha Vishnu.

Mariammana General Community A dance dedicated to worshiping

Kunitha incarnations of Shakti (goddess of
power).

Urimarammana General Community A dance dedicated to worshiping

Kunitha incarnations of Shakti.

Puja General Community A dance performed in worship to

Shakti.

Karaga General Community A dance dedicated to the worship of

Shakti.

Soman Kunitha General Community A dance performed to worship

Shakti.
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Harige General Community A dance in reverence to Shakti.

Sedere General Community A devotional dance form dedicated

to Shakti.

Bhoota Nrutya General Community A folk dance to worship Shakti.

Naga Nrutya General Community A dance representing the worship of

Shakti.

Vatte Kola General Community A devotional dance performed in

worship of Shakti.

Kombat General Community A dance performed as a devotional

offering to Shakti.

Billat General Community A folk dance performed to honor

Shakti.

Kerala

Folk Dance/Art Form Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Mudiyettu Marar and Kuruppu A village ritual dance

communities performed in Thrissur,
Ernakulam, Kottayam, and
Idukki. Inscribed in UNESCO’s
list in 2010.

Thiruvathirakali General Community Performed on Thiruvathira,

(Kaikottikali) the birthday of Lord Shiva
(December–January).

Kolkali Malabar Region A folk art performed in the

Communities Malabar region of Kerala.

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Oppana Muslim Community A song and dance

of Malabar performance popular among
the Muslims of Malabar.

Kummattikali General Community Performed during the

Malayalam months of
Makaram and Kumbham
(Palakkad, Trichur, Wayanad).

Chavittu Natakam General Community A unique folk art form

believed to have flourished at
Kodungalloor, associated with
the spread of Christianity.

Kakkarissi Natakam Central Travancore A folk art form popular in

Communities Central Travancore.

Kanyarkali Bhagavati Temples A folk dance ritual performed

(Palakkad) in Bhagavati and
Vettakorumakan temples of
Palakkad.

Arjuna Nritham Bhagavati Temples A ritual art form performed in

(Mayilpeeli Thookam) (South Kerala) Bhagavati temples mainly in
Kollam, Alappuzha, and
Kottayam.

Ezhamathukali General Community A folk art related to the

ancient Sanghakali, also
known as Ezhamadukali.

Alamikali Alamis (Tipu’s Army A regional art form performed

Soldiers) in Kasaragod by Alamis,
soldiers of Tipu Sultan's army.

Vedanpaattu General Community A traditional folk art form

performed in Karkidakam
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(June–July) in remote parts of
Kerala.

Elelakkaradi Irulas Tribe A well-known dance form of

(Attappady, the Irulas, a tribal group of
Palakkad) Palakkad district.

Onathaar General Community Performed during the Onam

season in Kannur and
adjoining areas.

Ivarkali (Aivarnatakam, Vishwakarma A folk performance form

Thattinmelkali, Community played by Ikkudikammalar
Kannilkuthikali, (Ikkudikammalar) people.
Pandavarkali)

Kathaprasangam General Community A popular art form blending

music and speech, based on
storytelling traditions.

Koothambalam General Community A combination of ancient

Sanskrit theatre and Koothu,
recognized by UNESCO as a
Masterpiece of the Oral
Heritage.

Kothamooriyattam General Community A traditional folk art form

popular in Kannur and
Kasaragod.

Adichuthura Knanaya Catholic A four-day function held

Community during Knanaya Catholic
weddings, with songs called
Adichuthurapattu.

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Mangalam Kali General Community A folk dance performed

mainly during marriage
functions as entertainment.

Seethankan Thullal General Community A dance and poetic

performance, one of the three
major thullal forms in Kerala.

Koodiyattam (Kutiyattam) General Community India’s oldest living theatrical

tradition, traditionally
performed in temple theatres
(Koothambalam).

Margomkali Syrian Christian A ritual folk art dance of

Community Syrian Christians in Kottayam
and Thrissur.

Ottamthullal General Community A unique art form in Kerala,

often referred to as 'poor
man's Kathakali'.

Madhya Pradesh

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Lehangi Banjara and Kanjar Performed during the blossoming

Tribes monsoon period.

Ahiri Cattle Herders Trademark dance of the cattle herders

(Gwalior) of Gwalior.

Baredi Gwalior District Performed from Diwali to Karthik

(Various Communities) Purnima, with poetry before the
performance.

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Bilma Gond and Baiga Tribes Performed during the festival of

Dussehra.

Chatkora Korku Tribe Performed in Chhindwara and Betul

districts.

Kangra Dhobi Caste Performed by the Dhobi caste in

(Bundelkhand) Bundelkhand.

Gocho Gond Tribes Performed by the Gond tribals.

Reena Baiga and Gond Tribal Performed during the festival of Diwali.
Women

Atari Bhumiya and Baiga Performed in the Baghelkhand region.

Tribes

Muria Muria Tribes Performed near the Ghotul.

Bhadam Bharia Tribe Performed mainly by the Bharia tribe on

(Bhangam) the occasion of marriage.

Sahariya Sahariya Community Performed during Holi to the beats of

dhol, nagari, and matki.

Ahirai Bharia Tribe Popular dance form of the Bharia tribe

of Madhya Pradesh.

Bhagoriya Bhils (Jhabua District) Associated with the Bhagoria festival

and Bhagoriya Haat fair.

Maach Malwa Region (Various A form of folk theatre performed around

Communities) the festival of Holi.

Grida Various Tribes Celebrates the harvest of crops.

Matki Nomadic Tribes (Malwa Performed by nomadic tribes in the

Region) Malwa region.

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Phulpati Malwa Region Performed by unmarried girls in the

(Unmarried Girls) Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh and
southeastern Rajasthan.

Jawara Peasant Community Popular folk dance of Madhya Pradesh,

(Bundelkhand) especially in Bundelkhand region.

Kaksar Abhujmaria Tribe Performed before the monsoon by

(Bastar) Maria cultivators to worship gods for a
good harvest.

Naurata Unmarried Girls Performed by unmarried girls in

(Bundelkhand) Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh.

Maharashtra

Folk Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Dance

Lezim Various communities in Dancers carry a small musical instrument

Maharashtra with jingling cymbals; first performed in
1982 at the Asian Games in Delhi.

Lavani Dhangars (Shepherds) in Traditional dance performed by

Solapur shepherds, known for its fast-paced
rhythm and energetic movements.

Dhangari Dhangar Tribe Performed by shepherds during the

Gaja Navratri festival.

Waghya Maharashtra (associated Performed in honor of Lord Khandoba.

Murali with Lord Khandoba)

Tamasha Kolhati and Mahar Derived from ancient Sanskrit drama

Groups forms like 'Prahsana' and 'Bhana'.

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Povadas Marathi community Folk dance describing events in the life of

Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.

Dindi Various communities Performed on Ekadashi in the Kartik

month of the Hindu calendar.

Koli Kolis Tribe Popular dance form performed by the Koli

tribe of Maharashtra and Goa.

Nakata Fish Community Performed by the fish community of

Maharashtra.

Gafa Group of boys A lively dance performed by a group of

boys.

Kala Various communities A folk dance that describes the mood of

Lord Krishna, symbolizing fertility.

Manipur:

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Nupa Dance Male dancers A variation of Pung Cholom, also known

as Cymbal Dance or Kartal Cholom.

Thabal Various communities Performed during the festival of

Chongba in Manipur Yaoshang.

Luivat Tangkhul Naga Popular dance of the Tangkhul Naga

Pheizak community community.

Lai Haraoba Various communities Enacts the 'Creation of the Universe'

in Manipur during the Lai Haraoba festival.

Shim Lam Rongmei community Traditional folk dance of the Rongmei

community, also known as Fly dance.

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Rakhal Manipuri community A part of Raas Leela, performed by

Nritta Manipuri boys under the Kadam tree.

Katabenlu Various communities Bangle Dance known for its intricate

Laam in Manipur footwork and rhythmic movements.

Mao Naga Mao Naga community Performed during the annual harvesting
Dance and seed-sowing festivals (Chikhuni).

Pao-Sa Jagoi Kanglei Haraoba Part of the traditional Kanglei Haraoba.

community

Kabui Dance Kabui community Performed during the Gang-Ngai festival.

Raas Manipuri community Dance drama depicting Lord Krishna’s

union with Radha and the gopis.

Thang-Ta Various communities Traditional combat dance art symbolizing

in Manipur the sword (Thang) and spear (Ta).

Lhou Sha Various villages in Battle dance performed during clashes

Manipur between two villages.

