MARANATHA
MSCE MOCK EXAMINATION 2025
AGRICULTURE PAPER I
(100 MARKS)
1.a.
✓ blocky or cuboid,
✓ column or prismatic,
✓ prismatic pillar,
✓ platy,
✓ granular,
✓ crumb
✓ single-grain
2 marks for any of these.
b. Use of heavy machines,
✓ overstocking,
✓ Constant
✓ cultivation the soil
when it is too dry
or wet
✓ deforestation
✓ soil erosion.
2 marks for any of these.
c. soluble salts are toxic,
✓ saline soils have an increased osmotic potential,
✓ it results into high pH,
✓ high amount of sodium in the soil causes dispersal of clay soils. 2 marks
for any of these.
2.a. (i) selfing parental line
✓ it help to produce pure breeds (pure lines)
✓ Ensure that desirable traits are in the offspring.
(ii) crossing pure
✓ Hybrid produce high yield.
✓ Promote uniformity.
✓ Help to produce new characters.
b.i.
✓ Pipes
✓ Gutter
✓ Storage tank
✓ Outlet
✓ Grass strip
✓ Fish pond
✓ Local catchment dams
✓ Terraces
✓ River diversions
✓ Manure applications
✓ Box ridges
2 marks for any 2.
b.ii.
✓ Practice conservation agriculture.
✓ Re afforestation.
✓ Water harvesting.
✓ Agro forestry.
✓ Integrated farming. 4 mark any 2.
3.a.
✓ To examine if production is profitable.
✓ To estimate quantity of input.
✓ Formulation of farm plan.
✓ Enable farmers to mobilize and allocate resources. 2 marks for any 2.
b.
✓ Inferior traits are also fixed in off spring.
✓ There is reduced production of the off spring (inbreeding depression)
✓ This brings about heterosis
✓ Loss of vigor
c.
✓ Toggenburg
✓ British Alpine.
✓ Angula Nubian
✓ Saanen.
✓ Jamnapan 2 marks for any 2.
d.
✓ Soil Ph.
✓ Salinity.
✓ Soil nutrient status.
✓ Cation exchange capacity. 2 marks for any 2.
4.a.(i)
✓ Foot rot. 1 mark.
(ii)
✓Avoid grazing animals in muddy, marshy, damp areas
✓ Provide animals with footbath
✓ Isolate animals
✓ Treat with antibiotics 2 marks for any 1.
b. (i)
✓ This boost immune system hence increases the level of production of
livestock in a farm.
(ii)
✓ Animals will be protected from some diseases like pneumonia 2
marks for any 1.
(iii)
✓ Protein fight against diseases.
✓ Repair worn out tissues.
✓ For growth and body building.
✓ Converted into fats. 2 mark for any 1.
(iv)
✓ Goats with desirable traits are passed on to the next generation
✓ It helps to select animals that can withstand adverse weather conditions.
5.a.
✓ Mango scale. 1 mark .
b.
✓ They attach leaves, stems and fruits
✓ They produce honey dew (sugary substance) which is a host for sooty
molds 1 mark for any
c.
✓ High population density areas pay high prices.
✓ Commodities follows towards high density areas.
✓ Low population density areas receive low prices.
✓ High population density areas market channels are longer.
✓ Affects the mode of transportation
✓ Affects the range of products
✓ Affects the mod of advertisement 4 marks for any 2.
6.
✓ Equal access to education men and women to receive the same education.
✓ Accessibility to credits women to be given access to credits as well.
✓ Repealing discriminatory policies.
✓ Use of female leaders as role model.
4 marks
7a.
✓ X : Epididymis
✓ Y : Sperm duct
✓ Z: Urethra
b.
✓ X- Store sperms
✓ Z- passage of sperms / passage of urine
c.
burdizzo.
✓
✓ Elastor band 2 marks for mentioning and explanation.
8.a. (1) inoculation
Ensures availability of bacteria facilitating nodule formation.
(ii) Pelleting
✓ Correct soil pH.
✓ Promote germination.
✓ Seed looks bigger hence easy sowing.
(iii) Hulling
✓ Facilitate even distribution.
✓ Promote seed germination.
✓ Allow pelleting to be done.
✓ For easy entry of water
b.
✓ Political problems.
✓ Management problems.
✓ Lack of adequate capital.
✓ Dishonest of members.
✓ Lack of infrastructure 2 marks for any 1
c.
✓ Practicing irrigation
✓ Water harvesting
✓ Afforestation and reafforestation
✓ Crop diversification
✓ Seed production- hybrid and genetically modified seed address farmers
such as; high yield, pest and diseases resistance. 4 marks for any 2.
d.
✓ Affects soil temperature
✓ Affects taste of products due nutrient from the parent material
✓ Affects water holding capacity
9.
• Diversification of enterprises
• Contract production
• Input substitution
• Adopting modern techniques
• Taking insurance cover
• Flexibility in production
• Choosing more reliable enterprise
10.
• Provision of loans from credit and saving cooperatives
• Buying inputs from ADMARC for high yields
• Farmers should sav their money to credit and savings for future use
• Selling agricultural produce to ADMARC for future use.
• Training farmers from extension workers
• Help farmers to adopt new methods and technologies by extension
workers
11.
• Spread of weed seeds that leads to competition of nutrient with crops
hence food insecurity due to low yields.
• Soil erosion leads to low yields hence reduced economy
• Environmental pollution due to floods that contains more chemicals that
kills aquatics e.g. Fish hence low revenue generated by farmers.
• Reduced agricultural productivity
• Spreading of water and soil borne diseases by eroded soil which destroys
crops hence low crop yield.
• Reduction of arable and grazing land hence increased poverty
• Loss of fertile soil resulting into reduced yields hence low economy
NOTE: Explanation should be based on bullet provided and these
are not the only ones.
