NEXUS LIMITS

Questions
1. Evaluate: (i) lim+  x − 4 (ii) lim−  x − 4 , where [.] is GIF.
x→2 x →2

2. lim+
 x − 2 is equal to (where [.] is GIF)
x→2 x−2
(a) -2 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) 0

3. The value of lim−

x →10
(x + log  x) , is _____ (where [.] is the GIF and {.} is the FPF)
9

x−2
4. lim− = ______.
x→2 x−2
(a) 1 (b) 0 (c) -1 (d) 2

 x3 − 2 x − 4 
5. lim  2  is equal to ______.
x→2
 x − 3x + 2 
 x3 − a3 
6. The value of lim  2  is ______
x→a
 x − ax 
(a) a (b) 2a (c) 3a (d) None of these
x3 − 6 x 2 + 11x − 6
7. lim is equal to
x→2 x2 − 6 x + 8
1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
6 4 3 2

8. Evaluate: lim 6
( x − 1) .
4

( )
x →1 x − 1

x 2/3 − 1
9. The value of lim is _______
x →0 x −1
1
(a) 0 (b) (c) 1 (d) Does not exist
2
x − 16
2
10. Evaluate : lim
x→4
x2 + 9 − 5

x2 + 1 − 1
11. Evaluate : lim
x2 + 9 − 3
x →0

x− x
 , x0
12. If f ( x ) =  x , then lim f ( x ) _____.
x →0
 2, x = 0

(a) is equal to 0 (b) is equal to 1 (c) does not exist (d) none of these

mx − 3, when x  2
13. The integral value of m, for which lim f ( x ) exists, where f ( x ) =  , is ____.
x→2
 x / m, when x  2
(a) -2 (b) -1 (c) 1 (d) 2
x−2
14. lim is equal to _____.
x→2 x−2
(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) -1 (d) Does not exist
NEXUS LIMITS
1
e −1
x
15. Evaluate : lim 1
x→0
ex +1
 32 
 x − 8
16. lim = _____.
x→4  x − 4 
 
3 2 1
(a) (b) 3 (c) (d)
2 3 3

17. The value of lim

( x + 1)( 3x + 4 ) is equal to
x → x 2 ( x − 8)
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 1 (d) 0
3x + 2 x − 1
2
18. lim 2 = ________
x → 2 x − 3 x − 3

3 3
(a) 1 (b) 3 (c) (d) −
2 2
(16 + x )
1/ 4
−2
19. If the value of lim is 1/k, then the value of k is ________.
x →0 x
x2 + 1
20. If lim − ax + b = 0, then the value of a + b is _____.
x → x + 1

( x + 1)( x + 2 )( x + 3)
21. Evaluate lim .
x→ x4 + x2 + 1

(
22. Evaluate lim x − x 2 + x .
x →
)
x 4 − 16
23. The value of lim is _______
x→2 x − 2

1 1
(a) 32 (b) 16 (c) (d)
32 16
x5 − 32
24. lim = _______
x → 2 x 4 − 16

25 1 2 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 10 5 2

x 2 + x 2/3 + x3/5 − 3
25. The value of lim is ______
x →1 x2 − 1
49 47 49 47
(a) (b) (c) (d)
30 29 25 25
sin 3x
26. Evaluate lim .
x →0 2x
cos x − cos a
27. lim is equal to _________.
x→a x−a
(a) sin a (b) − sin a (c) cos a (d) − cos a
2sin 2 x + sin x − 1
28. lim = __________.
x → / 6 2sin 2 x − 3sin x + 1
NEXUS LIMITS

tan x − sin x
29. Evaluate lim
x →0 sin 3 x
  x 
1 − tan  2   (1 − sin x )
 
30. The value of lim  is :
x → / 2 
 x 
1 + tan  2   ( − 2 x )
3

  
1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) None of these
2 8 32
ln (1 + 2 x )
31. Evaluate lim .
x→0 x
6 x − 2 x − 3x + 1
32. The value of lim is equal to _______.
x →0 sin 2 x
ln 2 ln 3
(a) ln 2ln 3 (b) (c) (d) none of these
ln 3 ln 2
log x − 1
33. Evaluate lim .
x →e ( x − e )

 ax − bx 
34. lim   = _____
x →0
 x 
b a a
(a) log   (b) log   (c) (d) log a b
a b b
x +1
 3x − 4  3
35. The value of lim   is equal to
x → 3 x + 2
 