Meghalaya:

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Laho Dance Jaintia tribe Performed during the Behdienkhlam

festival. Also known as the Chipiah
Dance.

Wangla Dance Harp tribe Known as Wangla dance when

performed by the Harp tribe, part of the
Wangla festival.

Nongkrem Khasi community Celebrated during the Nongkrem festival

Dance at Smit, the cultural center of Khasi Hills.
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Chad Sukra Pnar people (Jaintia Celebrated as a sowing festival by the

Dance Hills) Pnar people of Jaintia Hills.

Shad Suk Khasi community Annual spring dance celebrating the

Mynsiem harvest and planting season.

Dorsegata Khasi community Involves women trying to take turbans

Dance off their male partners during the dance.

Behdienkhlam Jaintia tribe The main dance of the Jaintia festival

Dance held every July in Jowai, Jaintia Hills.

Wangala Dance Garos community A major dance of the Garos performed

during the Wangala festival, after the
harvest season.

Mizrom:

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Cheraw Dance Mizo people Performed with bamboo sticks during

'Buza Aih' (bumper harvest) by individual
families.

Chailam Dance Mizo people Practiced during the Chapchar Kut

festival, one of the most significant
festivals of the Mizo people.

Zangtalam Dance Paihte tribe Performed by the Paihte tribe.

Solakia Dance Mizoram Meaning "dance of the severed head," it

community involves better understanding and
knowledge.

Khuallam Dance Mizoram Performed during the 'Khuangchawi'

community ceremony. 'Khual' means guest, 'lam'
means dance.
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Chawnglaizawn Pawi community Popular dance of the Pawi community.

Dance

Tlanglam Dance Mizoram Performed throughout the state,

community accompanied by Puma Zai music.

Zangtalam Dance Paihte tribe Popular dance performed by both men

and women of the Paihte tribe.

Nagaland

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Changai Dance Chang tribe Performed during the Naknyulum

festival, lasting for three days.

Changsang Dance Chang Naga tribe Performed during the Naknyulum

festival in July.

Monyu Asho Dance Phom Nagas Performed during the Phom Monyu
festival, celebrated in April.

Khupielilie Dance Pochury Naga tribe Traditional folk dance performed by

womenfolk.

Kukui Pheto Dance Chakesang Nagas Traditional folk dance performed by

the Chakesang Nagas.

Kulu-Tsen Dance Yimkhiung tribe Traditional Naga folk dance

performed by the Yimkhiung tribe.

Nokinteker Ao Naga tribe Traditional dance form performed by

Tsungsang Dance the Ao Naga tribe.

Butterfly Dance Zeliangrong tribe Associated with the Zeliangrong tribe.

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Melo Phita Dance Angami Nagas Performed during the Sekrenyi

festival in February.

Angushu Kighilhe Sumi tribe Traditional war dance performed by

Dance menfolk of the Sumi tribe.

Chang Lo Dance Chang tribe Performed during the Poanglem

(Sua la) festival marking the beginning of the
harvest season.

Rukhyo Sharu Lotha Naga tribe Traditional folk dance performed by

Dance the Lotha Naga tribe.

Langnyu-Khiamtsan Khiamniungan Performed during the Miu and

gshe Dance Naga tribe Tsokum festivals, which are
co-related.

Akok-Khi Dance Sangtam tribe Performed during the Mongmong

festival.

Zeliang Dance Zeliangrong Naga Performed in the hilly terrain of

tribe Mount Barail.

Aaluyattu Dance Konyak tribe Folk dance form from Nagaland,

performed by the Konyak tribe.

Udoho Dance Angami Naga tribe Traditional war dance performed by

the Angami Naga tribe.

Rangma Dance Naga people Performed during the Ngada festival,

depicting war culture with men
dressed as warriors.

Sadal Kekai Dance Kuki tribe Folk dance performed by the Kuki
tribe.

Leshalaptu Dance Women of Folk dance performed by the women

Nagaland of Nagaland.
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Shankai & Lotha tribe Victory dances performed by the

Moyashai Lotha tribe.

Odisha

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Ranapa Not specified Lord Krishna's childhood stories

Dhanu Jatra Not specified Annual drama-based open-air

theatrical performance (Bargarh)

Daskathia Tribal (Odisha) Historic and Puranic events

Gotipua (Bandha Young boys dressed To praise Lord Jagannath and Krishna
Nritya) as women

Dalkhai Adivasis (Sambalpur Popular folk dance of Odisha

district)

Danda Nata Ganjam District, Festival in Chaitra (March/April)

(Danda Jatra) South Odisha
(Kalinga)

Dhemsa Tribal (Central Traditional folk dance

Odisha,
Chhattisgarh,
Andhra Pradesh)

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Rangabati Not specified Popular in Odisha, West Bengal,

Bihar, Jharkhand, Andhra Pradesh,
Chhattisgarh

Sakhi Kandhei Not specified Kendrapara district, Odisha

Baagha Naacha Tribal (Binka, Binka, Sonepur, Brahmapur, Ganjam

(Tiger Dance) Sonepur, Brahmapur, district
Ganjam)

Chaiti Ghoda Kaibarta Caste Fishing communities’ festivities

(Fishing
communities)

Medha Nacha Coastal districts of Traditional mask dance

Odisha

Changu Dance Regional tribes of Not specified

Odisha

Sambalpuri Folk Not specified Popular in the Western part of

Dance Odisha

Kela Keluni Wandering group of Humorous folk dance

snake-catchers

Ghumra Kalahandi district Folk dance

(Odisha)

Paika Dance Paika (Oriya army) Folk dance of Odisha and Jharkhand

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Punjab

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Bagga Martial dance form of Performed during the harvest

(Bhangra) Punjab festival, Vaishakhi.

Gatka Sikhs and related ethnic Martial art and dance form,
(Dankara groups performed by Sikhs and Hindkowans.
dance)

Viyahula Performed by women Popular during marriages in Punjab

Giddha and Pakistan.

Kikli Young girls A sport-cum-dance form performed

by young girls.

Malwai Giddha Males of Malwa region Folk dance of males in the Malwa
region of Punjab.

Giddha Punjabi women High-spirited folk dance, celebrating

the harvest period in spring.

Julli Muslim holy men (Pirs) Performed by Muslim holy men

called pirs.

Jaago Maternal families of Cultural celebration by the maternal

bride and groom families of both bride and groom.

Luddi Punjabi people Dance form with sinuous

movements, resembling a snake.

Rajasthan

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

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Terah Taali Kamada tribe (snake Traditional dance of the Kamada tribe.
charmers)

Chari Gujjar and Saini Women hold pots with lighted lamps on
communities their heads, prominent in Kishangarh and
Ajmer.

Bhavai Rajasthan (primarily Women balance up to nine brass pots on

women) their heads.

Kachchhi Shekhawati region Performed by men on dummy horses.

Ghodi (men)

Gair Dance Bhil community Popular dance among the Bhil tribe of
Rajasthan.

Chakri Kanjar tribe (women) Performed by women in marriages and

festivals.

Kathputli Rajasthan (puppeteers) String puppet theatre native to Rajasthan.

Khayal Bhawai tribe A folk dance full of mockery, humor, and

irony.

Kalbelia Kalbelia tribe (Sapera Known as 'Snake Charmer Dance', added

community) to UNESCO's heritage list in 2010.

Jhulan Rajasthan (both men A folk dance performed by both genders.

and women)

Fire Dance Banjara tribe Performed by the Banjara tribe, especially

in Churu and Bikaner.

Drum Jhalore region Tribal dance originating from Jhalore.

Dance

Gavari Bhil tribe A tribal dance drama performed by the

Bhil tribe.
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Walar Garasia Rajasthani Performed by the Garasia tribe of

tribe Rajasthan.

Ghoomar Bhil tribe (girls) A dance performed at festivals like Holi,

Gangaur Puja, and Teej.

Saang Various (Rajasthan, Folk dance-theatre with mimicry, song,

(Swang) Haryana, UP) and dialogue, popular across regions.

Sikkim

Folk Dance Community/Tribe Festival/Occasion

Chu Faat Dance Lepcha tribe Performed during the Pang Lhabsol
festival in honor of Mount
Khangchendzonga.

Tendong Lho Lepcha people A group dance to protect people from

Rum Faat the onslaught of rivers.

Denong-Neh-Na Bhutia community Performed to honor past saints like Guru

h Rimpoche.

Kayged Dance Bhutia community Held at monasteries to celebrate the

New Year.

Naumati Damai community A group dance performed by the Damai

community.

Ta-Shi-Yang-Ku Bhutia community Performed during the consecration of a

new house or to bless newlyweds.

