Scribd
Upload
2 views7 pages

Ge6 Patterns

The document outlines patterns and sequences, defining patterns as repeated arrangements of numbers or shapes. It describes three main types of number patterns: arithmetic, geometric, and Fibonacci, providing examples and formulas for each. Additionally, it discusses patterns evident in nature, including symmetry, fractals, tessellation, and spirals.

Uploaded by

Gemima Nicole Daguplo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
2 views7 pages

Ge6 Patterns

The document outlines patterns and sequences, defining patterns as repeated arrangements of numbers or shapes. It describes three main types of number patterns: arithmetic, geometric, and Fibonacci, providing examples and formulas for each. Additionally, it discusses patterns evident in nature, including symmetry, fractals, tessellation, and spirals.

Uploaded by

Gemima Nicole Daguplo
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 7

PATTERNS AND SEQUENCES

TOPIC OUTLINE

A. DEFINITION
B. TYPES OF NUMBER PATTERNS
a. Arithmetic Pattern
b. Geometric Pattern
c. Fibonacci Pattern
C. ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
a. Rules
b. Types
c. Examples

A DEFINITION

PATTERN
● a repeated arrangement of numbers, shapes, colours and
so on.
● If the set of numbers are related to each other in a
specific rule, then the rule or manner is called a pattern
● patterns are also known as a sequence.
● COMMON DIFFERENCE- constant, to take the common
difference take two consecutive terms and subtract the
succeeding (nisunod/after) to the preceding
(gisundan/before)
● Patterns are finite or infinite in numbers.
●
B1 ARITHMETIC PATTERN

● also known as the algebraic pattern.


● In an arithmetic pattern, the sequences are based on the
addition or subtraction of the terms.
● If two or more terms in the sequence are given, we can
use addition or subtraction to find the arithmetic pattern.
● Arithmetic Series: sum of some or all terms in an
arithmetic sequence.
EXAMPLE:
1. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, __, 14, __.
● “Add 2 to the previous term to get the next term”
● First missing term: The previous term is 10. Therefore,
10+2 = 12.
● Second missing term: The previous term is 14. So,
14+2 = 16
● Hence, the complete arithmetic pattern is 2, 4, 6, 8,
10, 12, 14, 16.
FORMULAS
FORMULA 1: to find the nth term
● The formula for the general term of arithmetic sequence will
be used.

an = a1 + (n - 1) d
an = nth term,
a1 = first term, and
d is the common difference
FORMULA 2: sum of first n terms
Sn = (n/2) [2a1 + (n - 1) d]

when we know the first term and the common difference

Sn=(n/2) [a1 + an]

(when the first and the last terms)

 Sn = Sum of n terms,
 a1 = first term,
 an = nth term, and
 d is the common difference between the successive terms

FORMULA 3: calculating the common difference of an


arithmetic sequence

d = a n - an – 1

 an = nth term,
 an - 1 = (n - 1)th term, and
 d is the common difference between the successive terms

B2 GEOMETRIC PATTERN

● The geometric pattern is defined as the sequence of


numbers that are based on the multiplication and
division operation.
● Similar to the arithmetic pattern, if two or more numbers
in the sequence are provided, we can easily find the
unknown terms in the pattern using multiplication and
division operation.
EXAMPLE:
1. 8, 16, 32, __, 128, __
● 32 is the third term in the sequence, which is obtained by
multiplying 2 with the previous term 16.
● First missing term: The previous term is 32. Multiply 32
by 2, we get 64.
● Second missing term: The previous term is 128.
Multiply 128 by 2, we get 256.
● Hence, the complete geometric pattern is 8, 16, 32, 64,
128, 256.

FORMULAS

FORMULA 1: nth Term of Geometric Sequence Formula


a n = a · rn - 1 .
an = nth term,
a1 = first term, and
r= common ratio

FORMULA 2: Sum of n Terms of Geometric Sequence


Formula
Sn = a (1 - rn) / (1 - r), when |r| < 1
[OR]
n
Sn = a (r - 1) / (r - 1), when r > 1 (or) when r < -1

 Sn = Sum of n terms,
 a1 = first term,
 r= common ratio
 n= number of terms

FORMULA 3: Sum of Infinite Geometric Sequence Formula

S∞ = a / (1 - r).

 S∞ = sum of infinite terms


 a1 = first term,
 r= common ratio

B3 FIBONACCI PATTERN

● defined as the sequence of numbers, in which each term


in the sequence is obtained by adding the two terms
before it, starting with the numbers 0 and 1.
● The Fibonacci pattern is given as 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, …
and so on.
Explanation:
● Third term = First term + Second term = 0+1 = 1
● Fourth term = second term + Third term = 1+1 = 2
● Fifth term = Third term + Fourth term = 1+2 = 3, and so
on.

Patterns
 Patterns are regular or consistent, repeated or
recurring form/design.

Patterns Evident in Nature

1. Symmetry
a. One shape is identical to the other when it is
moved, rotated, or flipped.
2. Bilateral Symmetry
a. Indicates that you can draw an imaginary line
across an object and the resulting parts are
mirror images of each other.
Examples:
1. butterfly
2. human body
3. Rotational Symmetry
a. A type of symmetry where the property a
shape has when it looks the same after some
rotation by a partial turn.
Example:
1. Ceiling Fan
2. Wheel

Fractals

 Is a rough or fragmanted geometric sequence


shape that can be subdivided in parts, each of
which is (at least approximately) a reduced/size
copy of the whole.
 are objects in which the same patterns occur again
and again at different scales and sizes
Example:
1. Fern
2. Rose Cabbage

Tessellation

 Are patterns that are formed by repeated cubes or


tiles.
Examples:
1. Sunflower
2. Honeycomb

Spiral

 Are shapes that wind in a gradually or tightening


curve.

Example:

1. Snail Shell
2. Bighorn Sheep

FIBONACCI SEQUENCE

 An infinite sequence where in each succeeding term


is the sum of the two preceding terms.
 The numbers are formed after Fibonacci, also
known as Leonardo of Pisa or Leonardo Pisano who
lived in Italy.

FIBONACCI NUMBERS

1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13,

THE Nth TERM

two previous terms are known is denoted by 𝐹𝑛 = 𝐹𝑛−1 +


The formula to find the nth term of the sequence if the

𝐹𝑛−2
where: EXAMPLE:
𝐹𝑛 – is term number “n” 𝐹5=5 𝐹6=8 𝐹7= ?
𝐹𝑛−1- is the previous term 𝑭𝒏 = 𝑭𝒏−𝟏 + 𝑭𝒏−𝟐
(n-1) 𝐹
𝐹7 = 𝐹7−1 + 𝐹7−2
𝑛−2- is the term before that
(n-2) 𝐹7 = 𝐹6 + 𝐹5

𝐹7 = 5 + 8

𝐹7 = 13

BINET’S FORMULA

(1+5)n−(1−5)
Fn=
n2n5

You might also like