−1 −2
(a) e 3 (b) e 3 (c) e−1 (d) e−2
1
 1 + 5x  2 x2
36. lim   = ____
x →0 1 + 3x 2
 
sin x + log (1 − x )
37. lim is equal to
x →0 x2
1 1
(a) 0 (b) (c) − (d) None of these
2 2
e + ln (1 − x ) − 1
x

38. Evaluate lim .

x→0 sin x − x
x 6 − 24 x − 16
39. Evaluate lim using L'Hospital's rule.
x→2 x 3 + 2 x − 12

40. Evaluate lim log e ( sin x )

tan x
.
x →0

41. Evaluate lim (1 − 2 x ) .

1/ x

x →0

42. Evaluate lim (1 + sin x )

cot x
.
x →0
NEXUS LIMITS

Answer Key
1. (i) -2 (ii) -3 2. (d) 3. 2

4. (a) 5. 10 6. (c)

7. (d) 8. 2/3 9. (c)

10. 10 11. 3 12. (c)

13. (d) 14. (d) 15. Limit does not exist

16. (b) 17. (d) 18. (c)

19. 32 20. 2 21. 0

1
22. − 23. (a) 24. (d)
2

25. (a) 26. 3/2 27. (b)

28. -3 29. 1/2 30. (c)

31. 2 32. (a) 33. 1/e

34. (b) 35. (b) 36. e2

37. (c) 38. 1 39. 12

40. 0 41. e -2 42. e

NEXUS LIMITS

Solutions
1.
(i) lim+  x − 4 = lim  2 + h − 4 = lim  −2 + h  = −2
x→2 h →0 h →0

(ii) lim−  x − 4 = lim  2 − h − 4 = lim  −2 − h = −3

x →2 x →0 x →0

2.
lim+
 x  − 2 = lim  2 + h − 2 = lim 2 − 2 = 0
x→2 x−2 h →0 2+h−2 h →0 h
3.
lim−
x →10
( x + log  x ) = lim (10 − h + log 10 − h)
9
h →0
9

= lim ( (10 − h ) − 10 − h  + log ( 9 ) ) 9

h →0

= 10 − 9 + 1 = 2
4.
x−2 2−h−2 −h
lim = lim = lim =1
x → 2− x−2 h → 0 2−h−2 h → 0 −h

5.
 x3 − 2 x − 4   ( x − 2) ( x2 + 2x + 2) 
lim  2  = lim   = 10
x→2
 x − 3 x + 2  x→2 
 ( x − 2 )( x − 1) 

6.
 x3 − a3   ( x − a ) ( x 2 + a 2 + ax ) 
lim  2  = lim   = 3a
x→a
 x − ax  x → a  x( x − a) 

7.
x3 − 6 x 2 + 11x − 6
lim
x→2 x2 − 6 x + 8

= lim
( x − 1)( x − 2 )( x − 3)
x→2 ( x − 2 )( x − 4 )
= lim
( x − 1)( x − 3)
x→2 ( x − 4)
=
( 2 − 1)( 2 − 3) = 1
( 2 − 4) 2

8.

lim
(x 4
− 1)
= lim
(x 2
− 1)( x 2 + 1)
=
1+1
=
2
x →1
(x 6
− 1) x →1
(x 2
− 1)( x + x + 1)
4 2
1+1+1 3
9.
x 2/3 − 1
Given, L = lim
x →0 x −1
Put x = t  x = t 3 , x → 0, then t → 0
1/3
NEXUS LIMITS

t2 −1
 L = lim 3
t →0 t − 1

= lim
( t − 1)( t + 1) = 1
t →0
( t − 1) ( t 2 + t + 1)
10.

lim
x 2 − 16
 ( x 2 − 16 )  x 2 + 9 + 5
= lim 
( )  = 10
x→4
x + 9 − 5 x→4 
2 x 2 − 16 

 
11.
x2 + 1 − 1 x2 + 1 − 1 x2 + 9 + 3
lim = lim 
x →0
x2 + 9 − 3 x →0 x2 + 9 − 9 x2 + 1 + 1
x2 + 9 + 3 6
= lim = =3
x →0
x2 + 1 + 1 2
12.
x− x
 , x0
f ( x) =  x
 2, x=0

 x− x  0
RHL = lim+   = lim+ = lim ( 0 ) = 0
x →0
 x  x →0 x x →0
 x− x   2x 
LHL = lim−   = lim−  =2
x →0
 x  x →0  2x 
13.
mx − 3, when x  2
f ( x) = 
 x / m, when x  2
L.H.L = R.H.L
2
 2m − 3 =
m
 2m − 3m − 2 = 0
2