Zo-Mal-Lok Lepcha community The most popular folk dance of the

Lepcha community.

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Lama Buddhist lamas A masked dance performed during

Dance/Chham (monks) special occasions like the Pang Lhabsol
festival.

Tamilnadu

Folk Dance Description/Occasion

Karagattam Traditional dance involving balancing pots on the head,

performed to worship Goddess Amman.

Karagam Dance performed by balancing a brass pot on the

head, performed to the song temmanguppau.

Therukoothu Tamil street theatre performed in Tamil Nadu and

Tamil-speaking regions of Sri Lanka.

Mamallapuram Dance A 30-day festival held annually between December and

Festival January by the Tamil Nadu Department of Tourism.

Kummi Folk dance performed in a circle by Tamil women, also

popular in Kerala and Sri Lanka.

Bamber Dance Performed inside temples to worship Lord Krishna,

typically around a lamp during Ram Navami and
Gokulashtami.

Devaraattam Dance presented to Tamil kings and their army after a

victorious return from battle.

Puliyattam (Tiger Dancers paint their bodies to resemble a tiger,

Dance) performed during certain festivals.

Shattam Dance Devotional dance dedicated to Lord Vishnu, performed

in groups with an instrument called "Urumi".
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Kavadi Aattam Dance involving carrying Kavadi (burdens) as an

offering to Lord Murugan during pilgrimages.

Kolattam (Kazhi Aattam) Performed in groups during festivals and weddings,

featuring rhythmic stick movements.

Kazhai Kothu Dance that includes gymnastic steps, similar to a

modern-day circus.

Mayil Aattam (Peacock Dance usually performed by women, performed in

Dance) Hindu temples as an offering to Lord Murugan.

Ottan Koothu Dance performed by tribal people to depict ancient

stories during festivals.

Paampu Attam (Snake Performed by young girls wearing costumes resembling

Dance) a snake.

Poikkal Kuthirai Aattam Dancers wear a dummy horse and perform, a hollow
(Horse Dance) figure allowing a person to fit inside.

Koothu A street party dance performed during festivals and

weddings with music and dance.

Telangana

Folk Dance Description/Occasion

Mathuri Dance Performed by the Mathuri tribes of Adilabad district

during the rainy month of Shravana.

Lambadi Dance performed by the semi-nomadic tribes

(Lambadis, Banjaras, Sengalis).

Perini Sivatandavam War dance originating from the Kakatiya dynasty,

(Perini Thandavam) dedicated to Lord Shiva.

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Gusadi Performed by the Raj Gonds or Gondulu tribes in

Adilabad district.

Mayuri Performed in the tribal areas of Khammam district,

symbolizing the peacock.

Dappu Nrityam (Dappu Dance performed with the Dappu, a traditional

Dance) drum, known by various names in Telangana.

Tirpura

Folk Dance Description/Occasion

Hoza Giri Celebrated by the Bru Reang community to pray for the
blessings of Mainuma (Goddess of Wealth).

Hai Hak Performed by the Halam community, associated with Jhum

cultivation.

Garia Performed during Goria Puja, celebrating the sowing of new

crops and praying for a good harvest.

Mamita Popular among the Kaloi community, performed during the

Mamita Festival, a harvest festival.

Jhum Dance Displays the lifestyle, mode of cultivation, culture, and tradition
of the people.

Bizu Performed by the Chakma community, marking the end of the

Bengali calendar.

Welcome Performed by Lusai girls to greet visitors to their homes.

Dance

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Sangrai Dance Performed by the Mog community during the Sangrai festival,
celebrated in Chaitra month.

Galamuchamo Celebrated at the end of the harvesting season to express

gratitude to the gods.

Lebang A harvest dance performed by the Tripuri people of Tripura.

Boomani

Uttarakhand

Folk Dance Description/Occasion

Bhotiya Dance A ritual dance performed by the Bhotiya or Bhot ethnic

group.

Chholiya (Hudkeli) A folk dance originating from the Kumaon region, also
found in parts of Nepal.

Jhumelo Dance Popular in both Garhwal and Kumaon regions of

Uttarakhand.

Pandav A dance based on the events of the Mahabharata,

Nritya/Pandava Lila dedicated to the Pandavas.

Langvir Nritya An acrobatic dance performed by men in the Tehri

Garhwal region.

Chanchari A dance style from the Danpur region in Kumaon.

Chhapeli (Chhabili) A dance symbolizing the love between two lovers,

popular in Kumaon.

Tandi A popular dance where people dance in a series holding

each other’s hands.

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Chaunfula A joyful dance that holds special significance in

Uttarakhand.

Jhoda Dance A couple’s dance, popular in Uttarakhand.

Mukhota Dance A dance performed to worship God Bhumitayal in

Uttarakhand.

Thadiya A music and dance festival held in the courtyard of the

house, known as "Thad."

Hurka Baul Dance Performed during the cultivation of paddy and maize in
the Kumaon region.

Uttar Pradesh

Folk Dance Description/Occasion

Mayur Dance Performed by girls dressed as peacocks in the Braj region, as an

adoration for Lord Krishna.

Rasalila A popular form of folk theater in Mathura and Vrindavan, based

on the life of Lord Krishna.

Nautanki A famous folk theatre form, combining music, drama, and dance,
popular in Uttar Pradesh.

Charkula Performed on the third day of Holi, where dancers balance

Dance decorated pots on their heads.

West Bengal

Folk Dance Description/Occasion

Gaudiya A classical dance form originating from Bengal and other Eastern
Nritya regions, performed in Vaishnav communities.

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Gomira A rural dance form from the Dinajpur district, typically performed
Dance during festivals.

Alkap A folk dance popular in Murshidabad, Malda, and Birbhum in

West Bengal, as well as in Bangladesh.

Gambhira Performed during the Chaitra Sankranti festival, featuring masks

Dance made from neem and fig trees.

Dhali Dance Portrays shieldmen in troops, popular among the aboriginal

communities of Bengal.

Jatra A folk drama combining acting, music, dance, and exaggerated

gestures.

Brita Dance Performed after recovering from illness, often as a ritualistic form
of celebration.

Tusu Dance Performed during Pausa (December-January), associated with the

Tusu festival.

Lathi Dance Performed during Muharram to display physical strength and

agility.

Baul Dance Part of the religious rites of Bauls, a mystic tradition in Bengal.

Marisia A tribal dance performed by a group of men, associated with

Dance tribal rituals.

Dhanuchi A devotional dance performed during Durga Puja, featuring the

Naach traditional "dhanuchi" (clay pot).

Brita Dance A group dance performed during Durga Puja as a form of

thanksgiving and celebration.

Ladakh
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Folk Dance Description/Occasion

Shondol Dance Known as the 'Royal Dance of Ladakh,' performed by women

(Takshoma) to praise the King of Ladakh.

Cha-rtses (Pigeon A traditional dance form in Ladakh, possibly symbolizing the

Dance) movement of pigeons.

Jabro Dance Performed by nomadic Tibetan people living in the Chang

Thang and Rong areas of Ladakh.

Koshan Dance A dance presented during horse riding; the rider, known as
Landak, performs the dance.

Spawo Dance An integral folk dance highly appreciated in Ladakhi culture.

Shone Dance Performed by the Mons in rural Ladakh, showcasing

traditional local customs.

Drugpa-Rches Performed by the Dards, people of Aryan origin from the

Dance Gorkhan and Drass areas of Ladakh.

Yak Dance Unique dance where two performers wear Yak skins and
perform elegant movements.

Tukhstanmo A seasonal dance performed in the Bakhamul and Zanskar

Dance areas of Ladakh.

Surahi Dance Also known as Chang Rches, where performers carry a pot
(Chang) on their head while dancing.

Jammu and Kashmir

Folk Dance Description/Occasion

Dumhal A traditional dance performed by the Watal tribe in Jammu and

Kashmir, usually during religious festivals.

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Bhand A soothing dance performed by 10-15 dancers, accompanied by

Jashan light music in a traditional style.

Bacha A dance performed by young boys, typically during the harvest

Nagma season to celebrate a good harvest.

Wuegi-Nach Performed after the marriage ceremony, when the bride has left for
un her new home.

Rouf Dance Known as Danza de Fila in English, this dance is celebrated during
festivals like Ramzan and Eid.

Bhaand A popular theatre form in Kashmir combining acting, dance, and

Pather music.

Kud A traditional art form performed to highlight the cultural richness

of the princely state of Jammu and Kashmir.

Hikat Dance A popular folk dance in Kashmir, typically performed by young girls,
symbolizing the region's cultural vibrancy.