 ( m − 2 )( 2m + 1) = 0
1
 m = 2, m = −
2
14.
x−2 2−h−2
LHL = lim = lim = −1
x→2− x−2 h →0 2−h−2
x−2 2+h−2
RHL = lim = lim =1
x→2+ x−2 h→0 2+h−2
Since LHL  RHL
Hence limit does not exist.
NEXUS LIMITS

15.
e1/ x − 1  e+ − 1  1 − e−
RHL = lim+ 1/ x = = =1
x →0 e + 1  e+ + 1  1 + e−
e1/ x − 1 e− − 1
LHL = lim− = = −1
x →0 e
1/ x
+ 1 e− + 1
Since R.H.L  L.H.L
Hence limit does not exist.

16.
  1 3 
  x 2  − ( 2)
3
 32  
x − 8  
L = lim  = lim   
x→4  x − 4 
 
x→4
 x −2 ( )(
x +2 ) 

 
 
 21

(
 x − 2 x + 4 + 2 x )
 L = lim  
x→4
(x −2 )(
x +2 )
 L = lim
( x + 4 + 2 x ) = 4 + 4 + 2 4 = 12 = 3 .
x→4
( x + 2) 4+2 4

17.
  1  4 
 x 1 +  x  3 +  
lim
( x + 1)( 3x + 4 ) = lim   x   x  
x → x 2 ( x − 8) x →
  8 
x3 1 − 
  x  
  1  4 
 1 1 + x  3 + x  
= lim     = 0.
x → x
  8  
 1 −  
 x 
18.
2  1 
3+  − 2 
3x + 2 x − 1
2
x  x  = 3
lim 2 = lim
x → 2 x − 3 x − 3 x → 3  3  2
2− − 2 
x x 
19.
(16 + x ) − 2
1/ 4

Given, L = lim
x →0 x
Let 16 + x = t , x → 0, t → 16
t1/ 4 − 2
L = lim
t →16 t − 16

Again put t1/ 4 = u , t → 16, u → 2

NEXUS LIMITS

lim
u−2
= lim
(u − 2) = lim
1
=
1
u →2 u − 16
4 u → 2
( u − 4 )( u + 4 )
2 2 u → 2
( u + 2 ) ( u + 4 ) 32
2

20.

21.

L = lim
( x + 1)( x + 2 )( x + 3)
x→ x4 + x2 + 1
 1  2  3 
1+ 1+ 1+
1  x   x   x 
= lim  =0
x→ x 1 1
1+ 2 + 4
x x
22.
(
L = lim x − x 2 + x
x →
)
x − x2 + x x + x2 + x
= lim 
x → 1 x + x2 + x
x2 − ( x2 + x )
= lim
x →
x + x2 + x
−x
= lim
x →
x + x2 + x
−x
= lim
x →  1
x 1 + 1 + 
 x
−1 1
= lim =−
x → 1 2
1+ 1+
x
23.
x 4 − 16 x 4 − 24
= 4 ( 2 ) = 32
4 −1
lim = lim
x→2 x − 2 x→2 x − 2

24.
NEXUS LIMITS

x5 − 32
L = lim
x→2 x 4 − 16
x − 2 5 ( 2)
5 −1
x 5 − 25 5
= lim  4 = =
x→2 x − 2 x − 2 4 ( 2)
4 4 −1
2
25.
x 2 + x 2/3 + x 3/5 − 3
L = lim
x →1 x2 − 1
 x 2 − 1 + x 2/3 − 1 + x 3/5 − 1 
= lim  
x →1  ( x − 1)( x + 1)
 
 x 2 − 12 x 2/3 − 12/3 x3/5 − 13/5  1
= lim  + + 
x →1
 x −1 x −1 x − 1  ( x + 1)
 2 3  1 49
= 2+ +  =
 3 5  2 30
26.
sin 3x sin 3 x 3 3
L = lim = lim  =
x →0 2x x →0 3x 2 2
27.
cos x − cos a
L = lim
x→a x−a
cos ( a + h ) − cos a
= lim
h →0 h