Hafiza Performed during weddings, particularly when wedding

Dance processions are taken out on boats on the Jhelum River.

Ladishah A unique dance form that combines singing with movement, it

Dance holds an essential position in the musical traditions of Kashmir.

An important monument of India

Assam

Monument/Structur Location Features Period/Builder

e

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Rang Ghar Along Assam Initially built with Swargadeo Rudra

Trunk Road, bamboo and wood; Singh (initial),
NE of later rebuilt with Swargadeo
Rangpur brick. Pramatta Singh
Palace (rebuilt)

Talatal Ghar Rangpur, 18th-century palace Ahom period

Sivasagar, and military base construction
Assam with 2 tunnels, 4
above-ground
stories, and 3
underground floors.

Kareng Ghar Garhgaon, 15 Seven-storied Sukhrungphaa

(Garhgaon Palace) km from structure originally (1698), Swargadeo
Sivasagar made of wood and Rajeswar Singha
stone; later rebuilt (1752 AD)
with bricks and
boulders.

Powa Mecca Garurachal Houses the tomb of Sujauddin

Hill, Hajo, Pir Giyas Uddin Muhammad Shah
Assam Auliya. (1657, during Shah
Jahan's reign)

Ahom Raja's Palace Garhgaon, Four-story palace King Rajeswar

Assam with a Singha (1752 CE)
dome-shaped roof,
chamber, and three
west-facing halls on
the ground floor.

Bihar

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Monument/Structur Location Features Period/Builder

e

Mahabodhi Temple Bodh A UNESCO World 3rd century BCE

Gaya, Heritage Site; a sacred (Emperor Ashoka)
Bihar Buddhist temple
marking the place
where Buddha attained
enlightenment.

Nalanda University Nalanda, Ancient center of Founded in the

Ruins Bihar learning; includes ruins 5th century by
of temples, Kumaragupta I.
monasteries, and
student dormitories.

Buddha Smriti Park Patna, Memorial park Inaugurated in

Bihar dedicated to Lord 2010.
Buddha; features a
statue and a museum.

Patna Sahib Patna, A prominent Sikh Built in the early

Gurudwara Bihar gurudwara marking the 19th century by
birthplace of Guru Maharaja Ranjit
Gobind Singh, the 10th Singh.
Sikh Guru.

Rajendra Smriti Patna, Museum dedicated to Built in 1961.

Sangrahalaya Bihar Dr. Rajendra Prasad,
the first President of
India, displaying his
personal items.

Vikramshila Bhagalpur, Ancient university site Established in the

University Ruins Bihar with ruins of temples, 8th century by
Dharmapala.

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stupas, and
monasteries.

Darbhanga Fort Darbhanga A historical fort built by Built in the 16th

, Bihar the kings of Darbhanga, century by
surrounded by a large Maharaja
campus. Kameshwar Singh.

Kumhrar Patna, Archaeological site of Circa 3rd century

Bihar the ancient city of BCE.
Pataliputra, featuring
ruins of an Ashokan-era
park.

Delhi

Monument/Structur Location Features Period/Builder

e

Humayun's Tomb Nizamuddin Mughal garden tomb; Built by Empress

, Delhi precursor to Taj Bega Begum, wife
Mahal; UNESCO of Humayun
World Heritage site. (1565–1572).

Lotus Temple Bahapur, Bahá'í House of Designed by

Delhi Worship; Fariborz Sahba
lotus-shaped (1986).
structure with 27
marble petals; open
to all religions.

Akshardham Temple East Delhi Hindu temple Built by the BAPS

complex with a Swaminarayan
central monument Sanstha (2005).
depicting
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Swaminarayan; large
Yagnapurush Kund.

Tughlaqabad Fort South Delhi 14th-century fort Built by Sultan

built by Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din
Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq
Tughlaq; features (1321–1324).
massive walls and
gates.

Siri Fort South Delhi 14th-century fort Built by Sultan

built by Sultan Alauddin Khilji
Alauddin Khilji; (1303).
includes a large part
of the Siri Fort
complex.

Raj Ghat New Delhi Memorial to Memorial

Mahatma Gandhi; dedicated in 1948.
features a black
marble platform
marking the spot of
his cremation.

Sanchi Stupa Replica South Delhi A replica of the Built in 1966 by the
Sanchi Stupa in Government of
Madhya Pradesh; India.
Buddhist monument
with a large dome
and intricate
carvings.

Nizam-ud-Din Nizamuddin Tomb of the famous Built in the 14th

Dargah , Delhi Sufi saint, century; tomb
Nizam-ud-Din Auliya; completed during
the reign of

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a major pilgrimage Muhammad bin
site for Muslims. Tughlaq.

Mehrauli Mehrauli, A collection of Dates back to the

Archaeological Park Delhi ancient ruins from Sultanate and
various periods, Mughal periods.
including tombs and
structures from the
Mughal and
Sultanate periods.

Safdarjung's Tomb New Delhi Mughal tomb with Built by

Persian-style gardens, Shuja-ud-Daula in
reflecting the 1754.
architecture of the
Mughal era.

Gujarat

Monument/Structur Location Features Period/Builder

e

Humayun's Tomb Nizamuddin Mughal garden tomb; Built by Empress

, Delhi precursor to Taj Bega Begum, wife
Mahal; UNESCO of Humayun
World Heritage site. (1565–1572).

Lotus Temple Bahapur, Bahá'í House of Designed by

Delhi Worship; Fariborz Sahba
lotus-shaped (1986).
structure with 27
marble petals; open
to all religions.

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Akshardham Temple East Delhi Hindu temple Built by the BAPS

complex with a Swaminarayan
central monument Sanstha (2005).
depicting
Swaminarayan; large
Yagnapurush Kund.

Tughlaqabad Fort South Delhi 14th-century fort Built by Sultan

built by Sultan Ghiyas-ud-Din
Ghiyas-ud-Din Tughlaq
Tughlaq; features (1321–1324).
massive walls and
gates.

Siri Fort South Delhi 14th-century fort Built by Sultan

built by Sultan Alauddin Khilji
Alauddin Khilji; (1303).
includes a large part
of the Siri Fort
complex.

Raj Ghat New Delhi Memorial to Memorial

Mahatma Gandhi; dedicated in 1948.
features a black
marble platform
marking the spot of
his cremation.

Sanchi Stupa Replica South Delhi A replica of the Built in 1966 by the
Sanchi Stupa in Government of
Madhya Pradesh; India.
Buddhist monument
with a large dome
and intricate
carvings.

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Nizam-ud-Din Nizamuddin Tomb of the famous Built in the 14th

Dargah , Delhi Sufi saint, century; tomb
Nizam-ud-Din Auliya; completed during
a major pilgrimage the reign of
site for Muslims. Muhammad bin
Tughlaq.

Mehrauli Mehrauli, A collection of Dates back to the

Archaeological Park Delhi ancient ruins from Sultanate and
various periods, Mughal periods.
including tombs and
structures from the
Mughal and
Sultanate periods.

Safdarjung's Tomb New Delhi Mughal tomb with Built by

Persian-style gardens, Shuja-ud-Daula in
reflecting the 1754.
architecture of the
Mughal era.

Haryana

Monument/Structur Location Features Period/Builder

e

Brahma Sarovar Kurukshetra Sacred water tank Ancient origins;

associated with Hindu developed over
mythology; believed to centuries.
be the site of the
Mahabharata war.

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Sheikh Chilli's Tomb Thanesar, Tomb of Sufi saint Built during the
Kurukshetra Sheikh Chehli; features Mughal period.
Mughal architecture
and a beautiful
garden.

Panipat Battlefields Panipat Historical site of three Associated with

major battles in Indian various periods
history (1526, 1556, and dynasties.
and 1761).

Firoz Shah Palace Hisar A group of Built by Firoz

Complex monuments including Shah Tughlaq
a mosque, palace, and (1354).
a tank; built in
Indo-Islamic style.

Jahaz Kothi Hisar Historical building Built in the late

initially built by a local 18th century.
merchant; later used
by George Thomas, a
European adventurer.

Star Monument Rohtak Hexagonal-shaped Built in the late

structure dedicated to 20th century.
Sant Garib Das Ji;
features modern
architecture.

Surajkund Faridabad Ancient reservoir built Built by Tomar

in a semi-circular King Surajpal
shape; hosts the (10th century).
famous Surajkund
International Crafts
Mela.

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Kingdom of Dreams Gurgaon India's first live Modern structure

entertainment and (21st century).
leisure destination
showcasing Indian
culture and heritage.

Kos Minar Along Grand Series of medieval Built by Sher

Trunk Road milestones built during Shah Suri (16th
the Mughal period to century).
mark distances on the
Grand Trunk Road.

The state with the

highest number of
surviving Kos Minars

Karnataka

Monument/Structur Location Features Period/Builder

e

Daria Daulat Bagh Srirangapatna Palace built by Built by Tipu

m, Mysore Tipu Sultan in Sultan (1784).
1784; features
beautiful frescoes
and a large
garden.

Mysore Palace Mysore Iconic palace with Yaduraya (14th

(Amba Vilas Palace) Indo-Saracenic century), present
architecture; structure built by
constructed Krishnaraja

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between 1897 and Wodeyar IV
1912. (1897-1912).

Rangin Mahal Bidar Fort, Part of Bidar Fort; Built in 1524 by

Bidar known for the Bidar rulers.
intricate
decorations; also
called the Queen's
Palace.

Chennakesava Somanathapur Famous Hoysala Built by King

Temple a, Hassan architecture; Somesvara III
dedicated to Lord (1268).
Vishnu with
exquisite carvings
and sculptures.

Hampi Ruins Hampi UNESCO World Built during the

Heritage Site; Vijayanagara
historic ruins of Empire (14th-16th
the Vijayanagara centuries).
Empire including
temples, palaces,
and markets.

Badami Caves Badami, Rock-cut temples Built by the

Bagalkot carved into cliffs; Chalukya dynasty
dating back to the (6th century).
6th century,
showcasing
ancient Dravidian
architecture.

Gol Gumbaz Bijapur Mausoleum of Built by Sultan

Sultan Muhammad Adil
Muhammad Adil Shah (1656-1669).

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Shah; known for
its large dome and
excellent
acoustics.

Bijapur Fort Bijapur Large fortress with Built by Ali Adil

impressive gates Shah I (16th
and structures; century).
significant in the
history of the
Deccan Sultanates.

Virupaksha Temple Hampi Ancient temple Built by the

dedicated to Lord Vijayanagara kings
Shiva; part of the (14th century).
Vijayanagara
temple complex.

Siddheshwar Temple Bagalkot Famous temple Built by the

dedicated to Lord Chalukyas
Siddheshwar; (11th-12th
known for its century).
peaceful ambiance
and pilgrimage
significance.

Kerala

Monument/Structur Location Features Period/Builder

e

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Mattancherry Palace Kochi, Kerala Built in 1545 CE; Established by

(Dutch Palace) Portuguese style the Portuguese
palace; a gift to in 1545 CE.
King Veera
Kerala Verma;
later renovated
by the Dutch.

Kanakakunnu Palace Thiruvananthapura Built during the Built by Sree

m, Kerala reign of Moolam
Travancore king Thirunal,
Sree Moolam Travancore.
Thirunal; India's
first digital
garden.

Padmanabhapuram Padmanabhapuram Historic palace Built in the 16th

Palace , Kerala of the century, by the
Travancore Travancore
kings; known for kings.
its unique
wooden
architecture and
carvings.

Hill Palace Tripunithura, Former royal Built by the

Kerala residence; now a Maharaja of
museum; Kochi (1865).
features
Kerala-style
architecture and
lush
surroundings.

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Alappuzha Alappuzha, Kerala A prominent Built in 1862.

Lighthouse lighthouse along
the Kerala
coastline; offers
panoramic views
of the Arabian
Sea.

Fort Kochi Kochi, Kerala Colonial-era fort Built by the

with Portuguese, Portuguese
Dutch, and (1503) and later
British expanded by the
influences; Dutch and
popular tourist British.
destination.

Cheraman Juma Kodungallur, Kerala One of the Established in

Masjid oldest mosques 629 AD.
in India;
believed to be
established in
629 AD by the
Arab merchants.

Sree Chitra Art Thiruvananthapura Gallery housing Established in

Gallery m, Kerala a significant 1935.
collection of
traditional
Kerala paintings
and artwork
from various
Indian artists.

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Vasco Da Gama Kochi, Kerala Historical site Commemorates

Square dedicated to Vasco da Gama's
Vasco da Gama; arrival in 1498.
offers views of
the Chinese
fishing nets.

Muziris Heritage Kodungallur, Kerala An Dates back to

Project archaeological ancient times,
site preserving the project was
the ancient port revived in the
city of Muziris; 21st century.
includes
temples,
churches, and
synagogues.

Ladakh

Monument/Structure Location Features Period/Builder

Leh Palace (Lachen Leh, Former royal palace Built in 1600 by

Palkar Palace) Ladakh with stunning views of Sengge Namgyal.
Leh; built in Tibetan
architectural style.

Shanti Stupa Leh, White-domed Buddhist Built by Japanese

Ladakh stupa built to promote Buddhist monks
peace; offers in 1991.

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panoramic views of
Leh.

Hemis Monastery Hemis, One of the largest and Founded in 1672.

Ladakh wealthiest monasteries
in Ladakh; known for
its annual Hemis
festival.

Thiksey Monastery Thiksey, Tibetan Buddhist Founded in the

Ladakh monastery resembling 15th century.
the Potala Palace of
Lhasa; known for its
large Buddha statue.

Magnetic Hill Leh, Optical illusion that Natural

Ladakh makes vehicles appear phenomenon,
to move uphill against popular tourist
gravity. site.

Zanskar Valley Zanskar, Remote valley known Ancient Buddhist

Ladakh for its stunning heritage.
landscape and Tibetan
Buddhist monasteries.

Stok Palace Stok, Royal palace of the Built in the early

Ladakh former Ladakhi king; 19th century.
now a museum
showcasing the region's
history and culture.

Diskit Monastery Nubra Largest and oldest Founded in the

Valley, monastery in Nubra 14th century.
Ladakh Valley; famous for its
32-meter tall statue of
Maitreya Buddha.

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Maharashtra

Monument/Structure Location Features Period/Builder

Gateway of India Mumbai Iconic Built in 1911 by

arch-monument George Wittet,
built in 1911 to during the British
commemorate the colonial period.
landing of King
George V and Queen
Mary.

Namaste Tower Mumbai Proposed 310 m tall Designed by Atkins,

skyscraper, designed Dubai.
as a mega project
and one of India's
tallest buildings.

Chand Minar (Tower Daulatabad, 15th-century tower Built by Ala-ud-din

of the Moon) Aurangabad built by King Bahmani in the
Ala-ud-din Bahmani 15th century.
to commemorate his
victory in capturing
the fort.

Ellora Caves Aurangabad UNESCO World Built between 5th

Heritage Site, and 10th century
consisting of 34 by the Rashtrakuta
monasteries and Dynasty.
temples, carved
from solid rock.

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Ajanta Caves Ajanta, Ancient rock-cut Built from the 2nd

Maharashtr Buddhist temples century BCE to 6th
a and monasteries, century CE.
famous for their
exquisite paintings
and sculptures.

Shaniwar Wada Pune Fortified palace built Built in 1732 by Baji

in the 18th century, Rao I.
once the seat of the
Peshwa rulers of the
Maratha Empire.

Bibi Ka Maqbara Aurangabad Mausoleum of Built in 1679 by

Begum Rabia, Azam Shah.
resembling the Taj
Mahal in design,
built by her son,
Azam Shah.

Fort Sindhudurg Malvan, Coastal fort built by Built in 1667 by

Konkan Chhatrapati Shivaji Chhatrapati Shivaji
Maharaj, one of the Maharaj.
most important
Maratha forts.

Raigad Fort Raigad, Historic fort that Built in the 15th

Maharashtr was the capital of century, later
a the Maratha Empire renovated by
under Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in
Shivaji. the 17th century.

Lal Mahal Pune Historical palace Built in 1630 by

where Shivaji Shahaji Bhosale.
Maharaj spent his
childhood; site of
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several historical
events.

Elephanta Caves Elephanta Ancient rock-cut Built between the

Island, temples dedicated 5th and 8th
Mumbai to Lord Shiva, with centuries.
massive sculptures.

Madhya Pradesh

Monument/Structure Location Features Period/Builder

Sheesh Mahal Orchha Located in the Orchha Built by King Rudra

Fort Fort complex; known Pratap Singh
Complex, for its mirror work (Bundela Rajput
Orchha and intricate Dynasty).
architecture.

Rajwada Palace Indore Historical palace Started by Malhar

(Holkar Palace) known for its blend of Rao Holkar in
Maratha, Mughal, and 1747.
Malwa architectural
styles.

Jahaz Mahal Mandu, Large palace Built under the

Madhya surrounded by water, rule of Sultan
Pradesh resembling a ship; Ghiyas-ud-din
built during the rule Khilji.
of Sultan
Ghiyas-ud-din Khilji.