= lim  cos a
( cos h − 1) − sin a
sin h 

h →0
 h h 

= lim  cos a
( −2 sin 2 h / 2 ) 
− sin a  = − sin a
h →0  h 
 
28.
2sin 2 x + sin x − 1
L = lim
x → / 6 2sin 2 x − 3sin x + 1

1
+1
= lim
( sin x + 1)( 2sin x − 1 ) = 2 = −3
x→

6
( sin x − 1)( 2sin x − 1) 1 − 1
2
29.
2 2
tan x − sin x 2sin 2 x /2 1 1  sin x /2   x  1
L = lim 3
= lim 2
= lim     =
x →0 sin x x → 0 cos x sin x x → 0 2 cos x
 x /2   sin x  2
30.
  x 
1 − tan  2   (1 − sin x )
 
Given, lim 
x → / 2 
 x 
1 + tan  2   ( − 2 x )
3

  
NEXUS LIMITS

 
Put x = − h as x → , h→0
2 2
 h
1 − tan  − 
Given limit = lim  4 2  . (1 − cos h )
 h
1 + tan  −  ( 2h )
h →0 3

 4 2
2 h
h 2 sin 2
= lim tan
h→0 2 8h 3
2
h  h
tan  sin
1
= lim . 2 2 1
h→0 4 h
 h  4
2  
2  2 
2
 h  h
1  tan 2   sin 2  1
= lim .    =
h → 0 32 h h
   32
 2  2 
31.
ln (1 + 2 x ) ln (1 + 2 x )
L = lim = lim 2 = 2
x →0 x x →0 2x

32.
6 x − 2 x − 3x + 1
L = lim
x →0 sin 2 x

= lim
( 2x − 1)( 3x − 1)
x →0 sin 2 x
 2 x − 1  3x − 1  x 2 
= lim    2 
x →0
 x  x  sin x 
= log e 2  log e 3

33.
 x−e 
log  + 1
log x − 1 log ( x /e )  e =1
lim = lim = lim
x →e ( x − e ) x →e ( x − e ) x →e ( x − e)  e e
e
34.
ax − bx  ax −1   bx −1 
lim = lim   − lim  
x →0 x x →0
 x  x →0  x 
a
= log a − log b = log  
b
35.
x +1 x +1
 3x − 4  3  3x + 2 − 6  3
lim   = lim  
x → 3 x + 2
  x →
 3x + 2 
NEXUS LIMITS
−6 x +1

x +1
 
3x + 2 3x + 2 3
 6  3
  6  −6

= lim 1 −  = lim 1 − 
x →  
x →
 3x + 2   3 x + 2 
 
−2( x + 1)
3x + 2
−2
 −2 ( x + 1) −2 
= lim e =e3 ,  lim = 
x → x → 3 x + 2 3

36.
5
 1

1 lim (1 + 5 x 2 ) 5 x2 
 1 + 5 x 2  x2 x →0

5
 = e = e2  1

lim   =  lim (1 + x ) x = e 
x →0 1 + 3 x 2 3
e3
   2 3 x2 
1 x →0

lim (1 + 3x ) 
x →0
 
37.
sin x + log (1 − x )
lim
x →0 x2
 x3 x5   x 2 x3 x 4 
 x − + − ...   − x − − − − ... 
3! 5! 2 3 4
= lim  2
 + lim 
2

x →0 x x → 0 x
 3
x x 5
x 2 x3 
 sin x = x − + − ... and log (1 − x ) = − x − − − ... 
 3! 5! 2 3 
−x 2
 1 1 x
4
− x 3  +  − ...
= lim
2  3! 3  4 = − 1
x →0 x2 2

38.
e x + ln (1 − x ) − 1
L = lim
x →0 sin x − x
 x 2 x3   x 2 x3  1 1
 1 + x + + +
  − x − −  −1 x3  − 
2! 3!   2 3 6 3  −1 / 6
= lim  = lim  = =1
x →0  x 3
 x → 0
3 1 −1 / 6
 x − − x x − 
 3!   6
39.
x 6 − 24 x − 16 6 x5 − 24 32  6 − 24 168
lim = lim = = = 12
x→2 x3 + 2 x − 12 x → 2 3x 2 + 2 12 + 2 14

40.
Given, lim log e ( sin x )
tan x

x →0

= lim tan x.log e sin x ( 0. form )

x →0

log e sin x  
= lim  form 
x →0 cot x  
cot x
= lim
x → 0 −cosec 2 x
 Using L-Hosptal rule
= lim ( − cos x.sin x ) = 0
x →0
NEXUS LIMITS

41.
lim (1 + sin x )
cot x
= lim esin x cot x = lim ecos x = e
x →0 x →0 x →0

42.
cot ( ( x −1) )
lim x cot  x = lim (1 + x − 1) = lim e(
x −1) / tan  ( x −1)
= e1/ 
x →1 x →1 x →1