Kanch Mandir Indore Jain temple known for Built by the Jain
its intricate glasswork community in
and beautiful 1900.
architecture.
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Sanchi Stupa Sanchi, UNESCO World Built by Emperor

Madhya Heritage site, known Ashoka in the 3rd
Pradesh for its ancient century BCE.
Buddhist stupas,
gateways, and
monolithic pillars.

Gwalior Fort Gwalior Historic hill fort Built by Raja Man

known for its Singh Tomar in the
stunning architecture 15th century.
and temples,
including the Man
Singh Palace.

Bateshwar Temples Morena, Group of ancient Built between the

Madhya temples dedicated to 6th and 10th
Pradesh Lord Shiva, known for centuries.
its exquisite carvings.

Rani Mahal Mandu, Beautifully designed Built during the

Madhya palace with rule of the Malwa
Pradesh impressive Sultanate.
architecture and
scenic views of the
surrounding region.

Chhatri Baag Bhopal Memorial garden Built in the 18th

complex, built in century.
honor of the kings
and queens of Bhopal,
featuring
dome-shaped
cenotaphs.

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Punjab

Monument/Structure Location Features Period/Builder

Sheesh Mahal Patiala, A royal palace known Built by Maharaja

(Palace of Mirrors) Punjab for its stunning Narinder Singh
mirror work and (1845-1862).
beautiful
architecture, located
behind the Moti
Bagh Palace.

Sarai Nurmahal Near Built by Emperor Constructed in the

Jalandhar, Jahangir's wife Noor early 17th century
Punjab Jahan, this sarai (inn) under Mughal
has Mughal Emperor Jahangir's
architectural reign.
elements.

Golden Temple Amritsar, Holiest Sikh shrine, Founded by Guru

(Harmandir Sahib) Punjab known for its golden Nanak, rebuilt by
facade and serene Guru Arjan in 1581.
surroundings,
attracting pilgrims
worldwide.

Wagah Border Near Famous international Established

Amritsar, border between post-partition in
Punjab India and Pakistan, 1947.
known for the daily
flag lowering
ceremony.

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Qila Mubarak Patiala, Historic fort complex Built by Maharaja

Punjab with various palaces, Ala Singh in 1763.
including the Sheesh
Mahal, built by the
Patiala state rulers.

Anandpur Sahib Anandpur Prominent Sikh Founded by Guru

Sahib, religious site, Tegh Bahadur in
Punjab associated with Guru 1665.
Gobind Singh and
the creation of the
Khalsa.

Moti Bagh Palace Patiala, A palace located in Built in the early

Punjab Patiala, featuring 20th century by
large gardens and Maharaja
was the residence of Bhupinder Singh.
Maharaja Bhupinder
Singh.

Rauza Sharif Malerkotla, Mausoleum Built in the 17th

Punjab dedicated to the Sufi century.
saint, Sheikh
Hamiduddin Nagori,
famous for its Islamic
architecture.

Shahid Smarak Kartarpur, Memorial dedicated Built

Punjab to the martyrs of the post-independence,
Indian independence dedicated to
movement. freedom fighters.

Rajasthan
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Monument/Structure Location Features Period/Builder

Adhai Din Ka Jhonpra Ajmer, A historic mosque Commissioned by

Rajasthan with Indo-Islamic Qutb-ud-Din Aibak
architecture, in 1192 CE,
originally a Sanskrit completed in 1199
college, later CE.
converted into a
mosque.

Kirti Stambh (Victory Chittorgarh A 12th-century Built by Rana

Tower) , Rajasthan tower built to Khumba in the
celebrate Rana 12th century.
Khumba's victory
over Malwa,
decorated with
intricate carvings.

Sheesh Mahal (Mirror Amer Fort, A stunning palace Built in the 16th
Palace) Jaipur with a unique mirror century, completed
work, part of the in 1727.
Amer Fort complex,
reflecting Mughal
architecture.

Hawa Mahal Jaipur, A unique palace Built by Maharaja

Rajasthan known for its Sawai Pratap Singh
five-story facade in 1799.
with numerous
windows, designed
for royal women to
view the street life.

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Monsoon Palace Jaipur, A hilltop palace Built in 1884.

(Sajjan Garh Palace) Rajasthan offering panoramic
views, built for
observing the
monsoon clouds and
named after
Maharana Sajjan
Singh.

Lalgarh Palace Bikaner, A royal residence Built between

Rajasthan built in a blend of 1902-1926 for
Indo-Saracenic, Maharaja Ganga
Mughal, and Singh.
European
architectural styles.

Umaid Bhawan Jodhpur, One of the largest Built under

Palace Rajasthan private residences in Maharaja Umaid
the world, known for Singh in the early
its magnificent 20th century.
architecture and
heritage.

Amber Fort Jaipur, A majestic hilltop Built in the 16th

Rajasthan fort known for its century by Raja
artistic Hindu Man Singh.
elements, reflecting
Rajput grandeur and
architecture.

City Palace Udaipur, A beautiful palace Built over 400

Rajasthan complex with years by various
courtyards, gardens, Maharanas of
and museums, Mewar.

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reflecting Mewar
royal history.

Mehrangarh Fort Jodhpur, A massive fort Built by Rao Jodha

Rajasthan known for its in 1459.
architecture and
museum, offering a
panoramic view of
the city.

Jaisalmer Fort Jaisalmer, A living fort with a Built in 1156 by

Rajasthan rich history, built Rawal Jaisal.
from golden
sandstone, offering a
view of the desert
landscape.

Kumbhalgarh Fort Rajsamand, A UNESCO World Built in the 15th

Rajasthan Heritage site, known century by Rana
for its massive walls Kumbha.
and second-largest
fort complex after
the Great Wall of
China.

Chittorgarh Fort Chittorgarh One of the largest Built in the 7th

, Rajasthan forts in India, known century by the
for its history of Mauryan dynasty.
valor, royal palaces,
and massive walls.

Tamilnadu

Monument/Structure Location Features Period/Builder

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Vivekananda Rock Kanyakumari, A memorial built on Built in 1970.

Memorial Tamil Nadu a rock island to
honor Swami
Vivekananda,
known for its
religious significance
and scenic views.

Thirumalai Nayakkar Madurai, Tamil A grand palace with Built in 1635 CE

Palace Nadu Indo-Saracenic by King Tirumala
architecture, Nayaka.
featuring massive
pillars and a blend
of Dravidian and
Mughal styles.

Meenakshi Amman Madurai, Tamil A famous Hindu Built in the 6th

Temple Nadu temple dedicated to century CE,
Goddess Meenakshi expanded in
and Lord 16th century.
Sundareshwar,
known for its
majestic gopurams.

Brihadeeswarar Thanjavur, A UNESCO World Built by Raja

Temple Tamil Nadu Heritage site, this Raja Chola I in
temple is renowned 1010 CE.
for its massive dome
and intricate
carvings, dedicated
to Lord Shiva.

Kapaleeshwarar Chennai, Tamil An ancient Hindu Built in the 7th

Temple Nadu temple dedicated to century CE.
Lord Shiva, featuring

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Dravidian
architecture and
colorful sculptures.

Ramanathaswamy Rameswaram, Famous for its 22 Rebuilt in the

Temple Tamil Nadu wells and beautiful 17th century.
corridor, this temple
is dedicated to Lord
Shiva and is an
important
pilgrimage site.

Arjuna’s Penance Mamallapura A rock-cut relief 7th century CE,

(Descent of the m, Tamil Nadu depicting the story during the
Ganges) of the descent of Pallava dynasty.
the Ganges, one of
the largest
bas-reliefs in the
world.

Kanchi Kailasanathar Kanchipuram, Known for its Built in the 8th

Temple Tamil Nadu beautiful century by
Dravidian-style Pallava King
architecture and Rajasimha.
stone carvings,
dedicated to Lord
Shiva.

Chidambaram Chidambaram, A renowned temple Built in the 10th

Nataraja Temple Tamil Nadu dedicated to Lord century by the
Nataraja (Shiva as Chola dynasty.
the cosmic dancer),
known for its artistic
and cultural
significance.

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Sree Ayyappa Temple Sabarimala, A major pilgrimage Established in

Tamil Nadu center dedicated to the 12th
Lord Ayyappa, century.
located in a dense
forest area in the
Western Ghats.

Vellore Fort Vellore, Tamil A well-preserved Built in 16th

Nadu fort with a temple century by
inside it, showcasing Channa Bomma.
the military and
architectural
prowess of the
Vijayanagar empire.

Chola Bronze Thanjavur, Famous for 9th to 13th

Sculptures Tamil Nadu intricately sculpted century CE,
bronze images of during the Chola
Hindu deities, dynasty.
especially from the
Chola dynasty
period.

Tripura

Monument/Structur Location Features Period/Builder

e

Neermahal Palace Melaghar, A water palace on Built by King Bir

Tripura Rudrasagar Lake with Bikram Manikya in
a mix of Hindu and 1930s.
Mughal architecture.

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Tripura Sundari Udaipur, An important Hindu Built in the 15th

Temple Tripura temple dedicated to century by King
Tripura Sundari, a Dhanya Manikya.
form of Goddess
Durga.

Ujjayanta Palace Agartala, The former royal Built by King Ishan

Tripura palace, now housing Chandra Manikya in
a museum, with 1862, rebuilt in 1901.
Indo-Saracenic
architecture.

West Bengal

Monument/Structur Location Features Period/Builder

e

Howrah Bridge Kolkata, A cantilevered bridge Built in 1943,

West over the Hooghly designed by the
Bengal River, one of the British firm Cleveland
busiest bridges in the Bridge & Engineering
world. Company.

Rajbari (Madhabpur Nadia, A royal mansion of Built in the 19th

Rajbari) West the zamindar era, century by the royal
Bengal known for its family of Nadia.
architecture and
historical
significance.

Maidan Kolkata, A large urban park, Dates back to the

West considered the British colonial era.
Bengal "lungs" of Kolkata,

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surrounded by
historical landmarks.

Marble Palace Kolkata, A well-preserved Built in 1835 by Raja

West mansion known for Rajendra Mullick.
Bengal its marble walls,
artwork, and
collection of
sculptures and
paintings.

Jorasanko Thakur Kolkata, The ancestral home Built in the 18th

Bari West of Rabindranath century, associated
Bengal Tagore, now a with Rabindranath
museum dedicated Tagore.
to his life and work.

Kalighat Temple Kolkata, A famous Hindu Dates back to the

West temple dedicated to 1800s, though the
Bengal Kali, one of the original site is older.
holiest temples in
Kolkata.

Sundarbans South 24 The largest tidal Natural monument.

Mangrove Forest Parganas, halophytic mangrove
WB forest in the world
and a UNESCO World
Heritage Site.

Uttar Pradesh

Monument/Structur Location Features Period/Builder

e

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Ram Janmabhoomi Ayodhya, The birthplace of Lord Ancient;

Uttar Rama, a revered Hindu Controversial
Pradesh religious site. construction and
restoration in
progress.

Kashi Vishwanath Varanasi, A famous Hindu temple Rebuilt in 1780 by

Temple Uttar dedicated to Lord Shiva, Ahilyabai Holkar.
Pradesh situated on the banks
of the river Ganges.

Sarnath Varanasi, The site where Lord Ancient, with

Uttar Buddha gave his first structures dating
Pradesh sermon after attaining back to the 3rd
enlightenment. century BCE.

Chandraprabha Chunar, A Jain temple dedicated Ancient Jain

Temple Uttar to Lord Chandraprabha, architecture.
Pradesh one of the 24
Tirthankaras.

Jama Masjid (Agra) Agra, A large mosque built by Built in 1648 by

Uttar Emperor Shah Jahan, Shah Jahan.
Pradesh constructed using white
marble.

Fatehpur Sikri Fatehpur A UNESCO World Built between 1571

Sikri, UP Heritage Site, former and 1585 by Akbar.
Mughal capital city,
known for its
Indo-Islamic
architecture.

Akbar's Tomb Sikandra, The tomb of Mughal Completed in 1613

Uttar Emperor Akbar, a blend by Jahangir.
Pradesh

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of Persian and Indian
architectural styles.

Moti Masjid (Agra) Agra, A white marble mosque Built in 1654 by

Uttar inside the Agra Fort, Shah Jahan.
Pradesh built by Shah Jahan.

Itmad-ud-Daula's Agra, Known as the "Baby Built between 1622

Tomb Uttar Taj," this tomb is a and 1628 by Nur
Pradesh precursor to the Taj Jahan for her
Mahal, built with father.
intricate marble inlay
work.

Folk Music Instruments of India

State/Region Instruments

Ladakh Damian, Dungchen, Gyaling, Silnyen/bubjal, Kangling,

Dung, Damaru, Drilbu

Sikkim Tungbuk, Cymbal

Tripura Sumui, Sarinda, Chong Preng, Kham, Dangdoo

Meghalaya Beslie, Bamboo Flute, Tangmuri, Duitara, Dymphong,

Maryngod

Nagaland Petu, Theku

Assam Gogona, Pepa, Taal, Khol, Madol, Khanjari Dutara

West Bengal Swarmandal, Khanjani, Kachhuya sitar

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Jammu and Kashmir Saz E Kashmir, Tabla, Kashmiri Setar, The Wasool, The
Dokra

Punjab Tumbi, Algoze, Dhadd, Chimta

Goa Ghumat, Kasale, Madlem, Surt, Tasso, Nagado, Tambura

Karnataka Nagaswaram, Kalimba, Gotuvadyam, Tamboora, Kombu,

KahaLe, Mukhaveene, Panchamukha Vadyam

Andhra Pradesh Pambai, Tambura

Telangana Gummetas, Brahma Taal, Titti, Burra (dhakki), Chirutalu,

Jamidika Veeranam, Andelu, Kinnera

Kerala Chenda, Edakka, Kombu, Mizhavu

Tamil Nadu Thalam, Thavil, Udukkai, Veelai, Venkural

Maharashtra Dolki, Tuntuni, Daf

Himachal Pradesh Dammama, Gajju, Doru, Nagara, Dholku, Nagarth,

Tamaka, Dafale, Hudak, Ghanta, Ghariyal (gongs), Jhanjh,
Kokatha murchang

Uttarakhand Damoun, Ransingha, Daur, Bhankora, Masak baja, Hurka,

Binai, Mushak Been

Rajasthan Turhi, Rawanhattha, Kamaicha, Morchang, Ektara, The Daf

and Chang, Poongi, Algoza, Tarpi, Bankia, Khartal, Satara,
Chautara, Bhapang, Sarangiya Langa

Gujarat Sundari, Bhorrindo, Kani, Jodia Pawa, Ghado, Ghaghar

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Chhattisgarh Dhankul

Folk paintings
State wise:

State Art form description

Andhra Pradesh Srikalahasti Kalamkari A style of hand-painted

fabric dyeing, produced in
Srikalahasti of Chittoor
district, Andhra Pradesh.

Lepakshi Paintings ​ Created during the

Vijayanagara period, with
religious themes based
on Ramayana,
Mahabharata, and
Vishnu's incarnations.
Found on the walls of
Veerabhadra temple in
Lepakshi.

Other Famous Paintings Includes Leather

Puppetry, Tirupati School
of Painting, Adivasi Kolam
Painting.

Bihar Madhubani Paintings Originated in Madhubani

(Mithila Paintings) village, mostly created by
women, inspired by
Hindu religious motifs like
Krishna, Rama, Durga,

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Lakshmi, and Shiva.
Received GI status in
2007.

Manjusha Painting Folk art from the Ang

region, based on the
folklore of Bihula-Bishari,
often referred to as Snake
Paintings.

Patna Kalam Painting A unique style of Indian

miniature painting.

Tikuli Art Traditional art based on

colorful dots called
"Tikuli," which are worn
as bindis by women
between their eyebrows.

Chhattisgarh Jogimara Cave Paintings Contains paintings and

inscriptions in Brahmi
script, depicting dancing
couples and creatures
such as elephants and
fish.

Bastar Arts Tribal art and craft

originating from the
Bastar region of
Chhattisgarh.

Kosa Silk Art Known for its fine texture,

durability, and natural
sheen; produced in
Chhattisgarh for
centuries.

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Other Famous Paintings Includes Godhna,

Wrought Iron or Loha
Shilp.

Gujarat Pithora Painting ​ Ritualistic wall painting

done by the Rathwa,
Bhils, and Bhilala tribes,
often characterized by
seven horses.

Other Famous Paintings Includes Mata Ni Pachedi,

Rathwa, Rogan.

Haryana Bhiti Chitra (Fresco A technique of mural

Painting) painting executed on
freshly laid or wet lime
plaster.

Asthal Bohar Paintings Rajput style paintings

found in temples in
Panchkula, Pinjore, Kaul,
Kaithal, and other
locations in Haryana.

Himachal Pradesh Kangra Painting Pictorial art from the

Kangra region of
Himachal Pradesh.

Other Famous Paintings Includes Guler, Chamba.

Jharkhand Paitkar Painting A tribal painting form

popular in West Bengal,
Bihar, Orissa, and
adjacent states of India.

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Jadopatiya Painting Practiced by the Santhals,

where artisans create
scrolls called Jado or
Jadopatia, drawn with
natural inks and colors.

Sohrai Art Tribal art celebrating

fertility during harvest,
featuring animal motifs
on the walls.

Other Famous Paintings Includes Dhokra Art,

Kohver Art, Ganju Art, Teli
and Prajapati Art, Kurmi
Art, Mundas Art, Turi Art,
Birhor and Bhuiya Art,
Ghatwal Art.

Karnataka Chittara Painting Practised by women of

the Deevaru community,
created on red
mud-coated houses and
rangoli floor designs.

Badami Cave Paintings A complex of Hindu and

Jain cave temples, with
murals carved out of hills
in Badami, Karnataka.

Other Famous Paintings Includes Chittara, Ganjifa

Art, Mysore style,
Samavasaran.

Kerala Kalamezhuthu Practised using natural

pigments and powders,

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usually in five colours for
ritualistic art.

Mukhathezhuthu A form of ritual face

painting by artists for
traditional performances.

Padmangal “Kalangal” (floor

drawings) used to
perform Tantrik rituals
and sorcery.

Other Famous Paintings Includes Kerala mural,

Kathakali body painting,
Theyyam.

Madhya Pradesh Nandana A mud-resist

block-printing craft from
Tarapur village, practiced
by the Bhil tribe,
featuring graceful motif
arrangements.

Bagh Caves Paintings Part of the Ajanta school,

depicting Buddhist and
Jataka tales, found in
Bagh Caves, similar to
Ajanta's artwork

Other Famous Paintings Includes Gond, Bhil,

Mandana.

Maharashtra Warli Painting Tribal art from North

Sahyadri Range,
categorized into Gods,
People, Animals, Rights,
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and Rituals. Jivya Soma
Mashe is a modern
master.

Ellora Caves Paintings Murals in the Ellora

caves, representing
Hinduism, Jainism, and
Buddhism. The Kailasa
temple is the most
famous.

Ajanta Caves Paintings Murals created out of

volcanic rocks, depicting
human values, social
fabric, and Jataka tales.
Using vegetable and
mineral dyes.

Other Famous Paintings Includes Pinguli,

Chitrakathi.

Odisha Pattachitra Painting Traditional scroll painting

on cotton depicting
Hindu mythological
narratives, inspired by
Jagannath and Vaishnava
sect.

Saura Painting Wall mural paintings by

the Saura tribes,
dedicated to Idital (main
deity of the Sauras).

Ravan Chhaya Rock Ancient fresco paintings

Shelter Paintings on a rock shelter,

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featuring a half-opened
umbrella.

Other Famous Paintings Includes Chitra Pothi,

Mural paintings, Santhal.

Rajasthan Phad Painting Religious scroll paintings

narrating stories of local
deities and gods, e.g.,
Devnarayan Ki Phad and
Pabuji Ki Phad.

Mandana Painting Wall and floor art by

Meenas, welcoming
divinity and warding off
evil forces.

Kajali Painting Ancient painting using

carbon black, originating
from the eastern part of
Rajasthan.

Bagru Print Hand block printing with

natural colors, practiced
by the Chippa community
in Bagru, Rajasthan.

Sanganeri Printing Hand-block printing

method originating from
Sanganeri village in
Rajasthan.

Other Famous Arts Includes Miniature Art,

Meenakari, Jaipur art,
Marwar Art, Mewar Art,
Bikaner Art, Bundi &
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Kota, Kishangarh, Dhenu,
Kavad, Molela Terracotta,
Jogi.

Tamil Nadu Thanjavur (Tanjore) Originated in the 17th

Painting century, done on solid
wood planks, with
themes from Hindu
mythology, including gods
and saints.

Sittanavasal Cave Jain murals resembling

Paintings Bagh and Ajanta
paintings, focused on the
Jain Samavasarana
subject.

Armamalai Cave Paintings Colorful murals depicting

tales of Astathik Palakas
and Jainism on the walls
and roof.

Other Famous Paintings Includes Tanjore, Mica,

and Mural Paintings.

Telangana ​ Cheriyal Scroll Paintings A dying art form

(Nakashi art) practiced by the Nakashi
family, awarded
Geographical Indication
(GI) status in 2007.

Kalamkari Painting Ancient hand painting

done on cotton or silk
fabric with a tamarind
pen, using natural dyes
and involving 23 steps.

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Other Famous Paintings Includes Nirmal Arts,

Deccani Paintings.

Uttar Pradesh Chikankari Embroidery A delicate form of

embroidery from
Lucknow, popular as
Lucknow Chikan or
Chikan Embroidery,
introduced by Nur Jahan,
wife of Jahangir.

Other Famous Paintings Includes Sanjhi, Miniature

art.

West Bengal Kalighat Painting Folk painting originating

near Kalighat Kali Temple
in Kolkata.

Patua Art Scroll paintings created

by patuas, who travel to
towns singing stories in
exchange for food or
money.

Other Famous Paintings Includes Chaksudan, Folk

paintings from
Midnapore, Bengal Scroll,
and Santhal (Bihar and
Jharkhand).

Famous Monasteries In India

State Monastery Name Location Significance

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Arunachal Tawang Tawang, Largest monastery in

Pradesh Monastery Arunachal India, also known as
Pradesh Tawang Ganden Namgyal
Lhatse.

Bomdila Bomdila, Known as Gentle Gaden

Monastery Arunachal Rabgyel Lling Monastery.
Pradesh

Urgelling Near Tawang, Known for its religious

Monastery Arunachal significance.
Pradesh

Sikkim Phodang Sikkim Located under the

Monastery Kagyupa Sect, founded by
King Gyurmed Namgyal.

Lingdum Ranka, Gangtok, Follows the Zurmang

Monastery Sikkim Kagyu tradition.

Enchey Monastery Gangtok, Sikkim Meaning 'solitary temple,'

established in 1909.

Pemayangtse Near Pelling, Designed by Lama

Monastery Sikkim Lhatsun Chempo.

Rumtek Gangtok, Sikkim Known as Dharmachakra

Monastery Centre.

Gonjang Sikkim Established by Tinkye

Monastery Gonjang Rimpoche.

Himachal Key Monastery Spiti Valley, Located at 4166 meters

Pradesh Himachal above sea level.
Pradesh

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Tabo Monastery Spiti Valley, Built by 'Yeshe O'd'.

Himachal
Pradesh

Dhankar Lahaul-Spiti Located at 3894 meters

Monastery district, elevation.
Himachal
Pradesh

Kardang Lahaul, Himachal Famous for its Drukpa

Monastery Pradesh Lineage.

Tsuglagkhang Dharamshala, The Dalai Lama's

Monastery Himachal residence and temple.
Pradesh

Shashur Lahaul-Spiti, A Drugpa sect monastery.

Monastery Himachal
Pradesh

Namgyal Dharamshala, The personal monastery

Monastery Himachal of the 14th Dalai Lama.
Pradesh

Ladakh Thiksey Thiksey, Ladakh Resembling the Potala

Monastery Palace in Lhasa.

Shey Monastery Shey, Ladakh Contains a large

Shakyamuni Buddha
statue.

Hemis Monastery Ladakh Famous for its annual

festival in honor of Guru
Padmasambhava.

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Phugtal Zanskar, Ladakh Built around a cave

Monastery visited by sages 2500
years ago.

Alchi Monastery Alchi, Ladakh Built by Guru Rinchen

Zangpo.

Matho Monastery Ladakh Founded by Lama Tungpa

Dorjay.

Korzok Monastery Tso Moriri Lake, Located on the bank of

Ladakh Tso Moriri Lake.

Jammu and Harwan Srinagar, Jammu Located on the outskirts

Kashmir Monastery and Kashmir of Srinagar.

Karnataka Dzogchen Karnataka Established by Pema

Monastery (originally Tibet) Rigdzin.

Bylakuppe Mysore, Largest Nyingma lineage

Monastery Karnataka teaching center in the
(Namdroling world.
Monastery)

Uttarakhand Mindrolling Dehradun, Established by Khochhen

Monastery Uttarakhand Rinpoche.

West Bengal Ghoom Ghoom, West Known for its 15-ft statue
Monastery Bengal of Maitreya Buddha.

Andhra Thotlakonda Thotlakonda Hill, A 2000-year-old complex

Pradesh Monastery Andhra Pradesh with stupas, chaitya
grihas, and viharas.

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